Current opinion in microbiology最新文献

英文中文

Emerging governance considerations for the deployment of genetically engineered microbes 对基因工程微生物部署的新兴治理考虑

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102685

Avery M Brewer , Dalton R George , Emma K Frow

In this review, we identify emerging trends in the governance and policy landscape surrounding the real-world deployment of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs), focusing on the United States and Europe. A recent wave of commercialized GEMs in the US suggests that interest in developing GEMs for open release might be on the rise, after a 40-year period of very low commercial activity. GEMs are receiving renewed attention for their potential roles in agriculture, sustainable manufacturing, biosensing, environmental restoration, energy production, and human health. Advances in genetic modification technologies, combined with the growing number of possible open release applications for GEMs, stand to challenge existing governance frameworks in several ways. First, the feasibility of either strict product- or process-based regulatory frameworks for biotechnology is being increasingly tested. Second, the desirability of long-term persistence and ecological action of GEMs in some application contexts complicates the logic of typical risk assessments for deliberate release of genetically modified organisms. Synergistic, long-term, and indirect impacts of open release are challenging to reliably predict and call for risk assessment methods able to accommodate high levels of uncertainty or ignorance. Third, increasing variety in application types for GEMs is likely to yield new business models and routes to market. Approaches such as direct-to-consumer marketing raise challenging questions around stewardship, consent, transborder movement, and monitoring of GEMs. This constellation of issues will benefit from interdisciplinary research and stakeholder deliberation at local, national, and international levels to promote robust and adaptable GEM governance in the coming decades.

在这篇综述中，我们确定了围绕现实世界中基因工程微生物（GEMs）部署的治理和政策格局的新趋势，重点是美国和欧洲。在经历了40年的低商业活动之后，美国最近一波商业化的GEMs表明，开发公开发布的GEMs的兴趣可能正在上升。GEMs因其在农业、可持续制造、生物传感、环境恢复、能源生产和人类健康方面的潜在作用而重新受到关注。遗传修饰技术的进步，结合gem可能的开放发布应用程序的数量的增长，将在几个方面挑战现有的治理框架。首先，严格的基于产品或基于过程的生物技术管理框架的可行性正在受到越来越多的考验。其次，在某些应用环境中，GEMs的长期持久性和生态作用的可取性使故意释放转基因生物的典型风险评估的逻辑复杂化。开放释放的协同、长期和间接影响是具有挑战性的，难以可靠地预测，并且需要能够适应高度不确定性或无知的风险评估方法。第三，GEMs应用程序类型的增加可能产生新的商业模式和进入市场的途径。直接面向消费者的营销等方法提出了关于gem管理、许可、跨境移动和监控等具有挑战性的问题。这一系列问题将受益于地方、国家和国际层面的跨学科研究和利益相关者审议，以促进未来几十年健全和适应性强的创业板治理。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Assembly and maturation of methyl-coenzyme M reductase in methanogenic archaea” [Curr Opin Microbiol, 87 (2025) 102637] “甲基辅酶M还原酶在产甲烷古菌中的组装和成熟”[j] .微生物学报，87(2025):102637。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102684

Sophia A Adler , Grayson L Chadwick , Dipti D Nayak

引用次数: 0

Current perspectives of host-pathogen dynamics in coccidioidomycosis 球孢子菌病宿主-病原体动力学的最新研究进展

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102682

Matthew M Morales , Katrina M Jackson , Bridget M Barker

Coccidioidomycosis (CM), commonly known as Valley fever, is a respiratory infection caused by the inhalation or implantation of infectious arthroconidia produced by the dimorphic human fungal pathogens Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii from the environment. The current endemic range includes the southwestern region of the United States and parts of South and Central America. Infected individuals may experience a spectrum of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe respiratory symptoms. Importantly, the fungus can disseminate to other tissues to produce severe symptoms, and in some cases, death. Despite significant effort from Coccidioides researchers to develop effective vaccines against Valley fever, there is currently no human vaccine available. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding host immune response and addressing knowledge gaps in the field.

