Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132111
M. Tsuji, H. Shigesawa
In an open periodic structure with finite length, a new interaction between the guided-wave and the leaky-wave regions in the omega - beta diagram does occur. The effect of such an interaction on the characteristics is investigated rigorously by using our network approach already proposed. Numerical calculations show that the finite length of periodic structures significantly affects the stopband characteristics of the first Bragg reflection region, especially in producing a complicated behavior of the return loss due to radiation. This paper also shows that such a return loss behavior can be easily estimated from the radiation characteristics of only the first step discontinuity of the periodic structure.
{"title":"Mutual Interference Between the Guided Wave and the Leaky Wave Regions and its Effects on the Performance of Dielectric Grating Filters","authors":"M. Tsuji, H. Shigesawa","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132111","url":null,"abstract":"In an open periodic structure with finite length, a new interaction between the guided-wave and the leaky-wave regions in the omega - beta diagram does occur. The effect of such an interaction on the characteristics is investigated rigorously by using our network approach already proposed. Numerical calculations show that the finite length of periodic structures significantly affects the stopband characteristics of the first Bragg reflection region, especially in producing a complicated behavior of the return loss due to radiation. This paper also shows that such a return loss behavior can be easily estimated from the radiation characteristics of only the first step discontinuity of the periodic structure.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"31 17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131190746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132118
K. Agarwal
This paper reports the first application of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in microwave oscillators. A dielectric resonator (DR) is used to stabilize a 4-GHz shunt feedback oscillator. Using an npn grounded emitter GaAs HBT with 1.2- to 1.5-µm emitter width, microwave oscillator power in excess of 10 dBm with 30% efficiency was achieved. The oscillator frequency stability of 3 ppm/°C over -30° to + 70°C, and FM noise of -73 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz off-carrier was measured. With further design optimization, improved performance is expected. The HBT phase-noise performance is comparable to silicon-bipolar and is superior to GaAs FET. A mechanical tuning using metal screw gives a 9% tuning for 1-dB change in output power as compared to about 3% for dielectric tuning (epsilon/sub r/ = 38). The dielectric tuning as implemented provides a controlled tuning slope but is found to be susceptible to mode jumping beyond 3% range.
{"title":"Dielectric Resonator Oscillators Using GaAs/(Ga,A1)As Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors","authors":"K. Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the first application of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in microwave oscillators. A dielectric resonator (DR) is used to stabilize a 4-GHz shunt feedback oscillator. Using an npn grounded emitter GaAs HBT with 1.2- to 1.5-µm emitter width, microwave oscillator power in excess of 10 dBm with 30% efficiency was achieved. The oscillator frequency stability of 3 ppm/°C over -30° to + 70°C, and FM noise of -73 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz off-carrier was measured. With further design optimization, improved performance is expected. The HBT phase-noise performance is comparable to silicon-bipolar and is superior to GaAs FET. A mechanical tuning using metal screw gives a 9% tuning for 1-dB change in output power as compared to about 3% for dielectric tuning (epsilon/sub r/ = 38). The dielectric tuning as implemented provides a controlled tuning slope but is found to be susceptible to mode jumping beyond 3% range.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132145791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132225
D. Willems, J. Owens
A MSW delay line operating at 14.4 GHz has been developed. The delay line has a minimum insertion loss of 15 dB and a VSWR of less than 2.0:1 across a 600 MHz bandwidth. This unit, including the biasing magnet, occupies a volume of four cubic inches and weighs less than one pound. A comparable coaxial delay line is 15 meters long, occupies 200 cubic inches and weighs 60 ounces. This paper presents the design techniques and data.
{"title":"A Ku Band MSW Delay Line","authors":"D. Willems, J. Owens","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132225","url":null,"abstract":"A MSW delay line operating at 14.4 GHz has been developed. The delay line has a minimum insertion loss of 15 dB and a VSWR of less than 2.0:1 across a 600 MHz bandwidth. This unit, including the biasing magnet, occupies a volume of four cubic inches and weighs less than one pound. A comparable coaxial delay line is 15 meters long, occupies 200 cubic inches and weighs 60 ounces. This paper presents the design techniques and data.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132582320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132217
K. Hirai, H. Takamatsu, S. Morikawa, N. Tomita
5-GHz 20-watt GaAs FET amplifier using two state-of-the-art high power FETs in the final stage was developed for MLS applications. GaAs FET limiter with unique input/output characteristics and efficient operation of the final FETs were studied for this purpose. Stabilization of output power within 1dB peak-to-peak by means of open loop control was achieved of PIN diode attenuator.
