Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6168
M. Mariraj, R. Kalidoss, K. Vinayaka, Sanjeeva Nayaka, P. Ponmurugan
The present study addresses the addition of one new fruticose lichen species for the first time to the state of Tamil Nadu in Western Ghats, India. Usnea dasaea Stirt. is a new occurrence in Tamil Nadu. Descriptions of identification keys and distributions of such new species in south India provide useful information for identification. The new species addition of such lichen was identified and deposited at lichen herbaria, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India and Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for further studies.
{"title":"Usnea dasaea, a further new addition to the Lichen Flora of Tamil Nadu State, India","authors":"M. Mariraj, R. Kalidoss, K. Vinayaka, Sanjeeva Nayaka, P. Ponmurugan","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6168","url":null,"abstract":"The present study addresses the addition of one new fruticose lichen species for the first time to the state of Tamil Nadu in Western Ghats, India. Usnea dasaea Stirt. is a new occurrence in Tamil Nadu. Descriptions of identification keys and distributions of such new species in south India provide useful information for identification. The new species addition of such lichen was identified and deposited at lichen herbaria, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India and Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for further studies.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"38 1","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76091209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6036
Neelofer Nabi, Seema Singh, Peer Saffeullah
Plants have been used invariably by humans since ages for food, medicines and various other day to day needs. However, increasing population and incessant human needs have put enormous pressure on these bio-resources and lead to their unprecedented depletion from nature. To address this problem, the tissue culture techniques have come to the rescue of depleting plants [1]. Plant tissue culture has been extensively used to boost the large scale micro-propagation of threatened medicinal plants [2]. This not only helps in large scale production of true-to-type plantlets but also helps to conserve rare and threatened plants.
{"title":"Callus induction and axillary shoot formation in Asparagus racemosus Willd.","authors":"Neelofer Nabi, Seema Singh, Peer Saffeullah","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6036","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have been used invariably by humans since ages for food, medicines and various other day to day needs. However, increasing population and incessant human needs have put enormous pressure on these bio-resources and lead to their unprecedented depletion from nature. To address this problem, the tissue culture techniques have come to the rescue of depleting plants [1]. Plant tissue culture has been extensively used to boost the large scale micro-propagation of threatened medicinal plants [2]. This not only helps in large scale production of true-to-type plantlets but also helps to conserve rare and threatened plants.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"58 1","pages":"148-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89334656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6296
S. Chakraborty, Dipalok Karmaker, Subroto K Das, Riyad Hossen
Phytoplanktons, also called microalgae, are microscopic photosynthetic living organisms that generally found in aquatic environments. Although they are considered as the most important primary producers and bioindicators of aquatic ecosystems, there was no previous report found for Barishal City about these tiny organisms. Consequently, the present study selected 10 freshwater reservoirs from the city to investigate phytoplankton communities and listed 110 taxa under 4 phyla, 7 classes, 18 orders, 24 families and 49 genera. The distribution of Chlorophytes was abundant relatively in terms of species number (45 taxa) followed by Euglenophytes, Chlorophytes and Cyanophytes in this area. Only Euglenaceae possessed one-third of the total species of this report. Among all stations, the highest number of taxa was recorded from station 2 and according to nine biodiversity indices, the station 2 and 9 showed comparatively good results. All of the recorded taxa were previously mentioned by different authors from Bangladesh.
