首页 > 最新文献

Current Oncology Reports最新文献

英文 中文
Risk Stratification, Screening and Treatment of BRAF/MEK Inhibitors-Associated Cardiotoxicity. BRAF/MEK抑制剂相关心脏毒性的风险分层、筛查和治疗。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01599-2
Isabelle Senechal, Maria Sol Andres, Jieli Tong, Sivatharshini Ramalingam, Muhummad Sohaib Nazir, Stuart D Rosen, Kate Young, Praveena Idaikkadar, James Larkin, Alexander R Lyon

Purpose of review: In this review article we describe the cardiovascular adverse events associated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors as well as their pathophysiologic mechanisms and provide up to date guidance for risk stratified surveillance of patients on treatment and the optimal management of emergent cardiotoxicities.

Recent findings: Combination BRAF/MEK inhibition has become an established standard treatment option for patients with a wide variety of BRAF mutant haematological and solid organ cancers, its use is most commonly associated with stage three and metastatic melanoma. The introduction of these targeted drugs has significantly improved the prognosis of previously treatment resistant cancers. It is increasingly recognised that these drugs have a number of cardiovascular toxicities including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, hypertension and QTc interval prolongation. Whilst cardiotoxicity is largely reversible and manageable with medical therapy, it does limit the effective use of these highly active agents.

综述的目的:在这篇综述文章中,我们描述了与BRAF和MEK抑制剂相关的心血管不良事件及其病理生理机制,并为对接受治疗的患者进行风险分层监测以及对突发心脏毒性事件进行优化管理提供了最新指导:BRAF/MEK联合抑制疗法已成为多种BRAF突变血液肿瘤和实体器官癌症患者的既定标准治疗方案,最常用于三期和转移性黑色素瘤。这些靶向药物的引入极大地改善了以往耐药癌症的预后。越来越多的人认识到,这些药物有许多心血管毒性,包括左心室收缩功能障碍、高血压和 QTc 间期延长。虽然心脏毒性在很大程度上是可逆的,并可通过药物治疗加以控制,但它确实限制了这些高活性药物的有效使用。
{"title":"Risk Stratification, Screening and Treatment of BRAF/MEK Inhibitors-Associated Cardiotoxicity.","authors":"Isabelle Senechal, Maria Sol Andres, Jieli Tong, Sivatharshini Ramalingam, Muhummad Sohaib Nazir, Stuart D Rosen, Kate Young, Praveena Idaikkadar, James Larkin, Alexander R Lyon","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01599-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-024-01599-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review article we describe the cardiovascular adverse events associated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors as well as their pathophysiologic mechanisms and provide up to date guidance for risk stratified surveillance of patients on treatment and the optimal management of emergent cardiotoxicities.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Combination BRAF/MEK inhibition has become an established standard treatment option for patients with a wide variety of BRAF mutant haematological and solid organ cancers, its use is most commonly associated with stage three and metastatic melanoma. The introduction of these targeted drugs has significantly improved the prognosis of previously treatment resistant cancers. It is increasingly recognised that these drugs have a number of cardiovascular toxicities including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, hypertension and QTc interval prolongation. Whilst cardiotoxicity is largely reversible and manageable with medical therapy, it does limit the effective use of these highly active agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Difficult Airway in Patients with Cancer 癌症患者的困难气道
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01597-4
Timothy V. Feldheim, John P. Santiago, Lauren Berkow

Purpose of Review

The goal of this review is to provide an overview of difficult airway management in the cancer population.

Recent Findings

Difficult airways can be unanticipated; however, several anatomical and physiological features may predict difficult airway management, with several specific for the cancer patient population. New technologies and techniques for airway management, including non-invasive oxygenation, and even the utilization of ECMO, have led to better outcomes and decreased morbidity. Furthermore, the incorporation of multidisciplinary airway teams has helped reduce morbidity associated with predicted and known difficult airways.

Summary

Cancer patients may exhibit or develop anatomic and physiologic features that may predispose them to difficulty with airway management. As our technologies for airway management continue to advance, as well as further commitment to more interdisciplinary collaboration, difficult airway management in the cancer population will continue to become safer.

