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Biomarkers for occupational manganese exposure. 职业性锰暴露的生物标志物。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2128718
Nataliya A Karyakina, Natalia Shilnikova, Nawal Farhat, Siva Ramoju, Brandon Cline, Franco Momoli, Donald Mattison, N Jensen, R Terrell, Daniel Krewski

Long-term inhalation exposure to manganese (Mn) metal or its inorganic compounds can result in manganism or subclinical neurofunctional deficits. Studies have described affected workers in Mn dioxide mining, Mn-containing ore crushing and milling facilities, manufacturing of dry-cell batteries, Mn steel and alloy production plants, and in welders. The objective of this study was to critically review existing evidence on the reliability of potential biomarkers of Mn exposure, specifically the relationship between inhalation exposure to Mn particulates in different occupational settings and Mn concentrations in blood and other biological fluids and tissues, with a particular focus on whole blood as a potentially useful medium for measuring internal tissue dose. We also examined available evidence on the relationship between Mn levels in blood and adverse clinical and subclinical neurotoxic outcomes. Three bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies and identified references were screened by two independent reviewers. Of the 6338 unique references identified, 76 articles were retained for data abstraction. Findings indicate that the relationships between Mn in blood and both external Mn exposure indices and neurofunctional impairments are limited and inconsistent. Different sources of exposure to Mn compounds, heterogeneity in the methodological approaches, and inadequate reporting of essential information limited direct comparison of the reported findings. Among the Mn-exposure biomarkers considered in this review - including biomarkers in blood, plasma, serum, erythrocytes, urine, bone, toenails, fingernails, hair, saliva - biomarkers in whole blood may provide to be most useful in Mn biomonitoring and risk assessment.

长期吸入锰(Mn)金属或其无机化合物可导致锰中毒或亚临床神经功能缺陷。研究描述了二氧化锰采矿、含锰矿石破碎和磨矿设施、干电池制造、锰钢和合金生产工厂以及焊工中受影响的工人。本研究的目的是严格审查现有证据,以确定锰暴露的潜在生物标志物的可靠性,特别是在不同职业环境中吸入Mn颗粒与血液和其他生物流体和组织中Mn浓度之间的关系,特别关注全血作为测量内部组织剂量的潜在有用介质。我们还检查了血液中Mn水平与不良临床和亚临床神经毒性结果之间关系的现有证据。在三个文献数据库中检索相关研究,并由两名独立审稿人筛选确定的参考文献。在确定的6338个唯一参考文献中,保留76篇文章用于数据抽象。研究结果表明,血液中锰与外部锰暴露指数和神经功能损伤之间的关系是有限的和不一致的。锰化合物暴露的不同来源、方法方法的异质性以及基本信息的不充分报告限制了对报告结果的直接比较。在这篇综述中考虑的锰暴露生物标志物——包括血液、血浆、血清、红细胞、尿液、骨骼、脚趾甲、指甲、头发、唾液中的生物标志物——全血中的生物标志物可能在锰生物监测和风险评估中最有用。
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引用次数: 2
Regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs and m6A modification in trophoblast functions and the occurrence of its related adverse pregnancy outcomes. 非编码rna和m6A修饰在滋养细胞功能中的调节作用及其相关不良妊娠结局的发生。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2144711
Wang Rong, Wan Shukun, Wang Xiaoqing, Huang Wenxin, Dai Mengyuan, Mi Chenyang, Huidong Zhang

Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage, occur frequently in pregnant women and might further induce morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. Increasing studies have shown that dysfunctions of human trophoblast are related to these adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent studies also showed that environmental toxicants could induce trophoblast dysfunctions. Moreover, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to play important regulatory roles in various cellular processes. However, the roles of ncRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast dysfunctions and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes still need to be further investigated, especially with exposure to environmental toxicants. In this review, we analyzed the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs and m6A methylation modification in the dysfunctions of trophoblast cells and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and also summarized the harmful effects of environmental toxicants. In addition to DNA replication, mRNA transcription, and protein translation, ncRNAs and m6A modification might be considered as the fourth and fifth elements that regulate the genetic central dogma, respectively. Environmental toxicants might also affect these processes. In this review, we expect to provide a deeper scientific understanding of the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and to discover potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of these outcomes.

