Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6416
S. Kumari, M. Trivedi
Plants are natural source of medicine and used in curing diseases. The medicinal plants have been used as the herbal remedies. At present use of natural products in treating diseases are increasing. Herbal drugs have achieved much popularity due to increasing awareness towards personal health which leads to maintained health through the natural products [1]. The high public demands of these medicinal plants required its conservationthrough the micropropagation as well as enhancement of secondary metabolites through the callus culture, suspension cultures and treatment of elicitor’s molecule [2]. Centella asiaticawhich is also known as Indian pennywort are small herbaceous annual plant widely distributed in India, Malaysia, SriLanka, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia [3,4]. The plant belongs to the family Apiaceae [5]. The extract of Centella asiaticais used for wound healing [6] as well as various skin diseases viz: leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcer,eczema, psoriasis and female genital urinary tract infections [7]. Ethanolic extract of Centella has been well elucidated for antibacterial activity [10]. Apart from antibacterial activity, essential oil of C. asiatica is endowed with antimicrobial activity [9,11].Crude methanolic extract as well as hydroalchoholic activity showed antioxidant properties [8]. Centella asiaticais assumed to be effective on the connective tissues by strengthened weakened viens[12]. Triterpene of C.asiatica also showed antidepressant activity [13].Centella asiatica of Asiatic region enhances GABA in cerebral cortex which depicts its conventional anxiolytic and anticonvusalant property [7,14]. The major constituents of these medicinal plants are madecassid acid, asiatic acid, centellasaponins as well as three types of asiaticoside viz: asiaticoside, asiaticoside A and asiaticoside B [15]. Because of great demands of these bioactive molecules, researchers focused to develop plant tissue culture techniques to increase the number of plantlets as well as to enhance the secondary metabolite production through the callus culture [16, 28]. Therefore, the major thrust of present investigation was to standardize a protocol for micropropagation of this valuable medicinal plant in B5 media. We also determined bioactive molecules productioninvivo and invitrocondition.
{"title":"An efficient protocol for mass multiplication of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and determination of its phenolic content","authors":"S. Kumari, M. Trivedi","doi":"10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6416","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are natural source of medicine and used in curing diseases. The medicinal plants have been used as the herbal remedies. At present use of natural products in treating diseases are increasing. Herbal drugs have achieved much popularity due to increasing awareness towards personal health which leads to maintained health through the natural products [1]. The high public demands of these medicinal plants required its conservationthrough the micropropagation as well as enhancement of secondary metabolites through the callus culture, suspension cultures and treatment of elicitor’s molecule [2]. Centella asiaticawhich is also known as Indian pennywort are small herbaceous annual plant widely distributed in India, Malaysia, SriLanka, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia [3,4]. The plant belongs to the family Apiaceae [5]. The extract of Centella asiaticais used for wound healing [6] as well as various skin diseases viz: leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcer,eczema, psoriasis and female genital urinary tract infections [7]. Ethanolic extract of Centella has been well elucidated for antibacterial activity [10]. Apart from antibacterial activity, essential oil of C. asiatica is endowed with antimicrobial activity [9,11].Crude methanolic extract as well as hydroalchoholic activity showed antioxidant properties [8]. Centella asiaticais assumed to be effective on the connective tissues by strengthened weakened viens[12]. Triterpene of C.asiatica also showed antidepressant activity [13].Centella asiatica of Asiatic region enhances GABA in cerebral cortex which depicts its conventional anxiolytic and anticonvusalant property [7,14]. The major constituents of these medicinal plants are madecassid acid, asiatic acid, centellasaponins as well as three types of asiaticoside viz: asiaticoside, asiaticoside A and asiaticoside B [15]. Because of great demands of these bioactive molecules, researchers focused to develop plant tissue culture techniques to increase the number of plantlets as well as to enhance the secondary metabolite production through the callus culture [16, 28]. Therefore, the major thrust of present investigation was to standardize a protocol for micropropagation of this valuable medicinal plant in B5 media. We also determined bioactive molecules productioninvivo and invitrocondition.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82588388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6415