最近的研究结果困难气道可能是意料之外的;但是,一些解剖和生理特点可能预示着困难气道的处理,其中有几个是针对癌症患者的。气道管理的新技术和新工艺,包括无创吸氧,甚至是 ECMO 的使用,都提高了治疗效果,降低了发病率。此外,多学科气道团队的加入也有助于降低与预测和已知困难气道相关的发病率。随着气道管理技术的不断进步,以及对更多跨学科合作的进一步承诺,癌症患者的困难气道管理将继续变得更加安全。
{"title":"The Difficult Airway in Patients with Cancer","authors":"Timothy V. Feldheim, John P. Santiago, Lauren Berkow","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01597-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-024-01597-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>The goal of this review is to provide an overview of difficult airway management in the cancer population.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Difficult airways can be unanticipated; however, several anatomical and physiological features may predict difficult airway management, with several specific for the cancer patient population. New technologies and techniques for airway management, including non-invasive oxygenation, and even the utilization of ECMO, have led to better outcomes and decreased morbidity. Furthermore, the incorporation of multidisciplinary airway teams has helped reduce morbidity associated with predicted and known difficult airways.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Cancer patients may exhibit or develop anatomic and physiologic features that may predispose them to difficulty with airway management. As our technologies for airway management continue to advance, as well as further commitment to more interdisciplinary collaboration, difficult airway management in the cancer population will continue to become safer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developing a National Study That Integrates the Geriatric Assessment into the Care of Older Patients with Myeloid Malignancies 开展一项全国性研究,将老年评估纳入老年髓系恶性肿瘤患者的护理中
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01600-y
Vijaya Raj Bhatt

Purpose of Review

To highlight the priorities in geriatric assessment research in myeloid malignancies and discuss design considerations necessary to ensure research is patient-centric, generalizeable, and high quality.

Recent Findings

Older adults with myeloid malignancies including those who are perceived to have excellent performance status have multiple functional impairments. These impairments are associated with early mortality. Older adults have different functional trajectories through the course of treatment; this will be further investigated in our ongoing multicenter study. In a single-center study, we have demonstrated the use of geriatric assessment to guide treatment is feasible.

Summary

Key priorities include designing a multicenter validation study to confirm the role of geriatric assessment in determining treatment tolerance and survival. Such a study should include core geriatric assessment measures and should enroll diverse patient population across various practices. Conducting such a study is necessary to advance patient care and trial design, and to open venues to conduct studies to confirm the role of geriatric assessment in treatment selection.

综述目的强调髓系恶性肿瘤老年评估研究的优先事项,并讨论确保研究以患者为中心、可推广和高质量所需的设计考虑因素。这些损伤与早期死亡率有关。老年人在治疗过程中会出现不同的功能障碍;我们正在进行的多中心研究将对此进行进一步调查。总结重点包括设计一项多中心验证研究,以确认老年评估在确定治疗耐受性和存活率方面的作用。这项研究应包括核心老年病学评估措施,并应招募不同诊疗机构的不同患者人群。有必要开展这样的研究,以促进患者护理和试验设计,并为开展研究以确认老年评估在治疗选择中的作用开辟道路。
{"title":"Developing a National Study That Integrates the Geriatric Assessment into the Care of Older Patients with Myeloid Malignancies","authors":"Vijaya Raj Bhatt","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01600-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-024-01600-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>To highlight the priorities in geriatric assessment research in myeloid malignancies and discuss design considerations necessary to ensure research is patient-centric, generalizeable, and high quality.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Older adults with myeloid malignancies including those who are perceived to have excellent performance status have multiple functional impairments. These impairments are associated with early mortality. Older adults have different functional trajectories through the course of treatment; this will be further investigated in our ongoing multicenter study. In a single-center study, we have demonstrated the use of geriatric assessment to guide treatment is feasible.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Key priorities include designing a multicenter validation study to confirm the role of geriatric assessment in determining treatment tolerance and survival. Such a study should include core geriatric assessment measures and should enroll diverse patient population across various practices. Conducting such a study is necessary to advance patient care and trial design, and to open venues to conduct studies to confirm the role of geriatric assessment in treatment selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold-antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: its Association with Neoplastic Disease and Impact on Therapy. 冷抗体自身免疫性溶血性贫血:与肿瘤疾病的关联及对治疗的影响
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01569-8
Sigbjørn Berentsen

Purpose of review: Cold-antibody mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia (cAIHA) is subclassified as cold agglutinin disease (CAD), secondary cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS), and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). This review aims to address the occurrence of neoplastic disorders with these three entities and analyze the impact of such neoplasias on treatment for cAIHA.