不良妊娠结局,如先兆子痫、妊娠期糖尿病、胎儿生长受限和反复流产,在孕妇中经常发生,并可能进一步导致母亲和胎儿的发病率和死亡率。越来越多的研究表明,人类滋养细胞功能障碍与这些不良妊娠结局有关。近年来的研究也表明,环境毒物可引起滋养细胞功能障碍。此外,据报道,非编码rna (ncRNAs)在各种细胞过程中发挥重要的调节作用。然而,ncrna在调节滋养细胞功能障碍和不良妊娠结局发生中的作用仍需要进一步研究,特别是在暴露于环境毒物的情况下。本文分析了ncrna和m6A甲基化修饰在滋养细胞功能障碍和不良妊娠结局发生中的调控机制,并总结了环境毒物的有害影响。除了DNA复制、mRNA转录和蛋白质翻译之外,ncRNAs和m6A修饰可能分别被认为是调控遗传中心法则的第四和第五要素。环境毒物也可能影响这些过程。在这篇综述中,我们希望对不良妊娠结局的发生提供更深入的科学理解,并发现诊断和治疗这些结局的潜在生物标志物。
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引用次数: 2
Mycotoxins occurrence in milk and cereals in North African countries - a review. 北非国家牛奶和谷物中真菌毒素的发生——综述。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2157703
Khouloud Ben Hassouna, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Kamel Chaieb, Samir Abbès

North African countries; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia suffer from mycotoxin contamination. Various studies have indicated the presence of mycotoxins in raw milk and cereals (i.e. wheat, barley, maize and cereal-based products). Aflatoxins (AFs), Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Fumonisin (FB1) and Zearalenone (ZEN)-mycotoxin are the most detected due to climatic change in the region. In this review, we will present the kind of foods and feeds cereals and milk based products contaminated and the level of their contaminated mycotoxin. On the other hand, researchers try to find biologic methods to remove/mitigate mycotoxins in food and feed using bio-products. But the research works concerning legislations and mycotoxin risk assessment still rare. Therefore, it appears necessary to make review on the current status of mycotoxins in North African countries in order to explore data related to contamination of basic food in this region and to highlight the problem to the policy-makers to establish a serious legislation on this matter. On the other hand, to give more information to the worldwide readers about the impact of climate change on the food and feed pollution on mycotoxins in the Mediterranean Sea region.

北非国家;阿尔及利亚、埃及、利比亚、摩洛哥和突尼斯遭受霉菌毒素污染。各种研究表明,原料牛奶和谷物(即小麦、大麦、玉米和谷物制品)中存在霉菌毒素。黄曲霉毒素(AFs)、黄曲霉毒素M1 (AFM1)、赭曲霉毒素A (OTA)、伏马菌素(FB1)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)-霉菌毒素是该地区由于气候变化而检出最多的。在这篇综述中,我们将介绍受污染的食品和饲料的种类,谷物和牛奶制品及其污染的霉菌毒素水平。另一方面,研究人员试图寻找生物方法,利用生物制品去除/减轻食品和饲料中的真菌毒素。但有关真菌毒素的立法和风险评估方面的研究工作尚不多见。因此,似乎有必要对北非国家真菌毒素的现状进行审查,以探索该地区基本食品污染的相关数据,并向决策者强调这一问题,以便就这一问题建立严肃的立法。另一方面,向全世界读者提供更多关于气候变化对地中海地区食品和饲料污染对真菌毒素的影响的信息。
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引用次数: 4
Towards a science-based testing strategy to identify maternal thyroid hormone imbalance and neurodevelopmental effects in the progeny-part III: how is substance-mediated thyroid hormone imbalance in pregnant/lactating rats or their progeny related to neurodevelopmental effects? 建立基于科学的检测策略来识别母体甲状腺激素失衡和后代神经发育影响——第三部分:妊娠/哺乳期大鼠及其后代物质介导的甲状腺激素失衡与神经发育影响的关系
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2130166
M Sue Marty, Ursula G Sauer, Alex Charlton, Rashin Ghaffari, Davy Guignard, Nina Hallmark, Bethany R Hannas, Sylvia Jacobi, Heike-Antje Marxfeld, Stephanie Melching-Kollmuss, Larry P Sheets, Daniel Urbisch, Philip A Botham, Bennard van Ravenzwaay