球孢子菌病（ccidiidomycosis， CM），俗称谷热，是一种呼吸道感染，由吸入或植入由环境中的二态人类真菌病原体球孢子虫（coccidiides immitis）和波萨达球孢子虫（coccidiides posadasii）产生的传染性关节孢子引起。目前的流行范围包括美国西南部地区以及南美洲和中美洲的部分地区。受感染者可能出现从无症状到严重呼吸道症状的一系列症状。重要的是，真菌可以传播到其他组织，产生严重的症状，在某些情况下，死亡。尽管球虫研究人员为开发有效的谷热疫苗做出了巨大努力，但目前还没有可用的人类疫苗。本文综述了在了解宿主免疫反应和解决该领域知识空白方面的最新进展。

引用次数: 0

Host immunometabolic regulation through viral sensing pathways 通过病毒感知途径的宿主免疫代谢调节。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102683

Ana Julia Estumano Martins , Thaís Pirola dos Santos , Wilias Greison Silva Santos , Enzo Triozzi , Pedro M Moraes-Vieira

Viruses are intracellular pathogens that have profoundly influenced biological evolution and continue to threaten global health through outbreaks such as influenza and COVID-19. Their ability to evade host immunity stems from evolutionary adaptations that manipulate cellular defense mechanisms. A critical aspect of virus–host interactions involves cellular receptors, which facilitate viral entry and trigger immune signaling. Among these, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other proteins serve as key sensors of viral components, coordinating immune responses while reprogramming host metabolism to sustain antiviral defenses. However, many viruses hijack these metabolic changes to enhance replication, evade immune surveillance, or dysregulate cytokine production. This review explores how host cell virus-sensitive proteins, particularly PRRs and metabolically active proteins, modulate cellular metabolism during infection, shaping immune outcomes and revealing potential therapeutic targets for antiviral intervention.

病毒是细胞内病原体，深刻影响生物进化，并通过流感和COVID-19等疫情继续威胁全球健康。它们逃避宿主免疫的能力源于操纵细胞防御机制的进化适应。病毒与宿主相互作用的一个关键方面涉及细胞受体，它促进病毒进入并触发免疫信号。其中，模式识别受体（PRRs）和其他蛋白质作为病毒成分的关键传感器，协调免疫反应，同时重新编程宿主代谢以维持抗病毒防御。然而，许多病毒劫持这些代谢变化来增强复制，逃避免疫监视，或失调细胞因子的产生。这篇综述探讨了宿主细胞病毒敏感蛋白，特别是PRRs和代谢活性蛋白，在感染过程中如何调节细胞代谢，塑造免疫结果并揭示抗病毒干预的潜在治疗靶点。

引用次数: 0

The cell envelope of diderm bacteria: a unified scaffold, not a stack of layers diderm细菌的细胞包膜：一个统一的支架，而不是一层一层的堆叠

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102681

Michaël Deghelt , Elisa S. Pierre Despas , Jean-François Collet

The cell envelope of diderm (Gram-negative) bacteria is a defining structural and functional feature, ensuring mechanical integrity, supporting growth, and enabling adaptation to diverse environments. Traditionally viewed as a stack of discrete layers — the inner membrane, peptidoglycan, and outer membrane — this architecture is now recognized as a mechanically and physiologically integrated system. Recent advances have shown that envelope components are assembled and maintained in a coordinated manner, with physical and functional linkages bridging the different layers. In this review, we examine how these connections contribute to envelope biogenesis, homeostasis, and stress adaptation, using Escherichia coli as a reference model. We also discuss the evolutionary diversity of peptidoglycan-outer membrane attachment strategies across bacterial phyla, highlighting their conserved role in maintaining envelope cohesion. Together, these findings support a revised view of the envelope as a unified and dynamic structure, whose integrity depends on the coordinated activity of all its components.

