Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2021.1880019
C. Gireesh, R. Sundaram, Siddaiah M. Anantha, M. Pandey, M. Madhav, S. Rathod, K. R. Yathish, P. Senguttuvel, Barbadikar M. Kalyani, Ellur Ranjith, Lella Venkata Subbarao, Tapan Kumar Mondal, M. Swamy, S. Rakshit
Abstract Development of mapping population is a prerequisite for genetic dissection of genomic regions underlying complex traits. Nested Association Mapping (NAM) is an integrated multi-parent population approach that combines the advantages of linkage mapping and association mapping for high resolution and high-power mapping of complex traits. The NAM population is constituent of independent RIL populations derived from crossing several diverse donor parents with a common founder parent. The first NAM population was developed in maize and later on in several crops like barley, sorghum, wheat, rice, soybean, etc. This review provides an overview of NAM population development, its features, advantages over the other mapping populations, availability of high density genotyping platforms, key considerations for their development, applications and future prospects. We propose that the recent high-throughput analytical tools including high-end genotyping will accelerate utilization of NAM population for prediction of genomic estimated breeding value and genomic assisted selection in crop improvement program.
{"title":"Nested Association Mapping (NAM) Populations: Present Status and Future Prospects in the Genomics Era","authors":"C. Gireesh, R. Sundaram, Siddaiah M. Anantha, M. Pandey, M. Madhav, S. Rathod, K. R. Yathish, P. Senguttuvel, Barbadikar M. Kalyani, Ellur Ranjith, Lella Venkata Subbarao, Tapan Kumar Mondal, M. Swamy, S. Rakshit","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2021.1880019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2021.1880019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Development of mapping population is a prerequisite for genetic dissection of genomic regions underlying complex traits. Nested Association Mapping (NAM) is an integrated multi-parent population approach that combines the advantages of linkage mapping and association mapping for high resolution and high-power mapping of complex traits. The NAM population is constituent of independent RIL populations derived from crossing several diverse donor parents with a common founder parent. The first NAM population was developed in maize and later on in several crops like barley, sorghum, wheat, rice, soybean, etc. This review provides an overview of NAM population development, its features, advantages over the other mapping populations, availability of high density genotyping platforms, key considerations for their development, applications and future prospects. We propose that the recent high-throughput analytical tools including high-end genotyping will accelerate utilization of NAM population for prediction of genomic estimated breeding value and genomic assisted selection in crop improvement program.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2021.1880019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1857602
Xiao Han, Yi Lin, Xin-Qi Gao, Xiu-Ling Wang
Abstract Noncoding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues via diverse manners. Splicing factors are critical for precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) splicing and alternative splicing. Strikingly, over the past few years, an increasing number of studies demonstrated that splicing factors couple splicing to other processes, such as ncRNA biogenesis, nuclear retention, and cytoplasmic export of various RNAs, and even translation. Here, we review the current status of the noncanonical functions of splicing factors in the ncRNAs processing, retention and export of RNAs, and translation in plants.
{"title":"Non-Canonical Functions of Splicing Factors in RNA Metabolism","authors":"Xiao Han, Yi Lin, Xin-Qi Gao, Xiu-Ling Wang","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1857602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1857602","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Noncoding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues via diverse manners. Splicing factors are critical for precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) splicing and alternative splicing. Strikingly, over the past few years, an increasing number of studies demonstrated that splicing factors couple splicing to other processes, such as ncRNA biogenesis, nuclear retention, and cytoplasmic export of various RNAs, and even translation. Here, we review the current status of the noncanonical functions of splicing factors in the ncRNAs processing, retention and export of RNAs, and translation in plants.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1857602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42240871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1848277
G. Jaganathan, S. Dalrymple, H. Pritchard
Abstract In alpine ecosystems, imbibed seeds are often exposed to temperatures as low as −35 °C, challenging their survival in the soil. Here, we show that seeds have mechanisms to survive cold climate prevalent in alpine ecosystems and have identified three such mechanisms from existing literature, including two forms of freezing avoidance (the presence of water impermeable seed coats, and the supercooling of seed tissues) and one form of freezing tolerance (by extracellular-freezing). Experimentally-derived published data on the lowest temperature recorded at which 50% of a seed sample survived (i.e., lethal temperature; LT50) was used to generate a dataset of 24 species across low altitude, boreal and alpine environments. We assumed that the ability of seeds to maintain viability at very low temperatures would increase in species associated with higher altitudes conferring a competitive advantage that would be lost under projected climate change. However, our results reveal to underpin that seeds from boreal species survive relatively better at lower temperatures than those of alpine species. Paradoxically, a warming climate could lead to alpine seed death due to extremes of cold at the soil surface resulting from snow cover loss, whilst the declining snow cover may facilitate boreal forest colonization above the current treeline.
