Current opinion in microbiology最新文献

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Induced pluripotent stem cell–based tissue models to study malaria: a new player in the research game

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102585

François Korbmacher , Maria Bernabeu

Most in vitro studies on parasite development and pathogenesis in the human host have been conducted using traditional primary or immortalized cells, despite their inherent limitations. Breakthroughs in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are revolutionizing disease modeling, offering alternatives to traditional in vivo and in vitro infection models. Human iPSCs differentiate into all cell types, proliferate indefinitely, and offer experimental advantages, like genome editing and donor control. iPSCs can be engineered into complex 3D tissue models that closely mimic morphology and function of their in vivo counterparts and allow for precise experimental manipulation.

The physiological complexity of iPSC-based tissue models has improved rapidly. Given Plasmodium's systemic impact across multiple organs, these models provide an invaluable resource for studying parasite–tissue interactions. This opinion article focuses on recent developments of iPSC-based models for Plasmodium research. We describe the main highlights and potential use of these systems while acknowledging current limitations.

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引用次数: 0

Can a microbial community become an evolutionary individual?

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102596

Afra Salazar , Sara Mitri

Microbial communities provide crucial services for human well-being, driving an interest in designing and controlling them towards optimised or novel functions. Unfortunately, promising strategies such as community breeding — sometimes referred to as ‘directed evolution’ or ‘artificial community selection’ — have shown limited success. A key issue is that microbial communities do not reliably exhibit heritable variation, limiting their capacity for adaptive evolution. In other words, microbial communities are not evolutionary individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on evolutionary transitions in individuality and, with insights from paradigmatic organisms, build a multidimensional space in which the individuality of a multispecies community is characterised by three ecological traits: positive interactions, functional integration, and entrenchment. We then place microbial communities within this individuality space, explore how they can be directed toward increased individuality, and discuss how this perspective can help improve our approach to community breeding.

引用次数: 0

Targeted isolation of piperazate-containing molecules: bioinformatics and spectroscopy

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102584

Mostafa Hagar , Sangwook Kang , Raymond J Andersen , Dong-Chan Oh , Katherine S Ryan

Piperazic acid (Piz) is an intriguing hydrazine-containing amino acid found in a diverse variety of natural products, the majority of which are bioactive. Recently, several approaches have been reported for targeted isolation of Piz-containing molecules, combining spectroscopic techniques for screening Piz moieties with recent advances in Piz biosynthesis. Here, we highlight bioactive natural products recently isolated using these methods and bring into focus structural elucidation challenges impeding the discovery of more Piz-containing molecules.

引用次数: 0

Protein families secreted by nematodes to modulate host immunity

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102582

Florent Colomb, Henry J McSorley

Parasitic nematodes release a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins, which allow them to escape the host’s immune-mediated killing or ejection mechanisms. This immunomodulation is mediated by nematode excretory/secretory (E/S) products, which contain multiple families of immunomodulatory proteins. Many of these families are conserved across different parasitic nematodes, while others are apparently unique to specific species. While some E/S products interact with host proteins, others have evolved to target host lipids, glycans, and metabolites. In this review, we will focus on three families of immunomodulatory proteins, which are particularly expanded in intestinal nematodes: the venom allergen-like proteins, the apyrases, and the complement control protein domain-containing proteins. These families of proteins suppress host immune responses, and evidence is gathering that these could be effective vaccine antigens against these intractable parasites.

引用次数: 0

A CRISPR view on genetic screens in Toxoplasma gondii 刚地弓形虫基因筛选的CRISPR观点。

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102577

Franziska Hildebrandt , Ana N. Matias , Moritz Treeck

Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have revolutionised the study of genes in a variety of organisms, including unicellular parasites. Today, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology is vastly applied in high-throughput screens to investigate interactions between the Apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and its hosts. In vitro and in vivo T. gondii screens performed in naive and restrictive conditions have led to the discovery of essential and fitness-conferring T. gondii genes, as well as factors important for virulence and dissemination. Recent studies have adapted the CRISPR-Cas9 screening technology to study T. gondii genes based on phenotypes unrelated to parasite survival. These advances were achieved by using conditional systems coupled with imaging, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing and phenotypic selection. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of CRISPR-Cas9 screening technologies with a focus on T. gondii, highlighting strengths, current limitations and future avenues for its development, including its application to other Apicomplexan species.