Recent findings: "Primary" CAD is a distinct clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in probably all cases, although not classified as a malignant lymphoma. CAS is secondary to malignant lymphoma in a minority of cases. Recent findings allow a further clarification of these differential diagnoses and the therapeutic consequences of specific neoplastic entities. Appropriate diagnostic workup is critical for therapy in cAIHA. Patients with CAD should be treated if they have symptomatic anemia, significant fatigue, or bothersome circulatory symptoms. The distinction between CAD and CAS and the presence of any underlying malignancy in CAS have essential therapeutic implications.

审查目的:冷抗体介导的自身免疫性溶血性贫血(cAIHA)又分为冷凝集素病(CAD)、继发性冷凝集素综合征(CAS)和阵发性冷血红蛋白尿(PCH)。本综述旨在探讨这三种实体中肿瘤性疾病的发生情况,并分析此类肿瘤对 cAIHA 治疗的影响:"原发性 "CAD 可能在所有病例中都是一种独特的克隆 B 细胞淋巴细胞增生性疾病,但不属于恶性淋巴瘤。CAS在少数病例中继发于恶性淋巴瘤。最近的研究结果进一步明确了这些鉴别诊断以及特定肿瘤实体的治疗后果。适当的诊断工作对于 cAIHA 的治疗至关重要。如果 CAD 患者出现症状性贫血、明显疲劳或令人烦恼的循环系统症状,则应接受治疗。区分 CAD 和 CAS 以及 CAS 是否存在潜在的恶性肿瘤具有重要的治疗意义。
{"title":"Cold-antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: its Association with Neoplastic Disease and Impact on Therapy.","authors":"Sigbjørn Berentsen","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01569-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01569-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cold-antibody mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia (cAIHA) is subclassified as cold agglutinin disease (CAD), secondary cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS), and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). This review aims to address the occurrence of neoplastic disorders with these three entities and analyze the impact of such neoplasias on treatment for cAIHA.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>\"Primary\" CAD is a distinct clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in probably all cases, although not classified as a malignant lymphoma. CAS is secondary to malignant lymphoma in a minority of cases. Recent findings allow a further clarification of these differential diagnoses and the therapeutic consequences of specific neoplastic entities. Appropriate diagnostic workup is critical for therapy in cAIHA. Patients with CAD should be treated if they have symptomatic anemia, significant fatigue, or bothersome circulatory symptoms. The distinction between CAD and CAS and the presence of any underlying malignancy in CAS have essential therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systemic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Latest Advances. 非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的系统疗法:最新进展。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01570-1
Spencer Lessans, Katie A O'Connell, Jennifer Choe

Purpose of review: This review provides an update on approved and emerging systemic therapies in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma).

Recent findings: Many studies demonstrate the effectiveness of immunotherapy for all types of non-melanoma skin cancer. For basal cell carcinoma (BCC), hedgehog inhibitors (HHI) remain first-line but with poor tolerability. Numerous clinical trials studying both neoadjuvant and adjuvant use of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies in advanced NMSC are under investigation. There is a growing number of systemic therapies available to treat non-melanoma skin cancers. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the field and greatly improved survival compared to historical survival rates with cytotoxic chemotherapy.

综述目的:本综述介绍了在治疗局部晚期或转移性非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、梅克尔细胞癌)方面已获批准的和新出现的系统疗法的最新情况:许多研究表明,免疫疗法对所有类型的非黑色素瘤皮肤癌都很有效。对于基底细胞癌(BCC),刺猬抑制剂(HHI)仍是一线治疗药物,但耐受性较差。许多临床试验正在研究抗PD-1和抗PD-L1疗法在晚期非黑素瘤皮肤癌中的新辅助治疗和辅助治疗。治疗非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的系统疗法越来越多。免疫疗法的出现彻底改变了这一领域,与细胞毒化疗的历史生存率相比,免疫疗法大大提高了生存率。
{"title":"Systemic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Latest Advances.","authors":"Spencer Lessans, Katie A O'Connell, Jennifer Choe","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01570-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01570-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides an update on approved and emerging systemic therapies in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Many studies demonstrate the effectiveness of immunotherapy for all types of non-melanoma skin cancer. For basal cell carcinoma (BCC), hedgehog inhibitors (HHI) remain first-line but with poor tolerability. Numerous clinical trials studying both neoadjuvant and adjuvant use of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies in advanced NMSC are under investigation. There is a growing number of systemic therapies available to treat non-melanoma skin cancers. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the field and greatly improved survival compared to historical survival rates with cytotoxic chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Management of Neuroendocrine Tumour Liver Metastases. 神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移的当前治疗方法。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01559-w
Aditya Sharma, Mughilan Muralitharan, John Ramage, Dominique Clement, Krishna Menon, Parthi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elmasry, Nick Reed, Matthew Seager, Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan

Purpose of review: This article aims to illustrate the current state of investigations and management of liver metastases in patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rising in incidence globally and have become the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy in UK and USA. Frequently, patients have metastatic disease at time of presentation. The liver is the most common site of metastases for gastro-enteropancreatic NETs. Characterisation of liver metastases with imaging is important to ensure disease is not under-staged.

Recent findings: Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are now becoming standard of care for imaging liver metastases. There is an increasing armamentarium of therapies available for management of NETs and loco-regional therapy for liver metastases. The data supporting surgical and loco-regional therapy is reviewed with focus on role of liver transplantation. It is important to use appropriate imaging and classification of NET liver metastases. It is key that decisions regarding approach to treatment is undertaken in a multidisciplinary team and that individualised approaches are considered for management of patients with metastatic NETs.

综述目的:本文旨在说明神经内分泌肿瘤患者肝转移的调查和管理现状。神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)的发病率在全球呈上升趋势,在英国和美国已成为第二大胃肠道恶性肿瘤。患者通常在发病时已患有转移性疾病。肝脏是胃肠胰NET最常见的转移部位。肝转移的影像学特征对于确保疾病不被低估非常重要:磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描目前已成为肝转移瘤成像的标准方法。目前有越来越多的疗法可用于治疗母细胞瘤和肝转移瘤的局部区域治疗。本文回顾了支持手术和局部区域治疗的数据,并重点介绍了肝移植的作用。对NET肝转移瘤进行适当的成像和分类非常重要。关键是要由多学科团队共同决定治疗方法,并考虑对转移性NET患者进行个体化治疗。
{"title":"Current Management of Neuroendocrine Tumour Liver Metastases.","authors":"Aditya Sharma, Mughilan Muralitharan, John Ramage, Dominique Clement, Krishna Menon, Parthi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elmasry, Nick Reed, Matthew Seager, Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01559-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01559-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This article aims to illustrate the current state of investigations and management of liver metastases in patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rising in incidence globally and have become the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy in UK and USA. Frequently, patients have metastatic disease at time of presentation. The liver is the most common site of metastases for gastro-enteropancreatic NETs. Characterisation of liver metastases with imaging is important to ensure disease is not under-staged.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are now becoming standard of care for imaging liver metastases. There is an increasing armamentarium of therapies available for management of NETs and loco-regional therapy for liver metastases. The data supporting surgical and loco-regional therapy is reviewed with focus on role of liver transplantation. It is important to use appropriate imaging and classification of NET liver metastases. It is key that decisions regarding approach to treatment is undertaken in a multidisciplinary team and that individualised approaches are considered for management of patients with metastatic NETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Status and Challenges in Rare Genitourinary Cancer Research and Future Directions. 罕见泌尿生殖系统癌症研究的现状和挑战以及未来方向。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01554-1
Antonio Cigliola, Gagan Prakash, Roger Li, Karima Oualla, Shilpa Gupta, Ashish M Kamat, Jad Chahoud, Andrea Necchi, Philippe E Spiess

Purpose of review: In contemporary urological practice, managing rare genitourinary (GU) malignancies presents significant challenges, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their unique characteristics and tailored treatment approaches.

Recent findings: Rare GU malignancies, whether per se, variants of common histologies, or common tumors in uncommon locations, often lack widely available clinical guidelines. Consequently, treatment decisions are frequently based on empirical evidence, risking suboptimal outcomes. However, recent advances in molecular profiling, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy offer promising avenues for improving management strategies and patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of some rare GU malignancies encountered in clinical practice, including their distinct pathological features, current management approaches, and ongoing research directions. Understanding the complexities of these rare tumors and implementing multidisciplinary treatment strategies are essential for optimizing patient care and improving survival outcomes.