{"title":"Seed Survival at Low Temperatures: A Potential Selecting Factor Influencing Community Level Changes in High Altitudes under Climate Change","authors":"G. Jaganathan, S. Dalrymple, H. Pritchard","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1848277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1848277","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In alpine ecosystems, imbibed seeds are often exposed to temperatures as low as −35 °C, challenging their survival in the soil. Here, we show that seeds have mechanisms to survive cold climate prevalent in alpine ecosystems and have identified three such mechanisms from existing literature, including two forms of freezing avoidance (the presence of water impermeable seed coats, and the supercooling of seed tissues) and one form of freezing tolerance (by extracellular-freezing). Experimentally-derived published data on the lowest temperature recorded at which 50% of a seed sample survived (i.e., lethal temperature; LT50) was used to generate a dataset of 24 species across low altitude, boreal and alpine environments. We assumed that the ability of seeds to maintain viability at very low temperatures would increase in species associated with higher altitudes conferring a competitive advantage that would be lost under projected climate change. However, our results reveal to underpin that seeds from boreal species survive relatively better at lower temperatures than those of alpine species. Paradoxically, a warming climate could lead to alpine seed death due to extremes of cold at the soil surface resulting from snow cover loss, whilst the declining snow cover may facilitate boreal forest colonization above the current treeline.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1848277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1830232
T. Ali
Abstract Phylogeography and landscape genetics combines molecular genetics with geography, ecology, and evolutionary biology to develop an understanding of patterns in the spatial distributions of biological diversity. The two disciplines bring together advanced molecular and geospatial tools providing a critical insight on issues that are vital to the field of biogeography, including how and where biodiversity arises, how species respond to changing climates, and how and where conservation efforts should be focused. Although two fields can be considered as merely the fusion of classic biogeography with genetics and genomics, yet both differ in their level of spatial, temporal and system scales along with analytical tools utilized. At the same time, the unique combination of different scientific disciplines and methodical approaches pose a challenge to many researchers who wish to conduct a study at the interface of phylogeography and landscape genetics. A synthesis of the phylogeographic literature presented in this review solely based on the examination of studies that deals with Quaternary climatic oscillations and species’ range dynamics across the Palearctic. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the conceptual framework and recent methodological advances in two disciplines and highlights main points to be taken into account while designing a study that represents a window to the past and an opportunity to predict the fate of species due to ongoing climatic and landscape change.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework for Designing Phylogeography and Landscape Genetic Studies","authors":"T. Ali","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1830232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1830232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phylogeography and landscape genetics combines molecular genetics with geography, ecology, and evolutionary biology to develop an understanding of patterns in the spatial distributions of biological diversity. The two disciplines bring together advanced molecular and geospatial tools providing a critical insight on issues that are vital to the field of biogeography, including how and where biodiversity arises, how species respond to changing climates, and how and where conservation efforts should be focused. Although two fields can be considered as merely the fusion of classic biogeography with genetics and genomics, yet both differ in their level of spatial, temporal and system scales along with analytical tools utilized. At the same time, the unique combination of different scientific disciplines and methodical approaches pose a challenge to many researchers who wish to conduct a study at the interface of phylogeography and landscape genetics. A synthesis of the phylogeographic literature presented in this review solely based on the examination of studies that deals with Quaternary climatic oscillations and species’ range dynamics across the Palearctic. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the conceptual framework and recent methodological advances in two disciplines and highlights main points to be taken into account while designing a study that represents a window to the past and an opportunity to predict the fate of species due to ongoing climatic and landscape change.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1830232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1820203
Daniela Barro-Trastoy, Maria Dolores Gomez, P. Tornero, M. Perez-Amador
Abstract This review focuses on the hormonal regulation of ovule development, especially on ovule initiation, patterning, and morphogenesis. Understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of ovule development is essential from both the scientific and economic perspective. The ovule represents an attractive system to study lateral organ development in plants, and, since ovules are the precursors of seeds, full comprehension of this process can be the key to the improvement of crops, especially those depending on high production of seeds and grains. Ovule initiation, patterning, and morphogenesis are governed by complex genetic and hormonal networks involving auxins, cytokinins, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins. These coordinate the determination of the ovule number, size, and shape through the regulation of the number of ovule primordia that arise from the placenta and/or ensuring their correct development into mature functional ovules. Here we summarize the current knowledge of how ovules are formed, paying special attention to the roles of these four plant hormones.