CRISPR-Cas9等基因组编辑技术已经彻底改变了对多种生物（包括单细胞寄生虫）基因的研究。今天，CRISPR-Cas9技术被广泛应用于高通量筛选，以研究顶复合体寄生虫弓形虫与其宿主之间的相互作用。在初始条件和限制性条件下进行的体外和体内弓形虫筛查已经发现了必不可少的和具有适应性的弓形虫基因，以及对毒力和传播至关重要的因素。最近的研究采用CRISPR-Cas9筛选技术，基于与寄生虫生存无关的表型研究弓形虫基因。这些进步是通过使用条件系统结合成像，以及单细胞RNA测序和表型选择来实现的。在这里，我们回顾了最新的CRISPR-Cas9筛选技术，重点是弓形虫，突出了其优势，当前的局限性和未来的发展途径，包括其在其他顶复合体物种中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Gram-positive pathogens, inflammation, and the host lipid environment

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102581

Reginald A Woods , Sarai Guzman Vela , Francis Alonzo III

The host lipid environment is a barrier to bacterial infection that comprises antimicrobial fatty acids and impermeable lipids that keep infectious agents from penetrating tissues. Bacterial and host lipids also signal to the immune system to regulate inflammation. Notably, bacterial lipids activate Toll-like receptors to initiate cytokine production, immune cell recruitment, and oxidative burst to control infection. Bacterial pathogens must adapt to the lipid environment, including bactericidal host fatty acids and inflammatory lipids, in ways that promote persistence in diverse tissues. Here, we discuss current advances in the understanding of Staphylococcus aureus lipid interactions that contribute to inflammation and innate immunity and consider the complex roles of host inflammatory lipids in driving immune defenses and antibacterial activity. In addition, we endeavor to introduce similar processes in other Gram-positive pathogens. These recent studies highlight the growing body of knowledge on the effects of lipid metabolism on host immunity and pathogenesis.

引用次数: 0

Harnessing gut microbial communities to unravel microbiome functions 利用肠道微生物群落来揭示微生物群的功能。

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102578

Samir Giri , Handuo Shi , Athanasios Typas , Kerwyn Casey Huang

The gut microbiome impacts human health in direct and indirect ways. While many associations have been discovered between specific microbiome compositions and diseases, establishing causality, understanding the underlying mechanisms, and developing successful microbiome-based therapies require novel experimental approaches. In this opinion, we discuss how in vitro cultivation of diverse communities enables systematic investigation of the individual and collective functions of gut microbes. Up to now, the field has relied mostly on simple, bottom-up assembled synthetic communities or more complex, undefined stool-derived communities. Although powerful for dissecting interactions and mapping causal effects, these communities suffer either from ignoring the complexity, diversity, coevolution, and dynamics of natural communities or from lack of control of community composition. These limitations can be overcome in the future by establishing personalized culture collections from stool samples of different donors and assembling personalized communities to investigate native interactions and ecological relationships in a controlled manner.

肠道微生物群以直接和间接的方式影响人类健康。虽然已经发现了特定微生物组组成与疾病之间的许多关联，但建立因果关系、了解潜在机制和开发成功的基于微生物组的治疗方法需要新的实验方法。在这种观点下，我们讨论了如何在体外培养不同的群落能够系统地研究肠道微生物的个体和集体功能。到目前为止，该领域主要依赖于简单的，自下而上组装的合成群落或更复杂的，未定义的粪便衍生群落。尽管这些群落在剖析相互作用和绘制因果关系方面很强大，但它们要么忽视了自然群落的复杂性、多样性、共同进化和动态，要么缺乏对群落组成的控制。这些限制可以在未来通过从不同捐赠者的粪便样本中建立个性化的培养收集，并以可控的方式组建个性化的社区来调查当地的相互作用和生态关系来克服。

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引用次数: 0

The architecture of theory and data in microbiome design: towards an S-matrix for microbiomes