Vilas T. Patil, V. Jadhav
With its various edible berries, and also great value in the indigenous medicine system, the family fabaceae has an economic significance. Many of the wild edible plant have both therapeutic and dietary function. Wild edible plant plays a significant role in human life, supplying nutrients, fibres, vitamins, essential fatty acids and improving dietary taste and colour. R. minima (L.) DC. Commonly referred to as Turvel is an annual twinning or trailing spread throughout India, Sri Lanka, and the United States [2]. The seeds are weaker and poisonous and the extract of seeds shows strong agglutinating activity on human RBC [3]. The medicine leaves of this plant are used as abortifacient in the folk tradition method. Decoction prepared from leaves is used as an abortifacient by triabals in the North Maharastra region [4]. The Sikkim tribals use plant leaves in the treatment of wounds, helmintic infection and abortion [5]. In the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, the aborigines use the leaves to treat asthama and piles [6]. Plant phytochemical experiments revealed the existence of ergoster, stigmasterol, lupeol, and steroidal glycoside [7]. The Leaves of R. Minima have significant anthelmintic activity [4]. R. Minima leafs essential therapeutic qualities such as contamination with helminths, cuts, asthma, piles and abortive substances [8]. In the case of gold nanoparticles R. minima mediated synthesis, the alkyne group, acyl halide, secondary amine in alkaloids and alkyl halides such as iodine and bromine compounds may be involved in the reduction of gold chloride into gold nanoparticles, these compounds may also serve as reducing and capping agents [9]. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the R.minima aqueous leaf extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides [4]. Medicinal plants have historically been an integral part of human life since ancient days. Because of their therapeutic selectivity, minute of side effects, inexpensive source and function as lead molecules for the development of new drugs, natural compounds are currently GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.
{"title":"GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.","authors":"Vilas T. Patil, V. Jadhav","doi":"10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6415","url":null,"abstract":"With its various edible berries, and also great value in the indigenous medicine system, the family fabaceae has an economic significance. Many of the wild edible plant have both therapeutic and dietary function. Wild edible plant plays a significant role in human life, supplying nutrients, fibres, vitamins, essential fatty acids and improving dietary taste and colour. R. minima (L.) DC. Commonly referred to as Turvel is an annual twinning or trailing spread throughout India, Sri Lanka, and the United States [2]. The seeds are weaker and poisonous and the extract of seeds shows strong agglutinating activity on human RBC [3]. The medicine leaves of this plant are used as abortifacient in the folk tradition method. Decoction prepared from leaves is used as an abortifacient by triabals in the North Maharastra region [4]. The Sikkim tribals use plant leaves in the treatment of wounds, helmintic infection and abortion [5]. In the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, the aborigines use the leaves to treat asthama and piles [6]. Plant phytochemical experiments revealed the existence of ergoster, stigmasterol, lupeol, and steroidal glycoside [7]. The Leaves of R. Minima have significant anthelmintic activity [4]. R. Minima leafs essential therapeutic qualities such as contamination with helminths, cuts, asthma, piles and abortive substances [8]. In the case of gold nanoparticles R. minima mediated synthesis, the alkyne group, acyl halide, secondary amine in alkaloids and alkyl halides such as iodine and bromine compounds may be involved in the reduction of gold chloride into gold nanoparticles, these compounds may also serve as reducing and capping agents [9]. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the R.minima aqueous leaf extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides [4]. Medicinal plants have historically been an integral part of human life since ancient days. Because of their therapeutic selectivity, minute of side effects, inexpensive source and function as lead molecules for the development of new drugs, natural compounds are currently GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83039496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-20DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6499
P. Venkatachalam, C. Chittibabu