{"title":"On the Way to Ovules: The Hormonal Regulation of Ovule Development","authors":"Daniela Barro-Trastoy, Maria Dolores Gomez, P. Tornero, M. Perez-Amador","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1820203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1820203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review focuses on the hormonal regulation of ovule development, especially on ovule initiation, patterning, and morphogenesis. Understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of ovule development is essential from both the scientific and economic perspective. The ovule represents an attractive system to study lateral organ development in plants, and, since ovules are the precursors of seeds, full comprehension of this process can be the key to the improvement of crops, especially those depending on high production of seeds and grains. Ovule initiation, patterning, and morphogenesis are governed by complex genetic and hormonal networks involving auxins, cytokinins, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins. These coordinate the determination of the ovule number, size, and shape through the regulation of the number of ovule primordia that arise from the placenta and/or ensuring their correct development into mature functional ovules. Here we summarize the current knowledge of how ovules are formed, paying special attention to the roles of these four plant hormones.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1820203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1813922
Yuqing Yang, Hao Liu, Xiaojuan Li, Xiaohua Wang
Abstract Membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) differ from cytosolic transcription factors (TFs) and they innately bind to membranes. Under external stimuli, MTFs are released from various membranes, convert into the active form, and are transported into the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Therefore, unlike most TFs, MTFs go through the unique process of transitioning from the membrane to intracellular regions. There are two typical mechanisms during this period: proteolytic processing and alternative splicing. However, other activation schemes have also recently emerged. To further understand these mechanisms, it is essential to study how MTFs transport within the cell and into the nucleus. Imaging techniques with high spatiotemporal resolution can partially resolve this process but new methods are required for future studies. In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of plant MTFs, including their identification, specific localization, and the difficulties in studying their cellular dynamics. We also discuss molecular mechanisms of MTF release and advanced methods, such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, single-particle tracking, and photoactivated localization microscopy, to further reveal their intracellular movement in living cells.
{"title":"Intracellular Trafficking and Imaging Methods of Membrane-Bound Transcription Factors in Plants","authors":"Yuqing Yang, Hao Liu, Xiaojuan Li, Xiaohua Wang","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1813922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1813922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) differ from cytosolic transcription factors (TFs) and they innately bind to membranes. Under external stimuli, MTFs are released from various membranes, convert into the active form, and are transported into the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Therefore, unlike most TFs, MTFs go through the unique process of transitioning from the membrane to intracellular regions. There are two typical mechanisms during this period: proteolytic processing and alternative splicing. However, other activation schemes have also recently emerged. To further understand these mechanisms, it is essential to study how MTFs transport within the cell and into the nucleus. Imaging techniques with high spatiotemporal resolution can partially resolve this process but new methods are required for future studies. In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of plant MTFs, including their identification, specific localization, and the difficulties in studying their cellular dynamics. We also discuss molecular mechanisms of MTF release and advanced methods, such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, single-particle tracking, and photoactivated localization microscopy, to further reveal their intracellular movement in living cells.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1813922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47277653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1810970
M. Moniruzzaman, Y. Zhong, Huaxue Yan, Lv Yuanda, B. Jiang, G. Zhong
Abstract Susceptible (S) genes are those plant genes that facilitate pathogen infection and disease. The loss of function of these genes primarily interrupts the growth and development of invading pathogens and thus makes plants resistant. The S-gene-targeted resistance may produce durable immunity in plants. Because, S gene-based resistance is derived from the inactivation of a host factor required for the survival of a pathogen in the host. To bypass the S gene-based resistance, a parasitic pathogen must evolve and develop the same or similar functions provided naturally by its host factors, which is far more difficult or even may be impossible. However, it is critical to identify and target the appropriate S gene(s) aiming to gain resistant capacity against a particular disease, because S genes may be pathogen-specific in many cases. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has shown great potential in manipulating S genes in plants. The CRISPR-TSKO (CRISPR-based tissue-specific knock-out) tool kit can provide an understanding of the exact function of an individual gene in a tissue and developmental stage-specific manner while also producing a heritable mutant allele. In this review, candidate S genes have been summarized for CRISPR-TSKO mediated tissue-specific gene knockdown to enhance host resistance.
