Current Oncology Reports最新文献

Purpose of review: Financial toxicity from cancer treatment is a significant barrier to equitable care and an important clinical and public health concern. This scoping review examines global patterns in the assessment of financial toxicity in cancer care and compiles an inventory of domains and subdomains used in existing assessment tools.

Recent findings: From 3,343 records screened, 454 studies were included. Most were conducted in high-income countries (81.7%, n = 371), with 93.8% focused on adult populations. Across 438 quantitative studies, 164 distinct financial toxicity questionnaires comprising 1,104 questions were identified. The COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) was the most frequently used tool (40.4%). Only 48.2% of questionnaires had undergone validation in cancer populations. The majority of questions addressed material domains (51.3%), followed by behavioral (29.9%) and psychosocial (18.8%) aspects. The most common subdomains identified were health expenditure within the material domain (9.6%), delaying or forgoing healthcare services within the behavioral domain (12.6%), and perceived financial burden of healthcare costs within the psychosocial domain (12.8%). Findings from 32 qualitative studies aligned with these patterns, highlighting healthcare costs and employment loss as key concerns. Most studies of financial toxicity in cancer care are conducted among adults in high-income countries and measure material domains. Greater attention is needed to expand financial toxicity research in low- and middle-income countries and among pediatric, adolescent, and caregiver populations.

Purpose of review: This review highlights the evolving management of desmoid tumors, including the importance of an accurate diagnosis, the potential role for surgery and radiation therapy in select cases, growing data supporting the use of radiology-guided techniques, as well as the emerging role of systemic therapy for disease not amenable to active surveillance.

Recent findings: The initial management for desmoid tumors has shifted towards watchful waiting for a majority of patients. The recent FDA approval of nirogacestat, a gamma-secretase inhibitor, as well as prospective clinical trials examining multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have increased systemic therapy options for patients. Local therapies, such as surgery, radiation and radiology-guided techniques, remain potential options in appropriate situations. An improved understanding of the underlying biology and inherent behavior of desmoid tumors has resulted in a rapidly evolving and shifting treating paradigm. A multi-disciplinary approach is critically important to provide the best outcomes for patients.

Purpose of review: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment strategy for patients with radically treatable head and neck cancer (HNC). Efforts to personalize RT have spanned decades, yielding variable results across different treatment stages. The purpose of this review was to assess the potential of AI-driven models to bridge personalized radiotherapy strategies.

Recent findings: Radiomics, an emerging imaging analytics approach, provides significant quantitative features that can predict survival outcomes, treatment responses, and radiation-induced toxicity. Radiomics-based models in the studies demonstrate promising predictive efficacy with a high C-index or area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.70. AI-driven multimodal and multitemporal imaging models can stratify patients and guide risk-adapted radiotherapy. A four-step AI-driven RT framework may provide a template for future randomized controlled trials, supporting more trustworthy evidence.

Purpose of review: ChemoBodies, also known as Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADCs), are one of the fastest growing classes of biopharmaceuticals with great therapeutic potential in solid and hematological tumors, with 14 US-FDA products till July 2025, and hundreds are in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to map each component of ChemoBodies, like antibodies and their novel engineered fragments, next-generation Chemo therapeutic drugs (Payloads), Linkers, and unique conjugation Chemistry used to develop ChemoBodies.

Recent findings: After analyzing the components of approved ChemoBodies, the antibodies are mainly used to target hematological tumors (CD33, CD22, CD19, CD79b, BCMA, CD30), and solid tumors (HER2, TROP2, Tissue Factor, Folate receptor Alpha, and c-Met). Which is commonly conjugated via succinimide and maleimide chemistry to DNA-damaging agents (SG3199, Calicheamicin), Microtubule inhibitors (DM1, DM4, MMAE, MMAF), and Topoisomerases I inhibitors (DxD, SN-38). Current advancements in antibody engineering, conjugation chemistry, and novel payloads hope to overcome the challenges associated with current ChemoBodies. ChemoBody, also known as Antibody-Drug Conjugate, represents one of the promising classes of therapeutics in the treatment of Solid and haematological cancers. In this review, we summarized all the technologies employed in the development of the US-FDA-approved and under clinical trial ChemoBody molecules.

Purpose of review: To summarise and evaluate the latest adoptive T-cell therapies in sarcomas, focusing on therapeutic targets, efficacy, safety, and limitations.