{"title":"First report on phytoplankton communities of Barishal City, Bangladesh","authors":"S. Chakraborty, Dipalok Karmaker, Subroto K Das, Riyad Hossen","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6296","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplanktons, also called microalgae, are microscopic photosynthetic living organisms that generally found in aquatic environments. Although they are considered as the most important primary producers and bioindicators of aquatic ecosystems, there was no previous report found for Barishal City about these tiny organisms. Consequently, the present study selected 10 freshwater reservoirs from the city to investigate phytoplankton communities and listed 110 taxa under 4 phyla, 7 classes, 18 orders, 24 families and 49 genera. The distribution of Chlorophytes was abundant relatively in terms of species number (45 taxa) followed by Euglenophytes, Chlorophytes and Cyanophytes in this area. Only Euglenaceae possessed one-third of the total species of this report. Among all stations, the highest number of taxa was recorded from station 2 and according to nine biodiversity indices, the station 2 and 9 showed comparatively good results. All of the recorded taxa were previously mentioned by different authors from Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87313954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-05DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6223
G. G. Satpati, R. Pal
Marine seaweeds or macroalgae are the excellent source of bioactive compounds like proteins, vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fibres and essential fatty acids. These essential fatty acids include both the saturated and unsaturated form. The lipid content of marine macroalgae is very low (1-5%) but under stress conditions they produce up to 30-40% [1]. The fatty acids of marine macroalgae generally have linear chains and even number of carbon atoms with one or more double bonds [2]. Macroalgae have been studied for long for the production of wide range of natural chemicals like agar, agarose, carrageenan and alginates. However, they have never been looked for lipids, as energy resource [1]. Microalgae have been considered for high lipid and used for biodiesel application several times [3-6]. Stress induced changes in lipid and fatty acids profile have also been discussed for long [7-11]. But very few reports are available on macroalgal lipid and fatty acids [12-14]. The effect of nitrate and phosphates on lipidomic and other biochemical compositions of the macroalga Ulva lactuca were studied by Kumari et al. [15]. They investigated the changes in polar lipids, chlorophyll and protein content when they cultured the alga in artificial sea nutrient (ASW) medium supplemented with nitrate and phosphate. Biochemical composition of eighteen marine macroalgae belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta were studied from Okha coast, Gulf of Kutch, India [16]. They studied varied quantities of bioactive compounds like total lipid, protein, carbohydrate, phenol and amino acids. Seasonal variations in fatty acid compositions of 51 macroalgae were studied from Gulf of Mannar, Marine Biosphere Reserve of Southeast coast of India [17]. Comparative accounts of fatty acid compositions of three marine macroalgae were also studied from the coastal region of South India [18]. In our previous study we have reported the effect of nutrient and other abiotic stresses on growth and lipid accumulation in Rhizoclonium africanum [13]. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, EDTA and sodium chloride on biomass and lipid accumulation of Chaetomorpha aerea
{"title":"Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, EDTA and sodium chloride on biomass and lipid accumulation of Chaetomorpha aerea","authors":"G. G. Satpati, R. Pal","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6223","url":null,"abstract":"Marine seaweeds or macroalgae are the excellent source of bioactive compounds like proteins, vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fibres and essential fatty acids. These essential fatty acids include both the saturated and unsaturated form. The lipid content of marine macroalgae is very low (1-5%) but under stress conditions they produce up to 30-40% [1]. The fatty acids of marine macroalgae generally have linear chains and even number of carbon atoms with one or more double bonds [2]. Macroalgae have been studied for long for the production of wide range of natural chemicals like agar, agarose, carrageenan and alginates. However, they have never been looked for lipids, as energy resource [1]. Microalgae have been considered for high lipid and used for biodiesel application several times [3-6]. Stress induced changes in lipid and fatty acids profile have also been discussed for long [7-11]. But very few reports are available on macroalgal lipid and fatty acids [12-14]. The effect of nitrate and phosphates on lipidomic and other biochemical compositions of the macroalga Ulva lactuca were studied by Kumari et al. [15]. They investigated the changes in polar lipids, chlorophyll and protein content when they cultured the alga in artificial sea nutrient (ASW) medium supplemented with nitrate and phosphate. Biochemical composition of eighteen marine macroalgae belonging to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta were studied from Okha coast, Gulf of Kutch, India [16]. They studied varied quantities of bioactive compounds like total lipid, protein, carbohydrate, phenol and amino acids. Seasonal variations in fatty acid compositions of 51 macroalgae were studied from Gulf of Mannar, Marine Biosphere Reserve of Southeast coast of India [17]. Comparative accounts of fatty acid compositions of three marine macroalgae were also studied from the coastal region of South India [18]. In our previous study we have reported the effect of nutrient and other abiotic stresses on growth and lipid accumulation in Rhizoclonium africanum [13]. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, EDTA and sodium chloride on biomass and lipid accumulation of Chaetomorpha aerea","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"64 1","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74372725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6068
B. Kelly, A. Kouyaté
From the family of Leguminosae/Fabaceae, Parkia biglobosa is a forest tree species frequent in agroforestry parklands of the sudanian and sudano-guinean savannah. The species is present in up to 20 African countries from Senegal in the West to Uganda in the East [1]. It is a useful multi-purposes tree species in Sub-Saharan Africa [2], offering food, medicine, and income to rural population and contributing to fight poverty [3]. The main product of this species called “soumbala” or “dawadawa”, produced from fermented seeds, is a particularly appreciated and widely used spice in Africa, rich in proteins and containing lipids, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins and mineral compounds [4, 5, 6].