综述的目的:在当代泌尿外科临床实践中,罕见泌尿生殖系统(GU)恶性肿瘤的治疗面临着巨大挑战,需要全面了解其独特性和量身定制的治疗方法:最近的研究结果:罕见的泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤,无论是其本身、常见组织学的变体,还是不常见部位的常见肿瘤,往往缺乏广泛可用的临床指南。因此,治疗决定往往以经验证据为基础,有可能导致不理想的结果。然而,分子图谱分析、靶向治疗和免疫疗法的最新进展为改善管理策略和患者预后提供了大有希望的途径。本综述全面概述了临床实践中遇到的一些罕见胃泌素瘤恶性肿瘤,包括其独特的病理特征、当前的治疗方法和正在进行的研究方向。了解这些罕见肿瘤的复杂性并实施多学科治疗策略对于优化患者护理和改善生存预后至关重要。
{"title":"Current Status and Challenges in Rare Genitourinary Cancer Research and Future Directions.","authors":"Antonio Cigliola, Gagan Prakash, Roger Li, Karima Oualla, Shilpa Gupta, Ashish M Kamat, Jad Chahoud, Andrea Necchi, Philippe E Spiess","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01554-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01554-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In contemporary urological practice, managing rare genitourinary (GU) malignancies presents significant challenges, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their unique characteristics and tailored treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Rare GU malignancies, whether per se, variants of common histologies, or common tumors in uncommon locations, often lack widely available clinical guidelines. Consequently, treatment decisions are frequently based on empirical evidence, risking suboptimal outcomes. However, recent advances in molecular profiling, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy offer promising avenues for improving management strategies and patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of some rare GU malignancies encountered in clinical practice, including their distinct pathological features, current management approaches, and ongoing research directions. Understanding the complexities of these rare tumors and implementing multidisciplinary treatment strategies are essential for optimizing patient care and improving survival outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frailty and Cancer Prognosis. 虚弱与癌症预后
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01558-x
Ana Patricia Navarrete-Reyes, Abigail Samayoa Mateos-Soria, Juan José Sánchez-Hernández, Juan Pablo Negrete-Najar

Purpose of review: This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the prognostic role of frailty in older patients diagnosed with cancer and to explore the evidence regarding its prognostic implications in cancer survivors.

Recent findings: Frailty has been consistently associated with mortality/overall survival, postoperative complications, short- and long-term postoperative mortality, length of stay, among other adverse health-related outcomes in several oncological contexts. The possible association between frailty and treatment toxicity has been less explored, however most studies suggest frailty is a predictor of treatment induced toxicity. In addition, in cancer survivors, frailty is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, incident type 2 diabetes mellitus, mortality, altered cognitive performance and increased symptom severity. Due to its usefulness in establishing prognosis and informing treatment decision making, it is expected that frailty screening and assessment will continue to gain popularity as part of the pretreatment evaluation of older patients with cancer.

综述的目的:本综述旨在总结目前有关虚弱对确诊癌症的老年患者预后作用的证据,并探讨有关虚弱对癌症幸存者预后影响的证据:最近的研究结果:在一些肿瘤研究中,体弱一直与死亡率/总生存率、术后并发症、短期和长期术后死亡率、住院时间以及其他与健康相关的不良后果有关。关于虚弱与治疗毒性之间可能存在的关联的研究较少,但大多数研究表明,虚弱是治疗毒性的一个预测因素。此外,在癌症幸存者中,虚弱是心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、死亡率、认知能力改变和症状严重程度增加的风险因素。由于虚弱程度筛查和评估有助于确定预后并为治疗决策提供信息,预计它将继续作为老年癌症患者预处理评估的一部分而受到欢迎。
{"title":"Frailty and Cancer Prognosis.","authors":"Ana Patricia Navarrete-Reyes, Abigail Samayoa Mateos-Soria, Juan José Sánchez-Hernández, Juan Pablo Negrete-Najar","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01558-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01558-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the prognostic role of frailty in older patients diagnosed with cancer and to explore the evidence regarding its prognostic implications in cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Frailty has been consistently associated with mortality/overall survival, postoperative complications, short- and long-term postoperative mortality, length of stay, among other adverse health-related outcomes in several oncological contexts. The possible association between frailty and treatment toxicity has been less explored, however most studies suggest frailty is a predictor of treatment induced toxicity. In addition, in cancer survivors, frailty is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, incident type 2 diabetes mellitus, mortality, altered cognitive performance and increased symptom severity. Due to its usefulness in establishing prognosis and informing treatment decision making, it is expected that frailty screening and assessment will continue to gain popularity as part of the pretreatment evaluation of older patients with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Issue of Myasthenia Gravis Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. 与免疫检查点抑制剂相关的肌无力临床问题。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01571-0
Kyoichi Kaira, Atsuto Mouri, Hisao Imai, Ou Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kagamu