This review investigated which patterns of thyroid- and brain-related effects are seen in rats upon gestational/lactational exposure to 14 substances causing thyroid hormone imbalance by four different modes-of-action (inhibition of thyroid peroxidase, sodium-iodide symporter and deiodinase activities, enhancement of thyroid hormone clearance) or to dietary iodine deficiency. Brain-related parameters included motor activity, cognitive function, acoustic startle response, hearing function, periventricular heterotopia, electrophysiology and brain gene expression. Specific modes-of-action were not related to specific patterns of brain-related effects. Based upon the rat data reviewed, maternal serum thyroid hormone levels do not show a causal relationship with statistically significant neurodevelopmental effects. Offspring serum thyroxine together with offspring serum triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone appear relevant to predict the likelihood for neurodevelopmental effects. Based upon the collated database, thresholds of ≥60%/≥50% offspring serum thyroxine reduction and ≥20% and statistically significant offspring serum triiodothyronine reduction indicate an increased likelihood for statistically significant neurodevelopmental effects; accuracies: 83% and 67% when excluding electrophysiology (and gene expression). Measurements of brain thyroid hormone levels are likely relevant, too. The extent of substance-mediated thyroid hormone imbalance appears more important than substance mode-of-action to predict neurodevelopmental impairment in rats. Pertinent research needs were identified, e.g. to determine whether the phenomenological offspring thyroid hormone thresholds are relevant for regulatory toxicity testing. The insight from this review shall be used to suggest a tiered testing strategy to determine whether gestational/lactational substance exposure may elicit thyroid hormone imbalance and potentially also neurodevelopmental effects.

本综述研究了妊娠/哺乳期暴露于14种物质(抑制甲状腺过氧化物酶、碘化钠同向转运体和去碘酶活性、增强甲状腺激素清除率)或饮食碘缺乏导致甲状腺激素失衡时,大鼠甲状腺和脑相关影响的模式。脑相关参数包括运动活动、认知功能、声惊反应、听力功能、室周异位、电生理和脑基因表达。特定的作用方式与大脑相关效应的特定模式无关。根据回顾的大鼠数据,母体血清甲状腺激素水平与统计上显着的神经发育影响没有因果关系。子代血清甲状腺素与子代血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸和促甲状腺激素似乎与预测神经发育影响的可能性有关。根据整理的数据库,子代血清甲状腺素降低≥60%/≥50%,子代血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸降低≥20%和具有统计学意义的阈值表明,有统计学意义的神经发育影响的可能性增加;当排除电生理(和基因表达)时,准确率分别为83%和67%。脑部甲状腺激素水平的测量也可能与此相关。在预测大鼠神经发育障碍时,物质介导的甲状腺激素失衡程度似乎比物质作用方式更重要。确定了相关的研究需求,例如,确定现象子代甲状腺激素阈值是否与调节性毒性测试相关。本综述的见解将用于建议分层测试策略,以确定妊娠/哺乳期物质暴露是否会引起甲状腺激素失衡和潜在的神经发育影响。
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引用次数: 4
Radiological risk assessment of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS). 猎人角海军造船厂(HPNS)的辐射风险评估。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2118107
Dennis J Paustenbach, Robert D Gibbons

Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco, California was deemed a Superfund site by the USEPA in 1989 due to chemical and radiological contamination resulting from U.S. Navy operations from 1939 to 1974. During characterization and remediation efforts, over 50,000 radiological soil samples and 19,000 air samples were collected. This risk assessment, conducted in accordance with federal guidelines, represents the first comprehensive evaluation of past, present, and future health risks associated with radionuclides present at the site. The assessment indicated that before site remediation, most radionuclide soil concentrations were at or near local background concentrations. Had such low remedial goals not been established, significant remediation of surface soils would not have been necessary to protect human health. The pre-remediation lifetime incremental cancer morbidity risks for on-site workers and theoretical on-site residents due to radionuclide contamination were found to be 1.3 × 10-6 and 3.2 × 10-6, respectively. The post-remediation risks to future on-site residents were found to be 6.3 × 10-8 (without durable cover) and 3.7 × 10-8 (with durable cover), while post-remediation risks to on-site workers were found to be 2.6 × 10-8 (without durable cover) and 1.6 × 10-8 (with durable cover). Risk estimates for all scenarios were found to be significantly below the acceptable risk of 3 × 10-4 approved by regulatory agencies. Upwind and downwind air samples collected during remediation indicate that remediation activities never posed a measurable risk to off-site residents. This risk assessment emphasizes the importance of establishing clear and scientifically rigorous soil remedial goals at sites as well as understanding local radionuclide background concentrations.