{"title":"Parkia biglobosa (Nere)-A threatened useful tree species: Directory of sanitary constraints according to north-south climatic gradient in Mali","authors":"B. Kelly, A. Kouyaté","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6068","url":null,"abstract":"From the family of Leguminosae/Fabaceae, Parkia biglobosa is a forest tree species frequent in agroforestry parklands of the sudanian and sudano-guinean savannah. The species is present in up to 20 African countries from Senegal in the West to Uganda in the East [1]. It is a useful multi-purposes tree species in Sub-Saharan Africa [2], offering food, medicine, and income to rural population and contributing to fight poverty [3]. The main product of this species called “soumbala” or “dawadawa”, produced from fermented seeds, is a particularly appreciated and widely used spice in Africa, rich in proteins and containing lipids, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins and mineral compounds [4, 5, 6].","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"69 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81374238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-27DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6303
Nur Rahmattullah, Ramya Khrisnamurty, K. Senthil, E. L. Arumingtyas
Pepper (Capsicum sp.) is an economically important crop belonging to the Solanaceae family. The genus Capsicum has five domesticated species (C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. pubescence, and C. baccatum) of which C. annuum and C. frutescens the two most widely cultivated species worldwide [1,2]. Besides, C. frutescens consists of many cultivars but Cakra Hijau is one of which has been popular to be planted in Indonesia by the high resistance of several pests, as well as air and insect-borne diseases [3]. However, the systematic position of that cultivar remains in doubt, and information available based on the previous statement is confined only in morphological and agronomic traits which leads to the C. frutescens belonging cultivar. In aftermath of lack of database, it may enable the plant breeders who intend to produce a distinct breed from two cultivars in one species yet prevention of gene flow among species may happen to offspring sterility [4].