{"title":"Exploration of Susceptible Genes with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats–Tissue-Specific Knockout (CRISPR-TSKO) to Enhance Host Resistance","authors":"M. Moniruzzaman, Y. Zhong, Huaxue Yan, Lv Yuanda, B. Jiang, G. Zhong","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1810970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1810970","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Susceptible (S) genes are those plant genes that facilitate pathogen infection and disease. The loss of function of these genes primarily interrupts the growth and development of invading pathogens and thus makes plants resistant. The S-gene-targeted resistance may produce durable immunity in plants. Because, S gene-based resistance is derived from the inactivation of a host factor required for the survival of a pathogen in the host. To bypass the S gene-based resistance, a parasitic pathogen must evolve and develop the same or similar functions provided naturally by its host factors, which is far more difficult or even may be impossible. However, it is critical to identify and target the appropriate S gene(s) aiming to gain resistant capacity against a particular disease, because S genes may be pathogen-specific in many cases. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has shown great potential in manipulating S genes in plants. The CRISPR-TSKO (CRISPR-based tissue-specific knock-out) tool kit can provide an understanding of the exact function of an individual gene in a tissue and developmental stage-specific manner while also producing a heritable mutant allele. In this review, candidate S genes have been summarized for CRISPR-TSKO mediated tissue-specific gene knockdown to enhance host resistance.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1810970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1792179
T. Sterckeman, S. Thomine
Abstract Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal, which is highly toxic to nearly all living organisms. Soil pollution causes Cd contamination of crops, thereby rendering plant products responsible for the chronic low level Cd over-exposure of numerous populations in the world. For this reason, Cd accumulation in plants has been studied for about five decades now. The research first focused on the relationships between plant and soil Cd levels, on the factors of the metal availability in soil, as well as the root uptake processes. Cd distribution in plant organs was also investigated, first using a macroscopic and eco-physiological approach, and then with the help of molecular biology tools, at both tissue and cell scales. Cadmium has no biological function and hijacks the transport pathways of micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, or Zn, in order to enter the plant through the roots and be distributed to all its organs. The study of the genes that control the influx and efflux of the Cd2+ ion in the cytosol, vacuoles, and vascular tissues has significantly contributed to the understanding of the metal root uptake and of its transfer to the aerial parts. However, the mechanisms responsible for its distribution to the different above-ground tissues and specially to fruits and seeds have yet to be clarified. This review summarizes current knowledge in order to present a detailed overview of Cd transport and storage, from the rhizosphere to the different organs and tissues of the plant.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Cadmium Accumulation in Plants","authors":"T. Sterckeman, S. Thomine","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1792179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1792179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal, which is highly toxic to nearly all living organisms. Soil pollution causes Cd contamination of crops, thereby rendering plant products responsible for the chronic low level Cd over-exposure of numerous populations in the world. For this reason, Cd accumulation in plants has been studied for about five decades now. The research first focused on the relationships between plant and soil Cd levels, on the factors of the metal availability in soil, as well as the root uptake processes. Cd distribution in plant organs was also investigated, first using a macroscopic and eco-physiological approach, and then with the help of molecular biology tools, at both tissue and cell scales. Cadmium has no biological function and hijacks the transport pathways of micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, or Zn, in order to enter the plant through the roots and be distributed to all its organs. The study of the genes that control the influx and efflux of the Cd2+ ion in the cytosol, vacuoles, and vascular tissues has significantly contributed to the understanding of the metal root uptake and of its transfer to the aerial parts. However, the mechanisms responsible for its distribution to the different above-ground tissues and specially to fruits and seeds have yet to be clarified. This review summarizes current knowledge in order to present a detailed overview of Cd transport and storage, from the rhizosphere to the different organs and tissues of the plant.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1792179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1801559
S. K. Pradhan, S. Barik, D. Nayak, A. Pradhan, E. Pandit, P. Nayak, Sujata Das, H. Pathak
Abstract Rice is the principal food crop for people in South and South-East Asia and is life for millions of rural households worldwide. Bacterial blight (BB) is a very common, widespread, and highly destructive disease of rice. By the introduction of nitrogen-responsive high-yielding rice varieties, there was many-fold increase in the productivity level of tropical rice in recent years. Continuous cropping of rice with high nitrogen use and general wet conditions aggravated the disease incidence. The cost of chemical control measures is high and often shows adverse effects on the environment. Development of host-plant resistance is therefore a preferred approach to control the disease. Evolution of pathogen differentiation in the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) isolates often causes the breakdown of resistance against the disease. Efforts to deploy R-genes combinations are more important for managing the disease. Durable and broad-spectrum resistance may be achieved in host plants by precise gene incorporation through gene-pyramiding approach. To date, 45 genes conferring resistance to this disease have been identified in rice. The gene-for-gene concept of resistance governs the race-specific interaction between the host and the Xoo strains. Plants have developed different intrinsic mechanisms to defend the pathogen invasion. The pathogen also evolves to produce effectors with variation to counter the patterns-triggered immunity and convert the host plants response for effector-triggered susceptibility. This review discusses the progress in the identification of resistance genes, mechanisms of resistance, and deployment of resistance genes for durable and stable resistance in rice.