Purpose of review: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are pivotal in the management of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across various human neoplasms. While common irAEs are manageable by oncologists, the detailed features of rare complications related to ICI therapy remain elusive. Among these, immune-related myasthenia gravis (irMG) stands out as a life-threatening disease.

Recent findings: Research articles published in English between 2017 and 2023 were identified using the PubMed database. Forty-six relevant research studies were examined to collate information for this review. The incidence of ICI-induced MG was found to be less than 1.0%, with approximately 20-30% of irMG patients presenting with overlap syndrome involving myocarditis and myositis. The detection of acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR-Ab) and elevated creatinine kinase (CK) levels proved useful in identifying 50-70% and 60-80% of cases, respectively. However, the utility of muscle-specific kinase antibodies (MuSK-Ab) in detecting irMG was limited due to a low positivity rate (0-5.3%). Ptosis emerged as the most common initial symptom of irMG, with an approximate positivity rate of 80%. Recommended treatment for irMG involves high-dose steroids in conjunction with plasmapheresis or immunoglobulins to mitigate the increased mortality associated with irMG. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is imperative to prevent the worsening of irMG. Furthermore, facilitating a fulfilling social life post-hospitalization is crucial. This review sheds light on the clinical aspects and management strategies pertaining to irMG.

综述目的:免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)是治疗各种人类肿瘤的免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)的关键。虽然肿瘤学家可以处理常见的 irAEs,但与 ICI 治疗相关的罕见并发症的详细特征仍然难以捉摸。其中,免疫相关性肌无力(irMG)是一种威胁生命的疾病:使用 PubMed 数据库识别了 2017 年至 2023 年间发表的英文研究文章。研究人员对46项相关研究进行了审查,为本综述整理了相关信息。研究发现,ICI诱发的MG发病率低于1.0%,约20-30%的irMG患者会出现心肌炎和肌炎重叠综合征。乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChR-Ab)的检测和肌酸激酶(CK)水平的升高分别有助于鉴别 50-70% 和 60-80% 的病例。然而,由于阳性率较低(0-5.3%),肌肉特异性激酶抗体(MuSK-Ab)在检测虹膜血管内皮癌方面的作用有限。上睑下垂是虹膜麦格病最常见的初期症状,阳性率约为 80%。推荐的虹膜血管内皮生长因子治疗包括大剂量类固醇与浆细胞分离或免疫球蛋白,以降低与虹膜血管内皮生长因子相关的死亡率。必须尽早开始免疫抑制治疗,以防止虹膜转移性心肌病恶化。此外,促进患者在出院后过上充实的社会生活也至关重要。本综述介绍了有关虹膜格氏病的临床方面和管理策略。
{"title":"Clinical Issue of Myasthenia Gravis Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.","authors":"Kyoichi Kaira, Atsuto Mouri, Hisao Imai, Ou Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Kagamu","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01571-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01571-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are pivotal in the management of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across various human neoplasms. While common irAEs are manageable by oncologists, the detailed features of rare complications related to ICI therapy remain elusive. Among these, immune-related myasthenia gravis (irMG) stands out as a life-threatening disease.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Research articles published in English between 2017 and 2023 were identified using the PubMed database. Forty-six relevant research studies were examined to collate information for this review. The incidence of ICI-induced MG was found to be less than 1.0%, with approximately 20-30% of irMG patients presenting with overlap syndrome involving myocarditis and myositis. The detection of acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR-Ab) and elevated creatinine kinase (CK) levels proved useful in identifying 50-70% and 60-80% of cases, respectively. However, the utility of muscle-specific kinase antibodies (MuSK-Ab) in detecting irMG was limited due to a low positivity rate (0-5.3%). Ptosis emerged as the most common initial symptom of irMG, with an approximate positivity rate of 80%. Recommended treatment for irMG involves high-dose steroids in conjunction with plasmapheresis or immunoglobulins to mitigate the increased mortality associated with irMG. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is imperative to prevent the worsening of irMG. Furthermore, facilitating a fulfilling social life post-hospitalization is crucial. This review sheds light on the clinical aspects and management strategies pertaining to irMG.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oral Pre-malignancy: An Update on Novel Therapeutic Approaches. 口腔癌前病变:新型治疗方法的最新进展。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01562-1
Shorook Naara, Clara Andrews, Andrew Sikora, Michelle Williams, Mark Chambers, Jeffrey Myers, Moran Amit