辣椒(Capsicum sp.)是茄科重要的经济作物。辣椒属有5个驯化种(C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. pubescence和C. bacaccatum)，其中C. annuum和C. frutescens是世界上栽培最广泛的两个种[1,2]。此外，C. frutescens由许多品种组成，其中Cakra Hijau是印度尼西亚流行种植的品种之一，因为它对几种害虫以及空气和虫媒疾病具有很高的抗性[3]。然而，该品种的系统地位仍然存在疑问，并且基于上述陈述的现有信息仅局限于形态和农艺性状，这导致了该品种的归属。由于缺乏数据库，这可能使植物育种者在一个物种的两个栽培品种中产生不同的品种，但可能会发生防止物种间基因流动的情况，从而导致后代不育[4]。
{"title":"Studies on genetic variability of Capsicum frutescens var. Cakra Hijau induced by ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) using SSR marker","authors":"Nur Rahmattullah, Ramya Khrisnamurty, K. Senthil, E. L. Arumingtyas","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6303","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper (Capsicum sp.) is an economically important crop belonging to the Solanaceae family. The genus Capsicum has five domesticated species (C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. pubescence, and C. baccatum) of which C. annuum and C. frutescens the two most widely cultivated species worldwide [1,2]. Besides, C. frutescens consists of many cultivars but Cakra Hijau is one of which has been popular to be planted in Indonesia by the high resistance of several pests, as well as air and insect-borne diseases [3]. However, the systematic position of that cultivar remains in doubt, and information available based on the previous statement is confined only in morphological and agronomic traits which leads to the C. frutescens belonging cultivar. In aftermath of lack of database, it may enable the plant breeders who intend to produce a distinct breed from two cultivars in one species yet prevention of gene flow among species may happen to offspring sterility [4].","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"99 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88960280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6161
Renubala Sharma, S. Shukla
Blast is one of the most common disease of the Rice crop caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Blast of Rice is a recurrent problem of Rice producing countries declines productivity drastically. Mycelium growth and sporulation of P. oryzae is depend upon many factors i.e. humidity, temperature, availability of nutrients etc. Like other fungi P. oryzae also requires some nutrients in very minute quantity for their physiological and metabolic activities. Regulating these micronutrients or trace elements we can control the growth and spore production in P. oryzae. In this paper, we studied effect of four trace elements i.e. Zinc (Zn), Boron (B), Magnesium (Mg) and Copper (Cu) on growth and sporulation of P. oryzae. Zinc, Boron and Copper are most effective and promote growth and sporulation at 2 ppm (parts per million) concentration when we increased concentration of these elements in the medium, growth and sporulation decreased .On the other hand less growth and sporulation reported in the absence of Magnesium. Minute quantity of Magnesium is required for optimum growth i.e. 2 ppm. after this increasing concentration of Magnesium is not significant.
{"title":"Effect of trace elements Zn, B, Mg and Cu on the growth and sporulation of Pyricularia oryzae, the causal organism of blast disease of rice","authors":"Renubala Sharma, S. Shukla","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6161","url":null,"abstract":"Blast is one of the most common disease of the Rice crop caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Blast of Rice is a recurrent problem of Rice producing countries declines productivity drastically. Mycelium growth and sporulation of P. oryzae is depend upon many factors i.e. humidity, temperature, availability of nutrients etc. Like other fungi P. oryzae also requires some nutrients in very minute quantity for their physiological and metabolic activities. Regulating these micronutrients or trace elements we can control the growth and spore production in P. oryzae. In this paper, we studied effect of four trace elements i.e. Zinc (Zn), Boron (B), Magnesium (Mg) and Copper (Cu) on growth and sporulation of P. oryzae. Zinc, Boron and Copper are most effective and promote growth and sporulation at 2 ppm (parts per million) concentration when we increased concentration of these elements in the medium, growth and sporulation decreased .On the other hand less growth and sporulation reported in the absence of Magnesium. Minute quantity of Magnesium is required for optimum growth i.e. 2 ppm. after this increasing concentration of Magnesium is not significant.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74141867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6182
B. Malik, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a serious environmental problem as it affects the food production by interfering plant growth and development, thus declines the production yield. In the present research work, Cichorium intybus L. plants were subjected to different concentrations of Pb (0, 100, 200 and 300μM) upto 46days to determine the oxidative stress. The length of root and shoot, accumulation of biomass were estimated along with the changes in biomarkers (H2O2 and TBARS). Further proteomic analysis of chicory leaves (46days old) at 300μM Pb concentration was done to identify the proteins of interest. The root growth increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner however; shoot growth, biomass accumulation declined significantly with Pb stress compared to control. Changes in biomarkers (H2O2 and TBARS) content elevated with the increment in the concentration of metal treatment but exhibited a gradual decline at 300μM Pb treatment. Proteomics data of 46days old chicory plants under 300 μM Pb stress analyzed by PDQuest software detected approximately 168 protein spots on each gel and 81 spots were differentially expressed in which 16 were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. The present study suggested that chicory possess a strong antioxidative defense system to combat Pb stress and thus could be explored for cultivation in Pb contaminated soils.
