Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6242
Vaishali Dobriyal, Saurabh Guleri, M. Singh
Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life which includes all the plants and animals that live and grow on the Earth, all the habitats in which they survive, and all the natural processes of which they are a part. The earth supports an incredible array of biodiversity. Globally around 1.75 million species have been described and about 14 million species are estimated to be on earth. India is the country with large ecological diversity (from sea levels to highest mountainsforests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine and desert). India’s total geographical area is 692,027 km2 and contribute about 2.4% of world total landmass and comes under 17 mega diversity country in the world (Singh & Dash, 2013). About 7-8% of world biodiversity is contained by India, in which it contributes in the presence of 11.4% of world’s flora (Karthikeyan, 2009). India is diverged with 47513 species of plants are known yet, 28% of which are endemic to the country. The Northern part of India harbors a great diversity of plants because of the majestic Himalayan range. The Himalayan region of India is bestowed with a variety of natural resources which have been exploited by mankind since times immemorial. Samant and Pant (2003) revealed that 1748 species were native to Himalayas and about 493 species were exotic, it indicates that these species had the ability to establish in diverse environmental conditions. Out of 15,000 species of flowering plants about 17% are considered to be of medicinal value (Jain, 1968). Medicinal and Aromatic plants constitute great economic and strategic value for Asia and Pacific. It has been estimated that about 30% of pharmaceutical are derived from green plants and this percentage has raised considerable in recent years. India has about 8,000 species of known medicinal plants and about 1,000 plants have been used in the traditional system of medicine viz., Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, while tribal use 7500 plant species for medicinal purposes (Anon,1998a,b).Medicinal plants possesses appetizers, emollient, cooling, astringent (Ocimum basilicum), hypertensive (Rauvolfia serpentina), analgenic, antipyretic (Andrographis panniculata), antioxidant (Aloe barbadensis) properties. Medicinal and aromatic plants are used in the pharmaceutical industries in the preparation of herbal products as well as value added and consumer articles like cosmetics, tooth paste, soap etc (Chopra ,1956). Using Morphological, anatomical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis Lam.
{"title":"Morphological, anatomical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis Lam.","authors":"Vaishali Dobriyal, Saurabh Guleri, M. Singh","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6242","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life which includes all the plants and animals that live and grow on the Earth, all the habitats in which they survive, and all the natural processes of which they are a part. The earth supports an incredible array of biodiversity. Globally around 1.75 million species have been described and about 14 million species are estimated to be on earth. India is the country with large ecological diversity (from sea levels to highest mountainsforests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine and desert). India’s total geographical area is 692,027 km2 and contribute about 2.4% of world total landmass and comes under 17 mega diversity country in the world (Singh & Dash, 2013). About 7-8% of world biodiversity is contained by India, in which it contributes in the presence of 11.4% of world’s flora (Karthikeyan, 2009). India is diverged with 47513 species of plants are known yet, 28% of which are endemic to the country. The Northern part of India harbors a great diversity of plants because of the majestic Himalayan range. The Himalayan region of India is bestowed with a variety of natural resources which have been exploited by mankind since times immemorial. Samant and Pant (2003) revealed that 1748 species were native to Himalayas and about 493 species were exotic, it indicates that these species had the ability to establish in diverse environmental conditions. Out of 15,000 species of flowering plants about 17% are considered to be of medicinal value (Jain, 1968). Medicinal and Aromatic plants constitute great economic and strategic value for Asia and Pacific. It has been estimated that about 30% of pharmaceutical are derived from green plants and this percentage has raised considerable in recent years. India has about 8,000 species of known medicinal plants and about 1,000 plants have been used in the traditional system of medicine viz., Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, while tribal use 7500 plant species for medicinal purposes (Anon,1998a,b).Medicinal plants possesses appetizers, emollient, cooling, astringent (Ocimum basilicum), hypertensive (Rauvolfia serpentina), analgenic, antipyretic (Andrographis panniculata), antioxidant (Aloe barbadensis) properties. Medicinal and aromatic plants are used in the pharmaceutical industries in the preparation of herbal products as well as value added and consumer articles like cosmetics, tooth paste, soap etc (Chopra ,1956). Using Morphological, anatomical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis Lam.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83014486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6608