The present study was aimed to investigate the anticandidal and antifungal potential of dried fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum gypseum. Phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts of T. chebula dried fruits showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. Among the tested four extracts, the methanol extracts of T. chebula dried fruits exhibited the highest antifungal activity and their inhibition zone was ranged between 7.5 to 19.5mm. MIC and MFC values were between 62.5-250μg/ml and 250-500μg/ml respectively. Zone of inhibition (19.5 mm), MIC (62.5µg/ml) and MFC (125µg/ml) values observed in methanolic extracts of T. chebula dried fruits against A. fumigates and T. mentagrophytes. Our findings proved that methanolic extracts of T. chebula dried fruits were possessed substantial anticandidal and antifungal properties.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts","authors":"P. Venkatachalam, C. Chittibabu","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6499","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to investigate the anticandidal and antifungal potential of dried fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum gypseum. Phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts of T. chebula dried fruits showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. Among the tested four extracts, the methanol extracts of T. chebula dried fruits exhibited the highest antifungal activity and their inhibition zone was ranged between 7.5 to 19.5mm. MIC and MFC values were between 62.5-250μg/ml and 250-500μg/ml respectively. Zone of inhibition (19.5 mm), MIC (62.5µg/ml) and MFC (125µg/ml) values observed in methanolic extracts of T. chebula dried fruits against A. fumigates and T. mentagrophytes. Our findings proved that methanolic extracts of T. chebula dried fruits were possessed substantial anticandidal and antifungal properties.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84403293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6292
G. Venkatesan, P. Sharavanan
The diversity and distribution of micro fungal assemblages in the foliage leaf, bark and leaf litter tissues of the Couroupita guianensis sacred plant. For the host, we recorded 1005 fungal species isolates from 900 tissue segments. A total of 62 fungal species were isolated from foliar endophytes, phellophytes and leaf litter. The colonization frequency of the fungi species has been recorded as 111.66% from the endophytes, phellophytes and leaf tissues. The fungi species recovered in various groups included ascomycetes, coelomycetes, hyphomycetes, zygomycetes and sterile fungi. The number of fungal species is increased for the plant tissues, it showed that the species diversity is increasing. A correspondence analysis also showed that the fungal species assemblages were different from each type of tissue.
{"title":"Diversity and distribution of microfungi in foliage leaf, bark and leaf litter of Couroupita guianensis","authors":"G. Venkatesan, P. Sharavanan","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6292","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity and distribution of micro fungal assemblages in the foliage leaf, bark and leaf litter tissues of the Couroupita guianensis sacred plant. For the host, we recorded 1005 fungal species isolates from 900 tissue segments. A total of 62 fungal species were isolated from foliar endophytes, phellophytes and leaf litter. The colonization frequency of the fungi species has been recorded as 111.66% from the endophytes, phellophytes and leaf tissues. The fungi species recovered in various groups included ascomycetes, coelomycetes, hyphomycetes, zygomycetes and sterile fungi. The number of fungal species is increased for the plant tissues, it showed that the species diversity is increasing. A correspondence analysis also showed that the fungal species assemblages were different from each type of tissue.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90294263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6259
D. Mokat, S. Torawane, Y. Suryawanshi
In the present investigation chemical constituents of Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze and Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. (Family-Compositae) were studied by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These two weeds are small herbs and well known for its potent medicinal properties. Total 17 and 27 compounds were identified from C. purpurea and B. lacera respectively. The major constituents in both the extracts were pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (30.56 %), cis-phytol (21.26 %), α- cadinol (7.87 %), γ-cadinene (7.13 %), neophytadiene (3.81 %) and α-cubebene (1.82 %). GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, sesquiterpenoids, phenols, etc. in the acetone extracts of both the plants. The identified compounds have various biological activities.