{"title":"Lead induced changes in biomarkers and proteome map of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)","authors":"B. Malik, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6182","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) toxicity is a serious environmental problem as it affects the food production by interfering plant growth and development, thus declines the production yield. In the present research work, Cichorium intybus L. plants were subjected to different concentrations of Pb (0, 100, 200 and 300μM) upto 46days to determine the oxidative stress. The length of root and shoot, accumulation of biomass were estimated along with the changes in biomarkers (H2O2 and TBARS). Further proteomic analysis of chicory leaves (46days old) at 300μM Pb concentration was done to identify the proteins of interest. The root growth increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner however; shoot growth, biomass accumulation declined significantly with Pb stress compared to control. Changes in biomarkers (H2O2 and TBARS) content elevated with the increment in the concentration of metal treatment but exhibited a gradual decline at 300μM Pb treatment. Proteomics data of 46days old chicory plants under 300 μM Pb stress analyzed by PDQuest software detected approximately 168 protein spots on each gel and 81 spots were differentially expressed in which 16 were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. The present study suggested that chicory possess a strong antioxidative defense system to combat Pb stress and thus could be explored for cultivation in Pb contaminated soils.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"22 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72553202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6100
Maysoun M. Saleh
Ancient wheats are progressively more considered as valuable resources for genes of interest especially in organic and health food markets which could be introduced into cultivated varieties. Better evaluation of primitive wheats that symbolize a valuable genetic resource may provide breeders with important sources for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum) is one of the most ancient of cultivated cereals, makes good bread, higher in fiber than common wheat, emmer is used is for making pasta and bread, with no need at all to use pesticides during growing season, grow in severe environments and minor lands, resistance to Septroria leaf blotch and resistance to Russian wheat aphid and Green bug. Persian wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum) described with many favorable characters, like being a good resistant species to stem rust and powdery mildew, plants have more tillers with good productivity, low temperature tolerant and pre-harvest budding and fairly resistant to fungus diseases. Polish wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum) were used for bread making as many forms having grains with high protein content (27%), and it is a great source for high yielding wheat varieties characterized by plump grain, and could be used in genetic bio-fortification of durum wheat and common wheat. Lack of scientific researches and facilities to produce and marketing, in addition to concentrating on new varieties are considered as limitation factors of expanding these species. For better adaptation to climate change and for future food security, it is highly recommended to improve utilization and sustainable use of targeted species and cooperation between scientists and researcher on the national and international levels. This review is an attempt to highlight the value of targeted species with general information about classification, origin and distribution, importance domestication, characterization and conservation, traditional breeding and role of each of molecular biology, tissue culture and mutation in exploiting genetic variation in targeted species.