M. Mishra, G. Kumar
Concerns about food security are increased depending on the raised world population. To feed the world population might be possible if the food production increases double by 2050. However, this aim is associated with many climate-based comprehensive challenges. Plant breeders take effort to change genetic structures of the plants to improve preferred food by humans. Although classical breeding techniques have presented knowledge of genetic structure of plants, modern breeding such as genetic engineering and mutation breeding give much more information than traditional breeders, the conventional breeding cannot be an appropriate option to improve new characters (Harten, 1998; Ahloowalia & Maluszynski, 2001). Mutation breeding has become a proven way of including alteration in genetic constituents to increase the variability at gene level in a very small period of time crop. Increasing world food security is the main aim for mutation breeding to increase crop production (Kharkwal & Shu, 2009).By using different type of physical and chemical mutagens. Ionizing radiations are also used to sterilize some agriculture product to increase the conservation time and decrease the pathogen propagation when trending these product with the same or from country to country (Melki & Sallami, 2008). Gamma rays are known to be more popular mutagen for their simple application, good penetration, less disposal problems, higher mutation frequency and reproducibility (Chahal & Gosal, 2002). It is most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, their energy level is from ten to several hundred kilo electron volts and have high penetration power as compared to other physical mutagens (Kovacs & Keresztes, 2002).
{"title":"Mutagenic potential of Gamma rays on Somatic cell division and morphological parameters in Foeniculum vulgare Mill.","authors":"M. Mishra, G. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6608","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about food security are increased depending on the raised world population. To feed the world population might be possible if the food production increases double by 2050. However, this aim is associated with many climate-based comprehensive challenges. Plant breeders take effort to change genetic structures of the plants to improve preferred food by humans. Although classical breeding techniques have presented knowledge of genetic structure of plants, modern breeding such as genetic engineering and mutation breeding give much more information than traditional breeders, the conventional breeding cannot be an appropriate option to improve new characters (Harten, 1998; Ahloowalia & Maluszynski, 2001). Mutation breeding has become a proven way of including alteration in genetic constituents to increase the variability at gene level in a very small period of time crop. Increasing world food security is the main aim for mutation breeding to increase crop production (Kharkwal & Shu, 2009).By using different type of physical and chemical mutagens. Ionizing radiations are also used to sterilize some agriculture product to increase the conservation time and decrease the pathogen propagation when trending these product with the same or from country to country (Melki & Sallami, 2008). Gamma rays are known to be more popular mutagen for their simple application, good penetration, less disposal problems, higher mutation frequency and reproducibility (Chahal & Gosal, 2002). It is most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, their energy level is from ten to several hundred kilo electron volts and have high penetration power as compared to other physical mutagens (Kovacs & Keresztes, 2002).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84974946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6867
S. Vinod, K. Senthil
COVID 19, which has lead to the death of millions of people, is still spreading worldwide. The development of any new drug after proper trial is much time consuming. This present global pandemic situation has lead the researchers around the world to run behind various existing antiviral and immunomodulatory natural compounds to overcome this contagious disease. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) that is being used in Ayurvedic medicine for several ailments since several years is also said to pocess anti viral activity. Thus many of its metabolites are being studied individually for its efficacy against the dreadful disease. Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone from ashwagandha is one such prime metabolite which beyond acting as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent, is also said to pocess anti-inflammatory to anti carcinogenic properties. Thus because of its wide spectrum of medicinal properties it has now become an attractive drug candidate for several preclinical studies. This increase in the demand for withaferin A has chanelled its way towards in vitro propagation of the plant Withania somnifera and trials on various strategies to increase the yield in terms of plant biomass as well as the withaferin content in the plants thus making it a better alternative to field grown plants. Thus this article reviews in depth on the important medicinal properties of withaferin A, its demand in Ayurveda industry and the in vitro strategies being carried out to overcome the demand.