由于美国海军在1939年至1974年的行动中造成的化学和放射性污染,位于加利福尼亚州旧金山的猎人角海军造船厂在1989年被美国环保署认定为超级基金基地。在表征和修复工作中,收集了超过50,000个放射性土壤样本和19,000个空气样本。这项风险评估是根据联邦准则进行的,是对该场址存在的放射性核素过去、现在和未来的健康风险进行的首次全面评估。评价结果表明,在场地修复前,大多数土壤放射性核素浓度等于或接近当地本底浓度。如果没有制定如此低的补救目标,就没有必要对表层土壤进行大量补救,以保护人类健康。放射性核素污染对现场工作人员和理论现场居民的终生癌症发病率增量风险分别为1.3 × 10-6和3.2 × 10-6。修复后对未来现场居民的风险分别为6.3 × 10-8(无耐久盖)和3.7 × 10-8(有耐久盖),对现场工人的风险分别为2.6 × 10-8(无耐久盖)和1.6 × 10-8(有耐久盖)。所有情景的风险估计都明显低于监管机构批准的可接受风险3 × 10-4。在修复期间收集的逆风和顺风空气样本表明,修复活动从未对场外居民构成可测量的风险。这项风险评估强调了在场址建立明确和科学上严格的土壤补救目标以及了解当地放射性核素本底浓度的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Peptide reactivity assays for skin sensitisation - scope and limitations. 皮肤致敏的肽反应性测定。范围和限制
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2111252
David W Roberts

The direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) is an OECD test guideline method that aims to determine if a chemical is reactive enough to be a skin sensitiser. It involves incubation of the test chemical at 5 mMolar concentration for 24 h with a cysteine-based peptide at 0.5 mMolar concentration and measurement of the percentage depletion (DP) of the peptide. The kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA) is derived from the DPRA and involves incubating the peptide with the test chemical at a range of concentrations and incubation times to produce a data matrix of DP values, which is analysed to give a reactivity parameter logkmax that assigns chemicals to the 1A potency class (high potency) if logkmax reaches the threshold value of -2. Here the DPRA, with a threshold of 47% DP, is compared against the kDPRA for their abilities to distinguish between the 1A and non-1A potency classes. It is found that they perform very similarly against a dataset of 157 chemicals with known potency, with only marginal differences in predictive performance. The thresholds of -2.0 (kDPRA) and 47% DP (DPRA) to distinguish 1A sensitisers are not scientific absolutes but the best compromises for a heterogenous set of data containing classes of chemicals for which different thresholds would be applicable. It is concluded that although the kDPRA represents a major advance towards predicting skin sensitisation potency on a continuous basis without animal testing, it offers no significant advantage over the DPRA for the purpose of 1A classification.

直接肽反应性测定法(DPRA)是经合组织的一种测试指南方法,旨在确定一种化学物质是否具有足够的反应性,足以成为皮肤致敏剂。它包括以5mmol / l浓度的测试化学品与0.5 mmol / l浓度的半胱氨酸肽孵育24小时,并测量肽的消耗百分比(DP)。动态直接肽反应性测定(kDPRA)源于ddpra,涉及在一定浓度和孵育时间下将肽与测试化学品一起孵育,以产生DP值的数据矩阵,如果logkmax达到阈值-2,则对其进行分析以给出反应性参数logkmax,该参数将化学品分配到1A效力类(高效能)。在这里,DPRA的阈值为47% DP,与kDPRA进行比较,以区分1A和非1A效力类的能力。研究发现,它们在157种已知效力的化学物质的数据集上的表现非常相似,在预测性能上只有微小的差异。区分1A致敏物的阈值-2.0 (kDPRA)和47% DP (DPRA)不是科学上的绝对值,但对于包含不同阈值适用的化学品类别的异质数据集来说,这是最佳折衷。结论是,尽管kDPRA代表了在没有动物试验的情况下持续预测皮肤致敏效力方面的重大进步,但在1A分类方面,它与ddpra相比没有明显的优势。
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引用次数: 1
Recent advances in electrochemical and optical sensing of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos: a review. 有机磷毒死蜱的电化学和光学传感研究进展综述。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122770
Athira Sradha S, Louis George, Keerthana P, Anitha Varghese