革兰氏阴性菌（diderm，革兰氏阴性菌）的细胞包膜是一种决定性的结构和功能特征，确保其机械完整性，支持其生长，并使其能够适应不同的环境。传统上被认为是一堆离散的层——内膜、肽聚糖和外膜——这种结构现在被认为是一个机械和生理上的综合系统。最近的进展表明，围护结构组件以协调的方式组装和维护，物理和功能联系连接不同的层。在这篇综述中，我们以大肠杆菌为参考模型，研究这些连接如何促进包膜生物发生、体内平衡和应激适应。我们还讨论了跨细菌门的肽聚糖外膜附着策略的进化多样性，强调了它们在维持包膜内聚方面的保守作用。总之，这些发现支持了一种修订后的观点，即包络层是一个统一的动态结构，其完整性取决于其所有组成部分的协调活动。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Antibiotic discovery: Feeding the pipeline or finding new pipes? 编辑概述：抗生素的发现：喂养管道还是寻找新的管道？

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102680

Joshua AV Blodgett , Justin R Nodwell

引用次数: 0

Subcellular organization of the archaeal cell 古细菌细胞的亚细胞组织。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102679

Arthur Charles-Orszag , Sonja-Verena Albers

Bacteria and archaea generally do not possess membrane-bound internal compartments. However, they both need to specifically control the localization of proteins (e.g. to the septum during cell division or to the cell poles as is the case for the archaellation machinery), spatially separate incompatible biochemical reactions, or actively transport larger intracellular cargos such as chromosomes. Yet, little is known about whether and how the distribution of certain proteins, DNA, or other molecules is regulated in archaea. Here, we will present examples of intracellular compartments in archaea and discuss recent mechanistic insights into how archaeal cells control the subcellular localization of molecular machines.

细菌和古细菌一般不具有膜结合的内部隔室。然而，它们都需要特异性地控制蛋白质的定位（例如，在细胞分裂期间到隔膜或到细胞极，如起源机制的情况下），空间分离不相容的生化反应，或主动运输较大的细胞内货物，如染色体。然而，对于某些蛋白质、DNA或其他分子的分布是否以及如何在古细菌中受到调节，我们知之甚少。在这里，我们将展示古细菌细胞内区室的例子，并讨论最近关于古细菌细胞如何控制分子机器的亚细胞定位的机制见解。

引用次数: 0

Crosstalk between malaria and host proteome during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle 红细胞发育周期中疟疾与宿主蛋白质组间的串扰。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102678

Samuel Pazicky, Zbynek Bozdech

Like all pathogenic infectious agents, Plasmodium falciparum, the deadly malaria parasite, modulates its host environment as a part of its evolutionary adaptation to thrive, proliferate, and ultimately sustain its transmission. During their asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle, the parasites remodel the cytoplasm and surface of the host red blood cell (RBC) and alter its deformability. There is, however, also growing evidence that Plasmodium engages, modifies, and imports specific RBC proteins to facilitate specific biological functions essential for its growth and development within the human host. Although most mechanistic elements behind these processes are poorly understood, targeting the host proteome engagements to design host-directed antimalarial therapy has been stipulated for many decades. Here, we review research characterizing various roles of the erythrocyte proteome for the blood stage development of P. falciparum and discuss its potential for novel malaria intervention strategies.

与所有致病性传染因子一样，致命的疟疾寄生虫恶性疟原虫（Plasmodium falciparum）调节其宿主环境，作为其进化适应的一部分，以茁壮成长、增殖并最终维持其传播。在它们的无性红细胞发育周期中，寄生虫重塑宿主红细胞（RBC）的细胞质和表面并改变其变形性。然而，也有越来越多的证据表明，疟原虫参与、修饰和进口特定的红细胞蛋白，以促进其在人类宿主内生长和发育所必需的特定生物学功能。虽然这些过程背后的大多数机制因素尚不清楚，但针对宿主蛋白质组接合设计宿主定向抗疟疾疗法已经规定了几十年。在这里，我们回顾了红细胞蛋白质组在恶性疟原虫血液阶段发展中的各种作用的研究，并讨论了其在新型疟疾干预策略中的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Microbial biomolecular condensates: from conserved principles to synthetic biology opportunities 微生物分子凝聚物：从保守原理到合成生物学的机会。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102677