{"title":"Withaferin A – A natural multifaceted therapeutic compound","authors":"S. Vinod, K. Senthil","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6867","url":null,"abstract":"COVID 19, which has lead to the death of millions of people, is still spreading worldwide. The development of any new drug after proper trial is much time consuming. This present global pandemic situation has lead the researchers around the world to run behind various existing antiviral and immunomodulatory natural compounds to overcome this contagious disease. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) that is being used in Ayurvedic medicine for several ailments since several years is also said to pocess anti viral activity. Thus many of its metabolites are being studied individually for its efficacy against the dreadful disease. Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone from ashwagandha is one such prime metabolite which beyond acting as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent, is also said to pocess anti-inflammatory to anti carcinogenic properties. Thus because of its wide spectrum of medicinal properties it has now become an attractive drug candidate for several preclinical studies. This increase in the demand for withaferin A has chanelled its way towards in vitro propagation of the plant Withania somnifera and trials on various strategies to increase the yield in terms of plant biomass as well as the withaferin content in the plants thus making it a better alternative to field grown plants. Thus this article reviews in depth on the important medicinal properties of withaferin A, its demand in Ayurveda industry and the in vitro strategies being carried out to overcome the demand.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84418865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6583
L. Thamaraiselvi, T. Selvankumar, E. Wesely, N. V. Kumar
A significant challenge of contemporary medicine is to make substances that regulate certain enzymes while leaving related isozymes unaffected. The two essential proteins, namely Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) are essential mediators of an inflammatory process. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like Indomethacin act via inhibition of COX enzyme, COX catalyzes the first step of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (Dannhardt and Kiefer, 2001). Prostaglandins (PGs), found in most of the tissues and organs, are the arachidonic acid metabolites of the Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and are significant mediators in the regulation of the inflammation and immune function (Smith et al., 2000). It has been shown that COX enzyme exists in two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 (Marnett et al., 1999). In regards to amino acid composition, these enzymes are about 60% identical, and their catalytic areas are commonly conserved (Picot et al., 1994). The COX-1 enzyme is responsible for maintaining gastric and renal integrity, and COX-2 is an inducible enzyme responsible for the production of proinflammatory PGs, causing inflammation and pain (Seibert et al., 1994). The COX-2 inhibitors are useful for the relief of chronic pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (Savage, 2005).
当代医学面临的一个重大挑战是制造出调节某些酶的物质，而不影响相关同工酶。两种必需的蛋白质，即环氧化酶-2 (COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)是炎症过程的必需介质。非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)如吲哚美辛通过抑制COX酶起作用，COX酶催化前列腺素生物合成的第一步(Dannhardt and Kiefer, 2001)。前列腺素(Prostaglandins, pg)是环氧化酶(COX)途径的花生四烯酸代谢产物，存在于大多数组织和器官中，是调节炎症和免疫功能的重要介质(Smith et al.， 2000)。已有研究表明COX酶存在于COX-1和COX-2两种异构体中(Marnett et al.， 1999)。在氨基酸组成方面，这些酶大约60%是相同的，它们的催化区域通常是保守的(Picot et al.， 1994)。COX-1酶负责维持胃和肾的完整性，COX-2是一种诱导酶，负责产生促炎的pg，引起炎症和疼痛(Seibert et al.， 1994)。COX-2抑制剂可用于缓解老年骨关节炎和类风湿关节炎患者的慢性疼痛(Savage, 2005)。