{"title":"Chemical profiling of two aromatic weeds, Cyathocline purpurea and Blumea lacera","authors":"D. Mokat, S. Torawane, Y. Suryawanshi","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6259","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation chemical constituents of Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze and Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. (Family-Compositae) were studied by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These two weeds are small herbs and well known for its potent medicinal properties. Total 17 and 27 compounds were identified from C. purpurea and B. lacera respectively. The major constituents in both the extracts were pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (30.56 %), cis-phytol (21.26 %), α- cadinol (7.87 %), γ-cadinene (7.13 %), neophytadiene (3.81 %) and α-cubebene (1.82 %). GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, sesquiterpenoids, phenols, etc. in the acetone extracts of both the plants. The identified compounds have various biological activities.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84508558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6394
Temin Payum
Solanum spirale Roxb. is abundantly grown in eastern Himalayan regions. The shoot is used as a vegetable as well as medicine to control high blood pressure. The present study was carried out to profile the phytochemical compositions, mineral contents and proximate composition of the Solanum spirale shoot. GC-MS was used for the identification of phytochemicals and methods described in standard protocols were used to study minerals and proximate composition. A total of 40 phytochemicals were recorded from the ethanol extract. Mineral contents of the sample 0.115 (Fe), 0.07 (Mn), 0.015 (Cu), 0.040 (Zn), 2.25 (Mg), 3.08 (Na) and 16.7 (K) mg/g while proximate composition were 76.25± 0.093 % (moisture)3.82±0.26 % (Carbohydrate), 12.54±0.08% (Total ash), 0.39±0.98% (Crude protein), 6.12±1.07 % (Crude fibre), 0.37±0.07 % (Crude fat). (Z,Z)-6,9-Cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene occupied highest area percentage in TIC peak report with 24.55%, followed by Pentadecanoic acid with 18.81 percent, with Pentadecane with 9.99%, Hexadecanoicacid, Ethyl ester with 8.64%, (2E)(7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol with 7.75%. Useful phytocompounds related to health problems including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, increase zinc bioavailability, inhibit uric acid formation, antibacterial, anti-inflamatory, antioxidant etc. are major components and such findings advocate Solanum spirale as a nutraceutical herb.
{"title":"Proximate composition and GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of Solanum spirale Roxb.","authors":"Temin Payum","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6394","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum spirale Roxb. is abundantly grown in eastern Himalayan regions. The shoot is used as a vegetable as well as medicine to control high blood pressure. The present study was carried out to profile the phytochemical compositions, mineral contents and proximate composition of the Solanum spirale shoot. GC-MS was used for the identification of phytochemicals and methods described in standard protocols were used to study minerals and proximate composition. A total of 40 phytochemicals were recorded from the ethanol extract. Mineral contents of the sample 0.115 (Fe), 0.07 (Mn), 0.015 (Cu), 0.040 (Zn), 2.25 (Mg), 3.08 (Na) and 16.7 (K) mg/g while proximate composition were 76.25± 0.093 % (moisture)3.82±0.26 % (Carbohydrate), 12.54±0.08% (Total ash), 0.39±0.98% (Crude protein), 6.12±1.07 % (Crude fibre), 0.37±0.07 % (Crude fat). (Z,Z)-6,9-Cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene occupied highest area percentage in TIC peak report with 24.55%, followed by Pentadecanoic acid with 18.81 percent, with Pentadecane with 9.99%, Hexadecanoicacid, Ethyl ester with 8.64%, (2E)(7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol with 7.75%. Useful phytocompounds related to health problems including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, increase zinc bioavailability, inhibit uric acid formation, antibacterial, anti-inflamatory, antioxidant etc. are major components and such findings advocate Solanum spirale as a nutraceutical herb.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76267851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5987
G. Prabhakar, K. Shailaja, P. Kamalakar
Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A. Rich. (syn. Maerua arenaria, Niebhuria arenaria), commnoly known as “Bhoochakra Gadda.” in Telugu, ‘Hemkand’ in Hindi and ‘Bhumichakkarai’ in Tamil, belongs to the family Capparaceae. It is a low woody bushy under-shrub up to 4m long, branches glabrous, found in Indian subcontinent and Srilanka [1]. The leaves are simple, ovate, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, 3-4.5×2.3cm, scabrous, margin entire, base and apex obtuse, apex mucronate; petiole to 1 cm long. Racemes corymbose, 5-10cm; peduncle to 3cm; pedicel to 2 cm.Flowers 1.5cm across, greenishyellow in corymbs, rarely flowers solitary, axillary, mildly fragrant; bracts small, ovate; sepals 4, petaloid, united near base or up to onethird from base, calyxtube 3-8 mm long, lined by a tubular truncate disc, lobes ellipticoblong; petals 4, on cup-shaped disc, ovate-lanceolate to obovate; stamens 20-26; filaments subulate, to 2cm, greenish or white, brownish or purple on drying ;anthers oblong, 4 mm. Androphore equal to receptacle. Gynophores 1.5-2.5 cm long; ovary ovoid, 7mm cylindrical, stigma sessile. Berry moniliform, fleshy, to 12×2cm, elongate, twisted and deeply constricted between the seeds; seeds globose , 7×5mm, minutely echinate-tuberculate. Flower & Fruit: January to June [2-5]. (Figure 1a, b&c). The roots are used tonic and stimulant [6]. Micropropagation a liana of arid areas [7]. Pharmacognostical studies on the roots [8]. Evaluation of antipyretic activity of root extracts[9] Effect on alloxan induced diabetes in rats [10], a lupine triterpenoid [11], Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extract [12], In vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity [13], The roots are used to energy stimulant [14], The root bulb are given to cure diabetes [15], The leaves and bark anti emetic[16],The leaves are used rheumatism [17], The roots are used as aphrodisiac [18]. The tubers are used in fertility [19], Extraction, isolation and characterization [20], anti malaria, Insecticidal and Repellent Properties [21]. The root s are used Evil eye/luck [22], the roots are used to antiperiodic, diuretic, purgative, dropsy, urinary disorders, febrifuge, stomachic and diabetes [23], nithya pooja kona sacred groove [24]. Micro propagation [25], whole plant is fed as fodder to increase lactation [26]. In the present investigation the leaves are used to ethno medicinally, curing the fever.
{"title":"Macro and microscopic characters of Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A. Rich leaf","authors":"G. Prabhakar, K. Shailaja, P. Kamalakar","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5987","url":null,"abstract":"Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A. Rich. (syn. Maerua arenaria, Niebhuria arenaria), commnoly known as “Bhoochakra Gadda.” in Telugu, ‘Hemkand’ in Hindi and ‘Bhumichakkarai’ in Tamil, belongs to the family Capparaceae. It is a low woody bushy under-shrub up to 4m long, branches glabrous, found in Indian subcontinent and Srilanka [1]. The leaves are simple, ovate, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, 3-4.5×2.3cm, scabrous, margin entire, base and apex obtuse, apex mucronate; petiole to 1 cm long. Racemes corymbose, 5-10cm; peduncle to 3cm; pedicel to 2 cm.Flowers 1.5cm across, greenishyellow in corymbs, rarely flowers solitary, axillary, mildly fragrant; bracts small, ovate; sepals 4, petaloid, united near base or up to onethird from base, calyxtube 3-8 mm long, lined by a tubular truncate disc, lobes ellipticoblong; petals 4, on cup-shaped disc, ovate-lanceolate to obovate; stamens 20-26; filaments subulate, to 2cm, greenish or white, brownish or purple on drying ;anthers oblong, 4 mm. Androphore equal to receptacle. Gynophores 1.5-2.5 cm long; ovary ovoid, 7mm cylindrical, stigma sessile. Berry moniliform, fleshy, to 12×2cm, elongate, twisted and deeply constricted between the seeds; seeds globose , 7×5mm, minutely echinate-tuberculate. Flower & Fruit: January to June [2-5]. (Figure 1a, b&c). The roots are used tonic and stimulant [6]. Micropropagation a liana of arid areas [7]. Pharmacognostical studies on the roots [8]. Evaluation of antipyretic activity of root extracts[9] Effect on alloxan induced diabetes in rats [10], a lupine triterpenoid [11], Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extract [12], In vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity [13], The roots are used to energy stimulant [14], The root bulb are given to cure diabetes [15], The leaves and bark anti emetic[16],The leaves are used rheumatism [17], The roots are used as aphrodisiac [18]. The tubers are used in fertility [19], Extraction, isolation and characterization [20], anti malaria, Insecticidal and Repellent Properties [21]. The root s are used Evil eye/luck [22], the roots are used to antiperiodic, diuretic, purgative, dropsy, urinary disorders, febrifuge, stomachic and diabetes [23], nithya pooja kona sacred groove [24]. Micro propagation [25], whole plant is fed as fodder to increase lactation [26]. In the present investigation the leaves are used to ethno medicinally, curing the fever.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75252894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6392