Chlorpyrifos (CP) is one of the most popular organophosphorus pesticides that is commonly used in agricultural and nonagricultural environments to combat pests. However, several concerns regarding contamination due to the unmitigated use of chlorpyrifos have come up over recent years. This has popularized research on various techniques for chlorpyrifos detection. Since conventional methods do not enable smooth detection, the recent trends of chlorpyrifos detection have shifted toward electrochemical and optical sensing techniques that offer higher sensitivity and selectivity. The objective of this review is to provide a brief overview of some of the important and innovative contributions in the field of electrochemical and optical sensing of chlorpyrifos with a primary focus on the comparative advantages and shortcomings of these techniques. This review paper will help to offer better perspectives for research in organophosphorus pesticide detection in the future.

毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos, CP)是最常用的有机磷农药之一,通常用于农业和非农业环境中防治害虫。然而,近年来出现了一些关于毒死蜱完全使用造成污染的担忧。这使各种毒死蜱检测技术的研究得到推广。由于传统方法不能实现平滑检测,毒死蜱检测的最新趋势已转向提供更高灵敏度和选择性的电化学和光学传感技术。本文综述了毒死蜱电化学和光学传感领域的一些重要和创新成果,重点介绍了这些技术的比较优势和缺点。本文将为今后有机磷农药检测的研究提供更好的思路。
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引用次数: 3
A systematic review on fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in mammals. 氟致哺乳动物表观遗传毒性的系统综述。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771
Satheeswaran Balasubramanian, Ekambaram Perumal

Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). It includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and fluoride toxicity in soft tissues. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity has been reviewed extensively. However, epigenetic regulation in fluoride toxicity has not been reviewed. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies in mammalian systems. We examined four databases for the association between epigenetics and fluoride exposure. Out of 932 articles (as of 31 March 2022), 39 met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on different genes, and overall, preliminary evidence for epigenetic regulation of fluoride toxicity was identified. We further highlight the need for epigenome studies rather than candidate genes and provide recommendations for future research. Our results indicate a correlation between fluoride exposure and epigenetic processes. Further studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the mechanism of epigenetic alterations mediated fluoride toxicity.

氟化物是全球地下水污染物之一,在我们的日常生活中无处不在,来自各种自然和人为来源。为了了解氟化物对生物系统的影响,进行了大量的体外、体内和流行病学研究。据报道,低浓度的氟化物可增进口腔健康,而长期接触高浓度氟化物则会导致氟化物中毒(氟中毒)。它包括氟牙症、氟骨症和软组织氟化物中毒。对氟化物的毒性机制进行了广泛的综述。然而,氟中毒的表观遗传调控尚未见综述。这篇系统综述总结了目前关于氟化物在体外、体内和哺乳动物系统中引起的表观遗传毒性的知识。我们检查了四个数据库,以了解表观遗传学与氟化物暴露之间的关系。在932篇文章中(截至2022年3月31日),39篇符合我们的纳入标准。大多数研究集中在不同的基因上,总体而言,初步证据表明氟毒性的表观遗传调控。我们进一步强调表观基因组研究的必要性,而不是候选基因,并为未来的研究提供建议。我们的研究结果表明氟暴露与表观遗传过程之间存在相关性。需要进一步的研究来阐明和证实表观遗传改变介导的氟化物毒性的机制。
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引用次数: 4
Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies? 铝基佐剂的清除、生物分布和神经调节作用。系统回顾和荟萃分析:我们从动物研究中学到了什么?
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2105688
J-D Masson, L Angrand, G Badran, R de Miguel, G Crépeaux