{"title":"In-silico molecular docking analysis of some plant derived molecules for anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity","authors":"L. Thamaraiselvi, T. Selvankumar, E. Wesely, N. V. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6583","url":null,"abstract":"A significant challenge of contemporary medicine is to make substances that regulate certain enzymes while leaving related isozymes unaffected. The two essential proteins, namely Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) are essential mediators of an inflammatory process. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like Indomethacin act via inhibition of COX enzyme, COX catalyzes the first step of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (Dannhardt and Kiefer, 2001). Prostaglandins (PGs), found in most of the tissues and organs, are the arachidonic acid metabolites of the Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and are significant mediators in the regulation of the inflammation and immune function (Smith et al., 2000). It has been shown that COX enzyme exists in two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 (Marnett et al., 1999). In regards to amino acid composition, these enzymes are about 60% identical, and their catalytic areas are commonly conserved (Picot et al., 1994). The COX-1 enzyme is responsible for maintaining gastric and renal integrity, and COX-2 is an inducible enzyme responsible for the production of proinflammatory PGs, causing inflammation and pain (Seibert et al., 1994). The COX-2 inhibitors are useful for the relief of chronic pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (Savage, 2005).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77774461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6878
R. Prabakaran, T. Kumar
Traditional knowledge of taxonomy is developed from a basic human tendency to recognize plants that are imposed by nature. It is developed from the unique history and culturally defined beliefs, behaviors and preferences of particular traditional societies rooted in a clearly defined geographical area and transmit their knowledge to their offspring’s. The universal identification of plants had been ubiquitous since the evolution of systematic botany. Evolution of taxonomy triggered botanists, to explore variety of plant species universally on their biological properties and evolved into the present modern ethnobotany, which emphasize on their, growth pattern and chemical compositions in traditional communities need. With the passage of time, they have developed a great deal of knowledge on the use of plants and plant products. The tribal have their own scientific knowledge of technology and they are still considered to be primitive and traditional bounded. The knowledge is very dynamic and is strongly influenced by indigenous creativity, innovation, rooted in geographical and cultural cognition. The knowledge is very vulnerable to degradation and even complete loss. In this perspective a rich diversity of flora of Chitteri hills was chosen for the study to document with objectives to reveal the criteria used by the Malayali of Chitteri hills use morphological characters and ecology of species as criteria for identification.
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal knowledge among the Malayali tribal of Chitteri hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Prabakaran, T. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6878","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional knowledge of taxonomy is developed from a basic human tendency to recognize plants that are imposed by nature. It is developed from the unique history and culturally defined beliefs, behaviors and preferences of particular traditional societies rooted in a clearly defined geographical area and transmit their knowledge to their offspring’s. The universal identification of plants had been ubiquitous since the evolution of systematic botany. Evolution of taxonomy triggered botanists, to explore variety of plant species universally on their biological properties and evolved into the present modern ethnobotany, which emphasize on their, growth pattern and chemical compositions in traditional communities need. With the passage of time, they have developed a great deal of knowledge on the use of plants and plant products. The tribal have their own scientific knowledge of technology and they are still considered to be primitive and traditional bounded. The knowledge is very dynamic and is strongly influenced by indigenous creativity, innovation, rooted in geographical and cultural cognition. The knowledge is very vulnerable to degradation and even complete loss. In this perspective a rich diversity of flora of Chitteri hills was chosen for the study to document with objectives to reveal the criteria used by the Malayali of Chitteri hills use morphological characters and ecology of species as criteria for identification.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88618253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6605
M. Anand, R. Basavaraju