K. Addam, Mounir Bou-Hamdan, Nisreen Sabbagh
Flora is an assembly of native plants in a bionetwork of a geographical area. Floral characteristics and plant biodiversity are very imperative for mankind because they support life in the biosphere at all probable spatial scales. They are of great prominence in local and global energy balance since they strongly impact soil properties and serve as wildlife habitat. They can flourish sometimes in biodiversity hotspots, which are earth’s most biologically rich yet vulnerable terrestrial regions [1]. Myers recognized the Mediterranean basin as one of the world’s “hotspots” comprising unique and high percentages of the world’s biodiversity in relatively small areas. Many reasons have been put forward to explicate such natural wealth, but for our purposes here, it is vital to recognize the outcomes of the geographic and climatic variations in the nature of the present biodiversity of the Mediterranean basin [2]. The Flora of the Mediterranean encompasses more than 25000 species of flowering plant, this is nearly 10% of all notorious flowering plant species on earth, although the land area of the basin is only 1.5% of the earth’s land surface [3]. The East Mediterranean, precisely the Levantine uplands [4] where Lebanon is included in this basin, is considered as one of the most stirring spots of conservation in the world. [5] In a fairly small land area, Lebanon embraces an extremely high level of biodiversity. By setting Lebanon in its universal context, the importance of this richness in its fauna and flora can be better valued. In fact, what can seem common at a local level can be highly scarce at global one [6]. The country makes up only 0.007% of the world land surface area but is a shelter to 1.11% of world plant species. Lebanon’s floral diversity is one of the premiers in the Mediterranean (more than 3150 plant species), a territory that is considered to be one of the most biologically diverse in the world. About 12% of plant species in Lebanon are endemic and this is measured as a high rate of endemism. Lebanon is also home to nine nature reserves, three biosphere reserves, one UNESCO World Heritage Site, and 15 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) recognized by Birdlife International [7][8]. This very rich and matchless biodiversity of Lebanon is chiefly due to its site in the far eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, mountainous topography (altitudinal diversity), and the great variety in its climatic conditions. This sundry topography gives rise to many microclimates, favorable to the occurrence of many plant and animal species and communities [9,10]. Geographically, Lebanon, a narrow strip of territory nearly 160 miles long and 20 to 50 miles wide, is a mountainous country situated on the eastern shore of the Sixteen new records for the flora of Lebanon
{"title":"Sixteen new records for the flora of Lebanon","authors":"K. Addam, Mounir Bou-Hamdan, Nisreen Sabbagh","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6392","url":null,"abstract":"Flora is an assembly of native plants in a bionetwork of a geographical area. Floral characteristics and plant biodiversity are very imperative for mankind because they support life in the biosphere at all probable spatial scales. They are of great prominence in local and global energy balance since they strongly impact soil properties and serve as wildlife habitat. They can flourish sometimes in biodiversity hotspots, which are earth’s most biologically rich yet vulnerable terrestrial regions [1]. Myers recognized the Mediterranean basin as one of the world’s “hotspots” comprising unique and high percentages of the world’s biodiversity in relatively small areas. Many reasons have been put forward to explicate such natural wealth, but for our purposes here, it is vital to recognize the outcomes of the geographic and climatic variations in the nature of the present biodiversity of the Mediterranean basin [2]. The Flora of the Mediterranean encompasses more than 25000 species of flowering plant, this is nearly 10% of all notorious flowering plant species on earth, although the land area of the basin is only 1.5% of the earth’s land surface [3]. The East Mediterranean, precisely the Levantine uplands [4] where Lebanon is included in this basin, is considered as one of the most stirring spots of conservation in the world. [5] In a fairly small land area, Lebanon embraces an extremely high level of biodiversity. By setting Lebanon in its universal context, the importance of this richness in its fauna and flora can be better valued. In fact, what can seem common at a local level can be highly scarce at global one [6]. The country makes up only 0.007% of the world land surface area but is a shelter to 1.11% of world plant species. Lebanon’s floral diversity is one of the premiers in the Mediterranean (more than 3150 plant species), a territory that is