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102580

Shreya Arya , Ashish B George , James O'Dwyer

Designing microbiomes for applications in health, bioengineering, and sustainability is intrinsically linked to a fundamental theoretical understanding of the rules governing microbial community assembly. Microbial ecologists have used a range of mathematical models to understand, predict, and control microbiomes, ranging from mechanistic models, putting microbial populations and their interactions as the focus, to purely statistical approaches, searching for patterns in empirical and experimental data. We review the success and limitations of these modeling approaches when designing novel microbiomes, especially when guided by (inevitably) incomplete experimental data. Although successful at predicting generic patterns of community assembly, mechanistic and phenomenological models tend to fall short of the precision needed to design and implement specific functionality in a microbiome. We argue that to effectively design microbiomes with optimal functions in diverse environments, ecologists should combine data-driven techniques with mechanistic models — a middle, third way for using theory to inform design.

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引用次数: 0

Alginate catabolic systems in marine bacteria 海藻酸盐在海洋细菌中的分解代谢系统。

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102564

Fei Xu , Xiu-Lan Chen , Yu-Zhong Zhang

Brown algae, constituting the second largest group of marine macroalgae, fix significant amounts of inorganic carbon into alginate, the most abundant polysaccharide found in their cell walls. Alginate serves as an important macromolecular carbon source for marine bacteria. The catabolism of alginate by bacteria is an important step in the marine carbon cycle, and this area of research has attracted growing interests over the past decade. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of marine bacterial alginate catabolic systems, both in individual organisms and within bacterial consortia, discuss the possibility of additional alginate metabolic pathways in light of the present findings, and highlight the future research foci.

褐藻是海洋大型藻类的第二大群体，它们将大量的无机碳固定在藻酸盐中，而藻酸盐是它们细胞壁中含量最多的多糖。藻酸盐是海洋细菌重要的大分子碳源。海藻酸盐的细菌分解代谢是海洋碳循环的一个重要步骤，这一研究领域在过去十年中引起了越来越多的兴趣。在这里，我们概述了我们对海洋细菌藻酸盐分解代谢系统的最新进展，无论是在个体生物还是在细菌群体中，根据目前的发现讨论了其他藻酸盐代谢途径的可能性，并强调了未来的研究重点。

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the potential of natural products in antimycobacterial therapy: advances in drug discovery and semisynthetic solutions 重新审视天然产物在抗细菌治疗中的潜力：药物发现和半合成解决方案的进展。

IF 5.9 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102576

Maya George, Gerard D Wright

Natural products have been pivotal in treating mycobacterial infections with early antibiotics such as streptomycin, forming the foundation of tuberculosis therapy. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium species has intensified the need for novel antimycobacterial agents. In this review, we revisit the historical contributions of natural products to antimycobacterial drug discovery and highlight recent advances in the field. We assess the application of molecular networking and the exploration of unculturable bacteria in identifying new antimycobacterial compounds such as amycobactin and levesquamides. We also highlight the role of semisynthesis in optimizing natural products, exemplified by sequanamycins and spectinomycin analogs that evade M. tuberculosis’ intrinsic resistance. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies that are promising to accelerate the discovery and development of next-generation antimycobacterial therapies. Despite ongoing challenges, these innovative approaches offer renewed hope in addressing the growing crisis of drug-resistant mycobacterial infections.

天然产物在用链霉素等早期抗生素治疗分枝杆菌感染方面起着关键作用，形成了结核病治疗的基础。然而，多药耐药和广泛耐药分枝杆菌物种的出现加剧了对新型抗细菌药物的需求。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了天然产物对抗真菌药物发现的历史贡献，并重点介绍了该领域的最新进展。我们评估了分子网络和探索不可培养细菌在鉴定新的抗真菌化合物（如amycoactin和levesquamides）中的应用。我们还强调了半合成在优化天然产物中的作用，例如红霉素和大观霉素类似物可以逃避结核分枝杆菌的内在耐药性。最后，我们讨论了有望加速下一代抗细菌疗法的发现和开发的新兴技术。尽管面临着持续的挑战，但这些创新方法为解决日益严重的耐药分枝杆菌感染危机带来了新的希望。

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引用次数: 0

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