Purpose of review: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current advances in managing and preventing progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), focusing on their histological and clinicopathological features, and management.

Recent findings: Recent studies, including a multicenter cross-sectional study, have identified oral leukoplakia as the most prevalent form of OPMD, comprising over half of the cases examined. Advances in histological grading, specifically the World Health Organization's three-tier system (mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia), have significantly enhanced the accuracy of risk assessment for malignant transformation. Additionally, treatments such as surgical interventions, photodynamic therapy, and chemopreventive and molecularly targeted agents are being evaluated for their safety and efficacy as well as, immune checkpoint inhibitors being evaluated as potential preventive strategies to halt the progression of OPMDs. The management of OPMDs remains challenging due to the lack of standardized screening protocols and varied clinical management approaches. Despite this, recent advancements in diagnostic grading and therapeutic interventions provide a framework for improved treatment outcomes. Continued research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving development and progression of OPMDs and innovative treatment trials are essential to optimize strategies that prevent malignant progression and thereby reduce the global health burden of oral cancer.

综述目的:本综述旨在全面概述目前在管理和预防口腔潜在恶性疾病(OPMDs)恶化方面取得的进展,重点关注其组织学和临床病理学特征以及管理:最近的研究(包括一项多中心横断面研究)发现,口腔白斑病是口腔潜在恶性疾病中最常见的形式,占受检病例的一半以上。组织学分级的进步,特别是世界卫生组织的三级系统(轻度、中度和重度发育不良),大大提高了恶性转化风险评估的准确性。此外,手术干预、光动力疗法、化学预防和分子靶向药物等治疗方法的安全性和有效性正在接受评估,免疫检查点抑制剂作为潜在的预防策略也在接受评估,以阻止 OPMD 的发展。由于缺乏标准化的筛查方案和不同的临床管理方法,OPMD 的管理仍然充满挑战。尽管如此,诊断分级和治疗干预方面的最新进展为改善治疗效果提供了框架。要优化预防恶性进展的策略,从而减轻口腔癌对全球健康造成的负担,就必须继续研究驱动 OPMD 发展和恶化的分子和细胞机制,并进行创新性治疗试验。
{"title":"Oral Pre-malignancy: An Update on Novel Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Shorook Naara, Clara Andrews, Andrew Sikora, Michelle Williams, Mark Chambers, Jeffrey Myers, Moran Amit","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01562-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01562-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current advances in managing and preventing progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), focusing on their histological and clinicopathological features, and management.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies, including a multicenter cross-sectional study, have identified oral leukoplakia as the most prevalent form of OPMD, comprising over half of the cases examined. Advances in histological grading, specifically the World Health Organization's three-tier system (mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia), have significantly enhanced the accuracy of risk assessment for malignant transformation. Additionally, treatments such as surgical interventions, photodynamic therapy, and chemopreventive and molecularly targeted agents are being evaluated for their safety and efficacy as well as, immune checkpoint inhibitors being evaluated as potential preventive strategies to halt the progression of OPMDs. The management of OPMDs remains challenging due to the lack of standardized screening protocols and varied clinical management approaches. Despite this, recent advancements in diagnostic grading and therapeutic interventions provide a framework for improved treatment outcomes. Continued research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving development and progression of OPMDs and innovative treatment trials are essential to optimize strategies that prevent malignant progression and thereby reduce the global health burden of oral cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Current Oncology Reports
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1