considered to be one of the most biologically diverse in the world. About 12% of plant species in Lebanon are endemic and this is measured as a high rate of endemism. Lebanon is also home to nine nature reserves, three biosphere reserves, one UNESCO World Heritage Site, and 15 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) recognized by Birdlife International [7][8]. This very rich and matchless biodiversity of Lebanon is chiefly due to its site in the far eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, mountainous topography (altitudinal diversity), and the great variety in its climatic conditions. This sundry topography gives rise to many microclimates, favorable to the occurrence of many plant and animal species and communities [9,10]. Geographically, Lebanon, a narrow strip of territory nearly 160 miles long and 20 to 50 miles wide, is a mountainous country situated on the eastern shore of the Sixteen new records for the flora of Lebanon","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80945251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5751
S. Ziaullah, Syed Asim, Aneesa Nayab, Asma Zahid
Soils with dissolved residual salts are known as salt affected soils. Salt stress has now turn a severe danger to crops development in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe due to excess evaporation and poor-rainfall,combined with piteous land and water governance methods [1]. The generic view was that salinizations happen mostly in all areas of the world [2]. Internationally, more than 800 million hectares of soil are impacted by alkalinity (397 million hectares) or sodium toxicity (434 million hectares) [3]. Salt concentrations more than 0.25 M affects corn crop and can inhibit development and trigger serious wilting [4]. Sodium was the primary hazardous ion which disrupts with potassium activity and therefore infuriates stomatal simulations exploit to severe evaporation and necrosis in maize [5]. Ultraosmotic stress as well as harmful impacts of sodium and chloride ions on seed germination in a salty area could prevent and limited germination [6] also the corn plants under saline stress noted with decrease chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids with a decrease in total photosynthetic activity [7]. Endophytes are described as microorganisms completely resident in cells of stem,roots or leafs of plants. Over one million fungal species are estimated to be found in distinct crops genera reflecting the hypervariety of endophytic fungi [8]. Endophytic fungi are one of the greatest suppliers of natural bioactive compounds that can be used in various fields, such as agriculture, healthcare and food technology [9, 10]. A number of endophytes were investigated in order to develop growth-promoting metabolites comparable to those generated by their host crops, but in greater amounts [11]. Many fungal-endophytes are noted to enhance crop production in several ecosystems, [12]. Many endophytes were studied to ascertain their capacity for producing bioactive products comparable to those generated by their host crops [13]. In several plants [14], symbiosotic endophytic pathogens have been observed to enhance plant growth. Auxins (IAA) and gibberellins (GA3, GA4 and GA7) were recorded to be produced IAA production and maize crop growth promoting potential of endophyte Aspergillus niger (AO11) under salt stress
{"title":"IAA production and maize crop growth promoting potential of endophyte Aspergillus niger (AO11) under salt stress","authors":"S. Ziaullah, Syed Asim, Aneesa Nayab, Asma Zahid","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.5751","url":null,"abstract":"Soils with dissolved residual salts are known as salt affected soils. Salt stress has now turn a severe danger to crops development in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe due to excess evaporation and poor-rainfall,combined with piteous land and water governance methods [1]. The generic view was that salinizations happen mostly in all areas of the world [2]. Internationally, more than 800 million hectares of soil are impacted by alkalinity (397 million hectares) or sodium toxicity (434 million hectares) [3]. Salt concentrations more than 0.25 M affects corn crop and can inhibit development and trigger serious wilting [4]. Sodium was the primary hazardous ion which disrupts with potassium activity and therefore infuriates stomatal simulations exploit to severe evaporation and necrosis in maize [5]. Ultraosmotic stress as well as harmful impacts of sodium and chloride ions on seed germination in a salty area could prevent and limited germination [6] also the corn plants under saline stress noted with decrease chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids with a decrease in total photosynthetic activity [7]. Endophytes are described as microorganisms completely resident in cells of stem,roots or leafs of plants. Over one