{"title":"5-GHz 20-Watt GaAs FET Amplifier for MLS","authors":"K. Hirai, H. Takamatsu, S. Morikawa, N. Tomita","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132217","url":null,"abstract":"5-GHz 20-watt GaAs FET amplifier using two state-of-the-art high power FETs in the final stage was developed for MLS applications. GaAs FET limiter with unique input/output characteristics and efficient operation of the final FETs were studied for this purpose. Stabilization of output power within 1dB peak-to-peak by means of open loop control was achieved of PIN diode attenuator.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133216760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132128
Ching-Kuang C. Tzuang, Qiu Zhang, T. Itoh
The Schottky contacted slow-wave structure is analyzed for the first time without use of a layered model approximation for the localized depletion region. A general finite element code is developed for the analysis. Both microstrip and coplanar configurations are studied.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Slow-Wave Schottky Printed Line","authors":"Ching-Kuang C. Tzuang, Qiu Zhang, T. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132128","url":null,"abstract":"The Schottky contacted slow-wave structure is analyzed for the first time without use of a layered model approximation for the localized depletion region. A general finite element code is developed for the analysis. Both microstrip and coplanar configurations are studied.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124374952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132133
W. Yau, J. Schellenberg, Y. Shih
A new N-way broadband planar power combiner/ divider was developed for ultra-broadband MMIC applications utilizing Dolph-Tchebycheff transmission line taper. The combiner/divider demonstrated a 5 to 18 GHz bandwidth with an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB and an input VSWR of no more than 1.35.
{"title":"A New N-Way Broadband Planar Power Combiner/Divider","authors":"W. Yau, J. Schellenberg, Y. Shih","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132133","url":null,"abstract":"A new N-way broadband planar power combiner/ divider was developed for ultra-broadband MMIC applications utilizing Dolph-Tchebycheff transmission line taper. The combiner/divider demonstrated a 5 to 18 GHz bandwidth with an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB and an input VSWR of no more than 1.35.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132295
C. Boyd
A ferrite phase shifter configuration is described, that is capable of coupling one input to two outputs with low insertion loss and arbitary insertion phase. In planar phased-array antennas, this approach can provide reciprocal beam-forming with the number of phase shifters reduced to half the number of elements.
{"title":"An Adjustable-Phase Power Divider","authors":"C. Boyd","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132295","url":null,"abstract":"A ferrite phase shifter configuration is described, that is capable of coupling one input to two outputs with low insertion loss and arbitary insertion phase. In planar phased-array antennas, this approach can provide reciprocal beam-forming with the number of phase shifters reduced to half the number of elements.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114881627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132184
M. Rodwell, M. Riaziat, K. Weingarten, D. Bloom
The internal signal propagation and saturation characteristics of two monolithic microwave travelling-wave amplifiers (TWA) are measured by electro-optic sampling. Gate and drainline responses are compared with theory and simulation, leading to revisions in the FET models. Drain voltage frequency dependence and harmonic current propagation together lead to more complex saturation behavior than is discussed in the literature.
{"title":"Internal Microwave Propagation and Distortion Characteristics of Travelling-Wave Amplifiers Studied by Electro-Optic Sampling","authors":"M. Rodwell, M. Riaziat, K. Weingarten, D. Bloom","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132184","url":null,"abstract":"The internal signal propagation and saturation characteristics of two monolithic microwave travelling-wave amplifiers (TWA) are measured by electro-optic sampling. Gate and drainline responses are compared with theory and simulation, leading to revisions in the FET models. Drain voltage frequency dependence and harmonic current propagation together lead to more complex saturation behavior than is discussed in the literature.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125794554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132305
J. Guerquin-Kern, M. Hagmann, C. K. Charny, R. L. Levin
A series of experiments has been carried out in order to characterize a MAPA applicator prior to possible clinical implementation. The energy deposition patterns were determined in several human limb models of different complexities. The maximum energy deposition observed in a homogeneous cylindrical phantom was found to be at the middle of the applicator. For more realistically shaped, homogeneous limb models, the point of maximum energy deposition was shifted towards a smaller cross-sectional region; this was also the case for isolated human legs. Furthermore, significant heating was observed in the bone of the isolated legs. Such phenomena illustrate the limitation of using classical 2-D numerical models for predicting the energy deposition patterns in heterogeneous bodies.
{"title":"Energy Deposition Patterns Within Limb Models Heated with a Mini Annular Phased Array (MAPA) Applicator","authors":"J. Guerquin-Kern, M. Hagmann, C. K. Charny, R. L. Levin","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132305","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments has been carried out in order to characterize a MAPA applicator prior to possible clinical implementation. The energy deposition patterns were determined in several human limb models of different complexities. The maximum energy deposition observed in a homogeneous cylindrical phantom was found to be at the middle of the applicator. For more realistically shaped, homogeneous limb models, the point of maximum energy deposition was shifted towards a smaller cross-sectional region; this was also the case for isolated human legs. Furthermore, significant heating was observed in the bone of the isolated legs. Such phenomena illustrate the limitation of using classical 2-D numerical models for predicting the energy deposition patterns in heterogeneous bodies.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129893770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-02DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132126
A. Omar, K. Schonemann, J. Piotrowski
The effect of ignoring complex modes on the solution of finline discontinuity problems is investigated. It is shown that the modal energy distribution at both sides of the discontinuity may be greatly affected by overlooking complex modes, even if they are not strongly excited. Comparison to measured data is also given to justify the validity of the numerical results.
{"title":"Effect of Complex Modes on Finline Discontinuities","authors":"A. Omar, K. Schonemann, J. Piotrowski","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1986.1132126","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of ignoring complex modes on the solution of finline discontinuity problems is investigated. It is shown that the modal energy distribution at both sides of the discontinuity may be greatly affected by overlooking complex modes, even if they are not strongly excited. Comparison to measured data is also given to justify the validity of the numerical results.","PeriodicalId":109161,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130820624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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