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae), also known as yellow-bells, yellow-elder, yellow trumpet bush, trumpet bush, ginger-thomas, esperanza, tronadora, is native to the high altitude regions of South America and the drier habitats of North America. It has got naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions such as Africa, Asia, The Pacific Islands, and Australia. It is majorly used as an ornamental shrub with evergreen foliage, trumpet-shaped bright yellow, faintly fragrant bunchy flowers, and an abundance of fruits and seeds (CABI, 2020). As a medicinal plant, it is used traditionally for regulating high blood sugar levels; treating problems of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, eye, and skin, stimulating the immune system, and antidote against scorpion, snake; and rat bites (Winkelman, 1986; Irigoyen-Rascon & Paredes, 2015; Moe & Hlaing, 2019). Several pharmacological studies revealed its antioxidant, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic, and antimicrobial actions (Aguilar-Santamaría et al., 2009; Sbihi et al., 2015; Taher et al., 2016; Robinson et al., 2017; Bakr et al., 2019). Though the plant has played an essential role as a medicine for treating a broad spectrum of disease conditions, there is a paucity of information on its nutritional profiling. Up to now, 120 compounds have been identified and isolated from the plant, including monoterpene alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols, volatile oils, and fatty acids (Sbihi et al., 2015; Taher et al., 2016). To date, data on the fatty acid profile of seed sample of the plant has been reported (Sbihi et al., 2015). Besides this there are no reports on the comparative fatty acid composition of Tecoma plant parts. Thus our study aimed to determine the fatty acid profile of Tecoma stans plant parts grown in Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Tecoma stan (L.)汁液。原产于南美高海拔地区和北美干旱地区，也被称为黄铃花、黄接骨木、黄喇叭灌木、小喇叭灌木、姜汤、埃斯潘沙、tronadora。在非洲、亚洲、太平洋岛屿和澳大利亚等热带和亚热带地区已被归化。它主要被用作一种观赏灌木，具有常绿的叶子，喇叭形的亮黄色，微香的束花，以及丰富的果实和种子(CABI, 2020)。作为一种药用植物，它传统上用于调节高血糖水平;治疗胃肠道、肝、肾、眼、皮肤问题，刺激免疫系统，对蝎子、蛇有解毒剂;和老鼠咬伤(Winkelman, 1986;Irigoyen-Rascon & Paredes, 2015;Moe & Hlaing, 2019)。多项药理研究显示其具有抗氧化、抗糖尿病、心脏保护、抗癌、抗炎、抗溃疡、肝保护、抗关节炎和抗菌作用(Aguilar-Santamaría et al.， 2009;shihi et al.， 2015;Taher et al.， 2016;Robinson et al.， 2017;Bakr et al.， 2019)。虽然这种植物作为治疗多种疾病的药物发挥了重要作用，但关于其营养概况的信息却很少。到目前为止，从该植物中已鉴定和分离到120种化合物，包括单萜生物碱、酚酸、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇、挥发油和脂肪酸(shihi et al.， 2015;Taher et al.， 2016)。迄今为止，已报道了该植物种子样品脂肪酸谱的数据(shihi et al.， 2015)。除此之外，没有关于Tecoma植物部位脂肪酸组成比较的报道。因此，我们的研究旨在确定在印度安得拉邦Puttaparthi种植的Tecoma stans植物部分的脂肪酸谱。
{"title":"GC analysis of different parts of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth for fatty acid composition","authors":"M. Anand, R. Basavaraju","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6605","url":null,"abstract":"Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae), also known as yellow-bells, yellow-elder, yellow trumpet bush, trumpet bush, ginger-thomas, esperanza, tronadora, is native to the high altitude regions of South America and the drier habitats of North America. It has got naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions such as Africa, Asia, The Pacific Islands, and Australia. It is majorly used as an ornamental shrub with evergreen foliage, trumpet-shaped bright yellow, faintly fragrant bunchy flowers, and an abundance of fruits and seeds (CABI, 2020). As a medicinal plant, it is used traditionally for regulating high blood sugar levels; treating problems of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, eye, and skin, stimulating the immune system, and antidote against scorpion, snake; and rat bites (Winkelman, 1986; Irigoyen-Rascon & Paredes, 2015; Moe & Hlaing, 2019). Several pharmacological studies revealed its antioxidant, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic, and antimicrobial actions (Aguilar-Santamaría et al., 2009; Sbihi et al., 2015; Taher et al., 2016; Robinson et al., 2017; Bakr et al., 2019). Though the plant has played an essential role as a medicine for treating a broad spectrum of disease conditions, there is a paucity of information on its nutritional profiling. Up to now, 120 compounds have been identified and isolated from the plant, including monoterpene alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols, volatile oils, and fatty acids (Sbihi et al., 2015; Taher et al., 2016). To date, data on the fatty acid profile of seed sample of the plant has been reported (Sbihi et al., 2015). Besides this there are no reports on the comparative fatty acid composition of Tecoma plant parts. Thus our study aimed to determine the fatty acid profile of Tecoma stans plant parts grown in Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74012661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6643