Recent findings: An increasing number of clinical trials are investigating adoptive T-cell therapies in sarcomas, most targeting NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 through engineered T-cell receptors (TCR-T). The FDA approval of afamitresgene autoleucel for advanced synovial sarcoma and the breakthrough designation of letetresgene autoleucel for myxoid/round cell liposarcoma signify a major turning point. Chimeric antigen receptor T strategies target mainly B7H3, GD2, FGFR4, and HER2, with innovations including dual antigen targeting and safety switches. Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, including lifileucel, is under investigation with checkpoint inhibitors or oncolytic agents to enhance efficacy and manage toxicity. Adoptive T-cell therapy demonstrates early promise in sarcomas, particularly TCR-T therapy. Challenges include HLA restriction, tumour heterogeneity, and manufacturing complexity. Future strategies involving novel antigens, multi-targeting, and combinatorial regimens could broaden patient eligibility and improve therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of review: Advances in radiation therapy techniques that allow for better normal tissue sparing have made reirradiation (reRT) a more viable option for managing locoregional recurrences in various cancers. However, severe toxicity and a high risk of second recurrence persist, emphasizing the need for improved patient selection and treatment planning. This scoping review, registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023387364), followed PRISMA guidelines. A thorough search was conducted from 2012 to December 2023 in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and BioMed Central databases, focusing on studies that reported the value of multimodal imaging in enhancing patient selection and optimizing reRT planning. Inclusion criteria targeted studies involving MRI and PET imaging, with exclusions based on relevance, language, and quality.

Recent findings: Of 363 records identified, 29 studies met inclusion criteria. Most focused on high-grade glioma (HGG, 48%), head and neck cancer (HNC, 31%), and pelvic cancer (21%). In HGG, ¹⁸F-FET PET and GdT1w-MRI linked larger, metabolically active volumes with shorter overall survival (OS). Radiomic signatures from pre-reRT PET/MRI, extracted from the planned reRT volume, were associated with post-reRT recurrence, reflecting the prognostic value of intratumoral heterogeneity. Multimodal imaging differentiated disease progression from post-treatment changes, aiding target delineation. Techniques like ¹¹C-MET PET, ¹⁸F-FET PET, and diffusion-weighted imaging for HGG, as well as ¹⁸F-FDG PET and dynamic contrast imaging for HNC, enhanced target definition and enabled dose-painting. MRI-guided reRT reduced urinary toxicity in prostate cancer through precise treatment adaptation. Multimodal imaging is essential for patient selection, target delineation, and adaptive reRT in recurrent cancers. Further research and standardization are needed to maximize its clinical impact.

Purpose of review: There has been a rapid increase in the use and investigation of radioligand therapies for prostate cancer. This review summarizes and synthesizes the current prostate cancer radioligand landscape. It highlights the challenges facing optimal radioligand use and outlines approaches to improve the efficacy of this therapeutic class.

Recent findings: The prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed radioligand ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-617 improves survival in patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after chemotherapy and is now a standard of care treatment option for these patients. Published and ongoing trials promise to expand the use of radioligand therapies in prostate cancer. These trials highlight the potential of novel radioligand targets, alternate radioisotopes, and combination therapy approaches to improve radioligand efficacy. Emerging radioligands, novel combination therapies, optimized patient selection, and dose-personalization promise to improve outcomes and expand the use of radioligand therapies in prostate cancer.

Purpose of review: This review examines the unmet needs of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the limitations of current treatment approaches, and the role of integrative modalities in symptom management, patient care, and quality-of-life enhancement. Despite advances in oncology, TNBC remains a clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature, intensive treatments, and disparities in access to care, leading to variable outcomes. This review summarizes recent progress in integrative oncology and its potential benefits for TNBC patients.

Recent findings: TNBC patients face significant physical and psychosocial challenges, compounded by disparities in treatment and supportive care access. Continuous chemotherapy-based regimens often lead to accumulating symptoms, highlighting the need for integrative approaches. Evidence suggests that modalities such as nutritional counseling, physical activity programs, mind-body interventions (e.g., mindfulness, yoga) acupuncture and certain herbal remedies can help alleviate symptoms, improve well-being, and enhance resilience. A growing body of evidence supports the integration of these approaches into TNBC care to improve quality of life. The Society for Integrative Oncology has issued clinical practice guidelines recommending these modalities, yet challenges remain in optimizing personalized approaches and ensuring equitable access. Future research should focus on refining integrative strategies and increasing awareness of their benefits for TNBC patients.

Purpose of review: Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It typically develops over years through the progression of benign polyps to malignancy, driven by genetic alterations-either spontaneous or inherited. This review summarizes current knowledge on colorectal cancer, including its epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, preventative measures, and research developments, while identifying knowledge gaps to guide future studies.

Recent findings: Colorectal cancer is influenced by numerous lifestyle-related risk factors, such as high-calorie diets, processed foods, red meat, smoking, obesity, and alcohol use. Colonoscopy, imaging tests, and biopsies remain essential for diagnosis, while the TNM staging system continues to guide therapeutic decisions. Treatment options range from early-stage surgical interventions to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies in advanced stages, with neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments offering improved outcomes. Experimental therapies, including regorafenib and cancer vaccines, are under investigation. Prevention strategies focus on healthy lifestyles and risk avoidance, alongside screening techniques including fecal occult blood tests, colonoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy. Screening programs emphasize individuals with genetic susceptibility, and clinical trials aim to enhance both screening and therapeutic approaches. Colorectal cancer poses a substantial global health challenge. Advances in diagnostics, treatment, and prevention are promising, but further research is needed to improve management strategies and address gaps in screening. Lifestyle changes and early detection through targeted screening remain critical for reducing the disease burden worldwide.