Aluminum (Al) salts are commonly used as adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines for almost a century. Despite this long history of use and the very large number of exposed individuals, data in the literature concerning the fate of these molecules after injection and their potential effects on the nervous system is limited. In the context of (i) an increase of exposure to Al salts through vaccination; (ii) the absence of safety values determined by health regulators; (iii) the lack of robustness of the studies used as references to officially claim Al adjuvant innocuity; (iv) the publication of several animal studies investigating Al salts clearance/biopersistence and neurotoxicity; we have examined in this review all published studies performed on animals and assessing Al adjuvants kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulation since the first work of A. Glenny in the 1920s. The diversity of methodological approaches, results, and potential weaknesses of the 31 collected studies are exposed. A large range of protocols has been used, including a variety of exposure schedule and analyses methods, making comparisons between studies uneasy. Nevertheless, published data highlight that when biopersistence, translocation, or neuromodulation were assessed, they were documented whatever the different in vivo models and methods used. Moreover, the studies pointed out the crucial importance of the different Al adjuvant physicochemical properties and host genetic background on their kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects. Regarding the state of the art on this key public health topic, further studies are clearly needed to determine the exact safety level of Al salts.

近一个世纪以来,铝(Al)盐通常被用作人用和兽用疫苗的佐剂。尽管有如此悠久的使用历史和大量的暴露个体,但有关这些分子在注射后的命运及其对神经系统的潜在影响的文献数据有限。在(i)通过接种疫苗增加接触铝盐的情况下;(ii)缺乏卫生监管机构确定的安全值;(iii)作为正式宣称Al佐剂无害的参考文献的研究缺乏稳健性;(iv)发表了几项关于Al盐清除/生物持久性和神经毒性的动物研究;在这篇综述中,我们检查了自20世纪20年代A. Glenny首次工作以来所有已发表的动物研究,并评估了Al佐剂的动力学、生物分布和神经调节。所收集的31项研究的方法方法、结果和潜在弱点的多样性被暴露出来。使用了大量的协议,包括各种暴露时间表和分析方法,使得研究之间的比较不容易。然而,已发表的数据强调,当评估生物持久性、易位或神经调节时,无论使用不同的体内模型和方法,它们都被记录下来。此外,研究还指出不同的Al佐剂理化性质和宿主遗传背景对其动力学、生物分布和神经调节作用至关重要。关于这一关键公共卫生主题的最新技术状况,显然需要进一步研究以确定铝盐的确切安全水平。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of BPA substitutes on the prenatal and cardiovascular systems. BPA替代品对产前和心血管系统的影响。
IF 5.9 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2142514
Fatima Abrantes-Soares, Margarida Lorigo, Elisa Cairrao

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous chemical compound constantly being released into the environment, making it one of the most persistent endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) in nature. This EDC has already been associated with developing various pathologies, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular, renal, and behavioral complications, among others. Therefore, over the years, BPA has been replaced, gradually, by its analog compounds. However, these compounds are structurally similar to BPA, so, in recent years, questions have been raised concerning their safety for human health. Numerous investigations have been performed to determine the effects BPA substitutes may cause, particularly during pregnancy and prenatal life. On the other hand, studies investigating the association of these compounds with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been developed. In this sense, this review summarizes the existing literature on the transgenerational transfer of BPA substitutes and the consequent effects on maternal and offspring health following prenatal exposure. In addition, these compounds' effects on the cardiovascular system and the susceptibility to develop CVD will be presented. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the need to investigate further the safety and benefits, or hazards, associated with replacing BPA with its analogs.

双酚A (BPA)是一种无处不在的化合物,不断释放到环境中,使其成为自然界中最持久的内分泌干扰化学物质(EDC)之一。这种EDC已经与各种病理的发展有关,如糖尿病、肥胖、心血管、肾脏和行为并发症等。因此,多年来,双酚a已逐渐被其类似化合物所取代。然而,这些化合物在结构上与双酚a相似,因此,近年来,人们对它们对人体健康的安全性提出了质疑。为了确定BPA替代品可能造成的影响,特别是在怀孕和产前生活期间,已经进行了大量的调查。另一方面,已经开展了调查这些化合物与心血管疾病(CVD)发展之间关系的研究。从这个意义上说,本文综述了现有的关于双酚a代用品的代际转移及其对产前暴露后母亲和后代健康的影响的文献。此外,还将介绍这些化合物对心血管系统的影响以及发生CVD的易感性。因此,这篇综述的目的是强调有必要进一步调查用类似物代替双酚a的安全性、益处或危害。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Critical Reviews in Toxicology
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