Miloud M. Miloud, Najma A. Senussi
The pathogenic microorganism species have been increased their resistance to many of the chemically synthesized antibiotics that were previously used to resist them. In 2011, the WHO called for increased research on new drugs as antibiotic resistance increases dramatically (Abedini et al., 2013; Abreu et al., 2012). The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. In the last few years, a number of studies have been conducted in different countries to prove such efficiency (Izzo et al., 1995; Schapoval et al., 1994; Kubo et al., 1993). Many plants have been used because of their antimicrobial traits, which are due to compounds synthesized in the secondary metabolism of the plant. These products are known by their active substances, for example, the phenolic compounds which are part of the essential oils (Janssen et al., 1987). Euphorbia paralias L. (E. paralias), belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a perennial herb. The stem and leaves produce a white or milky juice when cut. This species distributed in coastal areas of Europe & North Africa. A species, growing in the sand along the coastal area of Libya, easily recognized by its small densely compact appressed leaves (Jafri & El-Gadi, 1982). The Euphorbia includes many species that containing tannins, terpenes, anthocyanins, alkaloids, steroids like ßsito-sterol, ß-amyrin and glycosides (Scalbert, 1991; Gupta & Gupta, 2019), it includes also many species that are used medically in the treatment of many diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, ascites, edema, asthma, stomach, liver and uterine cancer, It also treats worm infestations in children and for gonorrhea, jaundice, pimples, digestive problems (Kirtikar & Basu, 1991; Feng et al., 2010).
致病微生物种类已经增加了它们对许多以前用来抵抗它们的化学合成抗生素的耐药性。2011年，由于抗生素耐药性急剧增加，世卫组织呼吁加强对新药的研究(Abedini et al.， 2013;Abreu et al.， 2012)。植物提取物和植物化学物质的使用都具有已知的抗菌特性，在治疗治疗中具有重要意义。在过去几年中，在不同的国家进行了一些研究来证明这种效率(Izzo等人，1995;Schapoval et al.， 1994;Kubo et al.， 1993)。许多植物由于其抗菌特性而被使用，这是由于植物在次生代谢中合成的化合物。这些产品以其活性物质而闻名，例如，精油中含有的酚类化合物(Janssen等人，1987年)。大戟属(Euphorbia paralias L.)，大戟科。它是多年生草本植物。茎和叶在切开时会产生白色或乳白色的汁液。本种分布于欧洲和北非的沿海地区。一种生长在利比亚沿海地区的沙地上的物种，它的小而密的紧贴叶片很容易被识别(Jafri & El-Gadi, 1982)。大戟属植物包括许多种类，含有单宁、萜烯、花青素、生物碱、类固醇如ßsito-甾醇、ß-amyrin和糖苷(Scalbert, 1991;Gupta & Gupta, 2019)，它还包括许多在医学上用于治疗许多疾病的物种，如肺结核、腹水、水肿、哮喘、胃癌、肝癌和子宫癌，它还治疗儿童的寄生虫感染以及淋病、黄疸、丘疹、消化问题(Kirtikar & Basu, 1991;Feng等人，2010)。
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Euphorbia paralias L. and Melilotus sulcatus Desf. against some pathogenic microorganisms","authors":"Miloud M. Miloud, Najma A. Senussi","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6643","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenic microorganism species have been increased their resistance to many of the chemically synthesized antibiotics that were previously used to resist them. In 2011, the WHO called for increased research on new drugs as antibiotic resistance increases dramatically (Abedini et al., 2013; Abreu et al., 2012). The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. In the last few years, a number of studies have been conducted in different countries to prove such efficiency (Izzo et al., 1995; Schapoval et al., 1994; Kubo et al., 1993). Many plants have been used because of their antimicrobial traits, which are due to compounds synthesized in the secondary metabolism of the plant. These products are known by their active substances, for example, the phenolic compounds which are part of the essential oils (Janssen et al., 1987). Euphorbia paralias L. (E. paralias), belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a perennial herb. The stem and leaves produce a white or milky juice when cut. This species distributed in coastal areas of Europe & North Africa. A species, growing in the sand along the coastal area of Libya, easily recognized by its small densely compact appressed leaves (Jafri & El-Gadi, 1982). The Euphorbia includes many species that containing tannins, terpenes, anthocyanins, alkaloids, steroids like ßsito-sterol, ß-amyrin and glycosides (Scalbert, 1991; Gupta & Gupta, 2019), it includes also many species that are used medically in the treatment of many diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, ascites, edema, asthma, stomach, liver and uterine cancer, It also treats worm infestations in children and for gonorrhea, jaundice, pimples, digestive problems (Kirtikar & Basu, 1991; Feng et al., 2010).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80525705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6542