Donté A Stevens, Keren Lasker

Biomolecular condensates are membraneless compartments that organize cellular activities by selectively concentrating molecules into dynamic, reversible assemblies. Once thought to be a eukaryotic innovation, condensates are now recognized as a broadly distributed compartmentalization strategy, shaped by conserved physical principles and adapted across diverse microbial lineages. In this review, we examine how condensates operate across the microbial domains of life, revealing a modular framework where shared biophysical rules are tuned by evolutionary forces to meet distinct cellular demands. Understanding the interplay between constraint and innovation deepens our view of microbial cell biology and enables the design of programmable condensates for synthetic applications.

生物分子凝聚体是一种无膜的隔室，通过选择性地将分子浓缩成动态的、可逆的组合来组织细胞活动。凝析物曾经被认为是真核生物的创新，现在被认为是一种广泛分布的区隔化策略，由保守的物理原理形成，并适应于不同的微生物谱系。在这篇综述中，我们研究了凝析物是如何在生命的微生物领域中运作的，揭示了一个模块化的框架，在这个框架中，共同的生物物理规则被进化力量调整，以满足不同的细胞需求。理解约束和创新之间的相互作用加深了我们对微生物细胞生物学的看法，并使可编程冷凝物的设计用于合成应用。

引用次数: 0

The complex developmental mechanisms of nucleus-forming jumbo phages 巨核噬菌体的复杂发育机制

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Current opinion in microbiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2025.102676

Deepto Mozumdar , David A. Agard , Joseph Bondy-Denomy

Bacteriophages related to the jumbo phage ΦKZ (Family: Chimalliviridae) exhibit a complex developmental cycle. First, two large macromolecular compartments are assembled that surround and protect the bacteriophage genome. Upon infection, the injected phage genomic DNA (gDNA) is rapidly enclosed within a lipid-based ‘early phage infection (EPI) vesicle’, assembled with bacterial membrane components and injected phage proteins. The EPI vesicle serves as a hub for early transcription and localized protein synthesis. One early-expressed protein, Chimallin A (ChmA)/Phage Nuclear Enclosure (PhuN), assembles a distinct proteinaceous ‘phage nucleus’ that receives the phage gDNA from the EPI vesicle. Within this phage nucleus, phage DNA is replicated and transcribed by selectively imported phage and host enzymes. The EPI vesicle, phage nucleus, and packaged capsid completely isolate the phage gDNA from nucleases in the bacterial cytoplasm. Here, we review the complex jumbo phage infection cycle, anti-immune strategies, their respective roles in supporting infection, and recent tools used to dissect these intricate processes.

与巨型噬菌体ΦKZ相关的噬菌体（科：Chimalliviridae）表现出复杂的发育周期。首先，组装两个围绕并保护噬菌体基因组的大分子隔室。感染后，注射的噬菌体基因组DNA （gDNA）被迅速包裹在一个基于脂质的“早期噬菌体感染（EPI）囊泡”中，该囊泡由细菌膜成分和注射的噬菌体蛋白组装而成。EPI囊泡是早期转录和局部蛋白合成的枢纽。一种早期表达的蛋白，Chimallin A (ChmA)/Phage Nuclear Enclosure (PhuN)，组装一个独特的蛋白质“噬菌体核”，接收来自EPI囊泡的噬菌体gDNA。在这个噬菌体细胞核内，噬菌体DNA被选择性导入的噬菌体和宿主酶复制和转录。EPI囊泡、噬菌体核和包装衣壳完全将噬菌体dna从细菌细胞质中的核酸酶中分离出来。在这里，我们回顾了复杂的巨型噬菌体感染周期，抗免疫策略，它们各自在支持感染中的作用，以及最近用于解剖这些复杂过程的工具。

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Current opinion in microbiology

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