{"title":"Genetics, Molecular Mechanisms and Deployment of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Rice","authors":"S. K. Pradhan, S. Barik, D. Nayak, A. Pradhan, E. Pandit, P. Nayak, Sujata Das, H. Pathak","doi":"10.1080/07352689.2020.1801559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1801559","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rice is the principal food crop for people in South and South-East Asia and is life for millions of rural households worldwide. Bacterial blight (BB) is a very common, widespread, and highly destructive disease of rice. By the introduction of nitrogen-responsive high-yielding rice varieties, there was many-fold increase in the productivity level of tropical rice in recent years. Continuous cropping of rice with high nitrogen use and general wet conditions aggravated the disease incidence. The cost of chemical control measures is high and often shows adverse effects on the environment. Development of host-plant resistance is therefore a preferred approach to control the disease. Evolution of pathogen differentiation in the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) isolates often causes the breakdown of resistance against the disease. Efforts to deploy R-genes combinations are more important for managing the disease. Durable and broad-spectrum resistance may be achieved in host plants by precise gene incorporation through gene-pyramiding approach. To date, 45 genes conferring resistance to this disease have been identified in rice. The gene-for-gene concept of resistance governs the race-specific interaction between the host and the Xoo strains. Plants have developed different intrinsic mechanisms to defend the pathogen invasion. The pathogen also evolves to produce effectors with variation to counter the patterns-triggered immunity and convert the host plants response for effector-triggered susceptibility. This review discusses the progress in the identification of resistance genes, mechanisms of resistance, and deployment of resistance genes for durable and stable resistance in rice.","PeriodicalId":10854,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07352689.2020.1801559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47678957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2020.1787679
Trevor T. Bringloe, Samuel Starko, Rachael M. Wade, C. Vieira, H. Kawai, O. De Clerck, J. M. Cock, Susana M. Coelho, C. Destombe, M. Valero, J. Neiva, G. Pearson, S. Faugeron, E. Serrão, Heroen Verbruggen
Abstract The brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are a group of multicellular heterokonts that are ubiquitous in today’s oceans. Large brown algae from multiple orders are the foundation to temperate coastal ecosystems globally, a role that extends into arctic and tropical regions, providing services indirectly through increased coastal productivity and habitat provisioning, and directly as a source of food and commercially important extracts. Recent multi-locus and genome-scale analyses have revolutionized our understanding of the brown algal phylogeny, providing a robust framework to test evolutionary hypotheses and interpret genomic variation across diverse brown algal lineages. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of brown algal evolution based on modern advances in phylogenetics and functional genomics. We begin by summarizing modern phylogenetic hypotheses, illuminating the timescales over which the various brown algal orders diversified. We then discuss key insights on our understanding of brown algal life cycle variation and sexual reproduction systems derived from modern genomic techniques. We also review brown algal speciation mechanisms and the associated biogeographic patterns that have emerged globally. We conclude our review by discussing promising avenues for future research opened by genomic datasets, directions that are expected to reveal critical insights into brown algal evolution in past, present, and future oceans.
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