Ramasamy Elankanni, D. R. N. Kumar, R. A. Kumar
Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases and is the foremost basis of morbidity and death worldwide. The interests in the use of plants or plant-derived compounds are increasing recently due to their promising results in chemoprevention. The present study investigates the anti-cancer potential of Sida acuta, a traditionally well-known medicinal plant. Accordingly the methanol (SAM) and aqueous (SAA) extracts of Sida acuta, were examined against Artemia salina nauplii for toxicity and on human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) for cytotoxic and apoptotic properties. Both the extracts, SAM and SAA exhibited higher toxicity towards Artemia salina. Interestingly, the extracts exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in normal cells (VERO) than in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). The highly active SAA effectively induced apoptosis in both the cells (MDA MB 231 and MCF-7) showing 17.81% and 4.27% of late apoptotic cells and 27.14% and 37.32% of early apoptotic cells, respectively. Most of the drugs being developed from plant sources had landed successfully in clinical trials. In conclusion, the observations clearly suggest that SAA may have possible therapeutic potential against human breast cancer-derived diseases specifically against ER-positive breast cancer.
{"title":"Cancer selective cytotoxicity of Sida acuta extracts on Artemia salina and human breast adenocarcinoma cells","authors":"Ramasamy Elankanni, D. R. N. Kumar, R. A. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6542","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases and is the foremost basis of morbidity and death worldwide. The interests in the use of plants or plant-derived compounds are increasing recently due to their promising results in chemoprevention. The present study investigates the anti-cancer potential of Sida acuta, a traditionally well-known medicinal plant. Accordingly the methanol (SAM) and aqueous (SAA) extracts of Sida acuta, were examined against Artemia salina nauplii for toxicity and on human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) for cytotoxic and apoptotic properties. Both the extracts, SAM and SAA exhibited higher toxicity towards Artemia salina. Interestingly, the extracts exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in normal cells (VERO) than in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). The highly active SAA effectively induced apoptosis in both the cells (MDA MB 231 and MCF-7) showing 17.81% and 4.27% of late apoptotic cells and 27.14% and 37.32% of early apoptotic cells, respectively. Most of the drugs being developed from plant sources had landed successfully in clinical trials. In conclusion, the observations clearly suggest that SAA may have possible therapeutic potential against human breast cancer-derived diseases specifically against ER-positive breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76256956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-22DOI: 10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6521
S. Manasi, V. W. Ahilya, C. Narayankar, D. Gaikwad
Simarouba glauca is a medicinally important oil yielding plant. It is a rainfed wasteland evergreen edible oil tree. Presowing soaked seeds of Simarouba glauca in various Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are analyzed to estimate their fatty acid composition. The fatty acids extraction was done using petroleum ether and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Due to the application of growth regulators stearic acid, lingoceric acid and linolenic acid enhances noticeably, while, total saturated fatty acids are augmented due to cysteine, Salicylic Acid (SA) and methionine treatments and monosaturated fatty acids elevated due to the application of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced in response to Gibberellic Acid(GA) and Chlormequat chloride (CCC). The PGR induced changes in fatty acid composition predominantly in polyunsaturated fatty acids may certainly recover the oil quality of S. glauca seeds.