million fungal species are estimated to be found in distinct crops genera reflecting the hypervariety of endophytic fungi [8]. Endophytic fungi are one of the greatest suppliers of natural bioactive compounds that can be used in various fields, such as agriculture, healthcare and food technology [9, 10]. A number of endophytes were investigated in order to develop growth-promoting metabolites comparable to those generated by their host crops, but in greater amounts [11]. Many fungal-endophytes are noted to enhance crop production in several ecosystems, [12]. Many endophytes were studied to ascertain their capacity for producing bioactive products comparable to those generated by their host crops [13]. In several plants [14], symbiosotic endophytic pathogens have been observed to enhance plant growth. Auxins (IAA) and gibberellins (GA3, GA4 and GA7) were recorded to be produced IAA production and maize crop growth promoting potential of endophyte Aspergillus niger (AO11) under salt stress","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82436180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-17DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6382
C. Chowdhury
Phytoplankton community of two tropical river estuaries of the North-east coast of India was different due to dissolved nutrients concentration in those estuarine waters. The first study site was the Saptamukhi river estuary which is located in the Indian Sundarban (inside mangrove forest) and the second study site was Mahanadi estuary located in Orissa coast (adjacent to industrial and coastal fishing zone). The Saptamukhi estuary was mostly devoid of any anthropogenic influence and here the nutrient source was auto-generated. In Mahanadi estuarine water, the source of the major nutrients was industrial effluent and fishing waste. The Saptamukhi estuarine water had less dissolved phosphorus concentration but huge dissolved nitrogen available for phytoplankton uptake. A sufficient amount of dissolved silicate encouraged the diatom growth over other phytoplankton groups here. Due to the availability of the high amount of dissolved phosphorus and the low amount of dissolved nitrogen in the Mahanadi estuary the phytoplankton community was a mixed population of Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae and seasonal Chlorophycean bloom observed during the study period. In both the estuarine water primary productivity was high but the community respiration was higher and the estuaries were heterotrophic. Monsoonal runoff from land considerably changed the community in both estuarine water. Dissolved silicate concentration in both the estuarine water was sufficient for Diatom growth. Dissolve inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphate ratio played a major role for the community change of phytoplankton in two estuarine waters.
{"title":"Comparison of phytoplankton community structure in two tropical estuaries of East Coast of India","authors":"C. Chowdhury","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6382","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton community of two tropical river estuaries of the North-east coast of India was different due to dissolved nutrients concentration in those estuarine waters. The first study site was the Saptamukhi river estuary which is located in the Indian Sundarban (inside mangrove forest) and the second study site was Mahanadi estuary located in Orissa coast (adjacent to industrial and coastal fishing zone). The Saptamukhi estuary was mostly devoid of any anthropogenic influence and here the nutrient source was auto-generated. In Mahanadi estuarine water, the source of the major nutrients was industrial effluent and fishing waste. The Saptamukhi estuarine water had less dissolved phosphorus concentration but huge dissolved nitrogen available for phytoplankton uptake. A sufficient amount of dissolved silicate encouraged the diatom growth over other phytoplankton groups here. Due to the availability of the high amount of dissolved phosphorus and the low amount of dissolved nitrogen in the Mahanadi estuary the phytoplankton community was a mixed population of Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae and seasonal Chlorophycean bloom observed during the study period. In both the estuarine water primary productivity was high but the community respiration was higher and the estuaries were heterotrophic. Monsoonal runoff from land considerably changed the community in both estuarine water. Dissolved silicate concentration in both the estuarine water was sufficient for Diatom growth. Dissolve inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphate ratio played a major role for the community change of phytoplankton in two estuarine waters.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76874670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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