{"title":"Stress breeding of neglected tetraploid primitive wheat (Triticum dicoccum, Triticum carthlicum and Triticum polonicum)","authors":"Maysoun M. Saleh","doi":"10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6100","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient wheats are progressively more considered as valuable resources for genes of interest especially in organic and health food markets which could be introduced into cultivated varieties. Better evaluation of primitive wheats that symbolize a valuable genetic resource may provide breeders with important sources for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum) is one of the most ancient of cultivated cereals, makes good bread, higher in fiber than common wheat, emmer is used is for making pasta and bread, with no need at all to use pesticides during growing season, grow in severe environments and minor lands, resistance to Septroria leaf blotch and resistance to Russian wheat aphid and Green bug. Persian wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. carthlicum) described with many favorable characters, like being a good resistant species to stem rust and powdery mildew, plants have more tillers with good productivity, low temperature tolerant and pre-harvest budding and fairly resistant to fungus diseases. Polish wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum) were used for bread making as many forms having grains with high protein content (27%), and it is a great source for high yielding wheat varieties characterized by plump grain, and could be used in genetic bio-fortification of durum wheat and common wheat. Lack of scientific researches and facilities to produce and marketing, in addition to concentrating on new varieties are considered as limitation factors of expanding these species. For better adaptation to climate change and for future food security, it is highly recommended to improve utilization and sustainable use of targeted species and cooperation between scientists and researcher on the national and international levels. This review is an attempt to highlight the value of targeted species with general information about classification, origin and distribution, importance domestication, characterization and conservation, traditional breeding and role of each of molecular biology, tissue culture and mutation in exploiting genetic variation in targeted species.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"23 1","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80121958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6141
G. Ashwathy, K. Krishnakumar
Sida (Family: Malvaceae) belongs to the genus of flowering plants that possess high medicinal value and is used traditionally in almost all parts of the world. There were about 18 species reported from the state of Kerala (India). Among these, some are with taxonomic controversies. Hence micro-morphological characters of leaves such as trichomes can be used as a taxonomic tool for the identification of plants. Their type, presence, absence and distribution are important diagnostic characters in plant identification and plant taxonomy. Plant samples were collected from different localities of Kerala. Foliar epidermal studies were carried out in order to identify the diversity and distribution of trichomes in the selected species of Sida viz., S. acuta, S. alnifolia, S. beddomei, S. cordata, S. cordifolia, S. fryxelli, S. ravii, S. rhombifolia and S. rhomboidea. Six types of trichomes were identified; they were stellate, conical, forked, capitate (short stalked), uniseriate multicellular and peltate. Stellate trichomes were observed in all the species. Conical trichomes were observed in S. beddomei, S cordata and S. fryxelli. Forked trichome was observed in S. acuta, S. cordata, S. cordifolia, S. ravii, S. rhombifolia and S. rhomboidea. Capitate (short stalked) trichomes were observed in S. acuta, S. alnifolia, S. rhombifolia and S. rhomboidea. Uniseriate multicellular trichomes were observed in S. cordifolia, S. fryxelli and S. ravii. Peltate trichomes are observed in all species except S. beddomei, S. cordifolia and S. fryxelli. However, these species could be easily distinguished by their conical trichomes. A bracketed dichotomous key was prepared for the identification of the species considered for the study.
石竹属(锦葵科)是一种有花植物属，具有很高的药用价值，在世界上几乎所有地区都有使用。在印度喀拉拉邦报告了18种。其中，有些是有分类学争议的。因此，叶片的微形态特征，如毛状体，可以作为植物鉴别的分类工具。它们的类型、有无和分布是植物鉴定和植物分类的重要诊断特征。植物样本采集于喀拉拉邦不同地区。为了确定毛状体的多样性和分布特征，对不同植物(Sida viz.， S. acuta, S. alnifolia, S. beddomei, S. cordata, S. cordifolia, S. fryxelli, S. ravii, S. rhombiolia, S. rhomboidea)进行了叶表皮研究。鉴定出6种毛状体;它们是星状，圆锥形，分叉，头状(短柄)，单列多细胞和盾状。在所有物种中均观察到星状毛状体。家蝇、草蝇和雪蝇的毛呈圆锥形。针叶金针花、山茱萸、堇叶金针花、金针花、菱形金针花和菱形金针花的毛具呈分叉状。针叶花、金叶花、菱形花和菱形花的毛状花序均为头状(短柄)。堇叶葡萄球菌、弗里克斯葡萄球菌和拉氏葡萄球菌均有单株多细胞毛状体。在所有物种中均可见到盾状毛状体，除了S. beddomei, S. cordifolia和S. fryxelli。然而，这些物种可以很容易地通过它们的圆锥形毛来区分。为研究中考虑的物种的识别准备了一个带括号的二分键。
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