{"title":"Influence of plant growth regulators on fatty acid composition of Simarouba glauca DC.","authors":"S. Manasi, V. W. Ahilya, C. Narayankar, D. Gaikwad","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6521","url":null,"abstract":"Simarouba glauca is a medicinally important oil yielding plant. It is a rainfed wasteland evergreen edible oil tree. Presowing soaked seeds of Simarouba glauca in various Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are analyzed to estimate their fatty acid composition. The fatty acids extraction was done using petroleum ether and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Due to the application of growth regulators stearic acid, lingoceric acid and linolenic acid enhances noticeably, while, total saturated fatty acids are augmented due to cysteine, Salicylic Acid (SA) and methionine treatments and monosaturated fatty acids elevated due to the application of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced in response to Gibberellic Acid(GA) and Chlormequat chloride (CCC). The PGR induced changes in fatty acid composition predominantly in polyunsaturated fatty acids may certainly recover the oil quality of S. glauca seeds.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86862695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6252
A. Pillai, Riyas Ct, K. Sabu
The family Arecaceace, also known as Palmae, includes six subfamilies, about 200 genera, and the species count ranges from 2500-2700 [1]. Their geographic distribution between 44° North and 44° South indicates that they mostly prefer tropical ecosystems [2]. The highest palm diversity is reported to be in Asia and the Pacific islands with 1385 species, followed by north and south America with about 1,147 species. Globally palms are utilized for various products, including its seed oil, leaves for thatching houses, and cigarette wrappers; the fruits of some palms are edible, and some of them are known for their sap exudates. The medicinal uses of a few palms have been known to the tribal communities in different parts of the world. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), nipa palm (Nypa fruticans), kitul palm (Caryota urens), palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestris) oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and raffia palms (Raphia spp.) reported being the sugar-yielding palms in Asia and Africa (Dalibard,1999) [3]. Genus Arenga includes several palm species native to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern Australia. [4,5]. The palms range from small to medium in size, growing to 2–20 m tall, with pinnate leaves 2–12 m long [6].
{"title":"A review on the unexplored and underutilized Arenga species in India","authors":"A. Pillai, Riyas Ct, K. Sabu","doi":"10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6252","url":null,"abstract":"The family Arecaceace, also known as Palmae, includes six subfamilies, about 200 genera, and the species count ranges from 2500-2700 [1]. Their geographic distribution between 44° North and 44° South indicates that they mostly prefer tropical ecosystems [2]. The highest palm diversity is reported to be in Asia and the Pacific islands with 1385 species, followed by north and south America with about 1,147 species. Globally palms are utilized for various products, including its seed oil, leaves for thatching houses, and cigarette wrappers; the fruits of some palms are edible, and some of them are known for their sap exudates. The medicinal uses of a few palms have been known to the tribal communities in different parts of the world. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), nipa palm (Nypa fruticans), kitul palm (Caryota urens), palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestris) oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and raffia palms (Raphia spp.) reported being the sugar-yielding palms in Asia and Africa (Dalibard,1999) [3]. Genus Arenga includes several palm species native to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern Australia. [4,5]. The palms range from small to medium in size, growing to 2–20 m tall, with pinnate leaves 2–12 m long [6].","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78221056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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