Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102508
Kathleen A M Mills , Mariano A Aufiero , Tobias M Hohl
Epithelial cells orchestrate immune responses against fungal pathogens. This review highlights advances in integrating epithelial cells in immune responses against inhaled molds and dimorphic fungi, and against Candida species that colonize mucosal surfaces. In the lung, epithelial cells respond to interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon signaling to regulate effector cell influx and fungal killing. In the alimentary and vulvovaginal tracts, epithelial cells modulate fungal commensalism, invasive growth, and local immune tone, in part by responding to damage caused by candidalysin, a C. albicans peptide toxin, and through IL-17-dependent release of antimicrobial peptides that contribute to Candida colonization resistance. Understanding fungal–epithelial interactions in mammalian models of disease is critical to predict vulnerabilities and to identify opportunities for immune-based strategies to treat fungal infections.
{"title":"Epithelial responses to fungal pathogens","authors":"Kathleen A M Mills , Mariano A Aufiero , Tobias M Hohl","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epithelial cells orchestrate immune responses against fungal pathogens. This review highlights advances in integrating epithelial cells in immune responses against inhaled molds and dimorphic fungi, and against <em>Candida</em> species that colonize mucosal surfaces. In the lung, epithelial cells respond to interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon signaling to regulate effector cell influx and fungal killing. In the alimentary and vulvovaginal tracts, epithelial cells modulate fungal commensalism, invasive growth, and local immune tone, in part by responding to damage caused by candidalysin, a <em>C. albicans</em> peptide toxin, and through IL-17-dependent release of antimicrobial peptides that contribute to <em>Candida</em> colonization resistance. Understanding fungal–epithelial interactions in mammalian models of disease is critical to predict vulnerabilities and to identify opportunities for immune-based strategies to treat fungal infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102510
Ashley M Holt , Jeniel E Nett
Candida auris, a newly emergent fungal species, has been spreading in health care systems and causing life-threatening infections. Intact innate immunity is essential for protection against many invasive fungal infections, including candidiasis. Here, we highlight recent studies exploring immune interactions with C. auris, including investigations using animal models and ex vivo immune cells. We summarize innate immune studies comparing C. auris and the common fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We also discuss how structures of the C. auris cell wall influence immune recognition, the role of soluble host factors in immune recognition, and areas of future study.
念珠菌是一种新出现的真菌物种,它在医疗系统中不断蔓延,并造成危及生命的感染。完好的先天性免疫对于抵御包括念珠菌病在内的多种侵袭性真菌感染至关重要。在此,我们重点介绍了最近探索与念珠菌免疫相互作用的研究,包括使用动物模型和体外免疫细胞进行的调查。我们总结了比较 C. auris 和常见真菌病原体白色念珠菌的先天性免疫研究。我们还讨论了球孢子菌细胞壁的结构如何影响免疫识别、可溶性宿主因子在免疫识别中的作用以及未来的研究领域。
{"title":"Innate immune response to Candida auris","authors":"Ashley M Holt , Jeniel E Nett","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Candida auris</em>, a newly emergent fungal species, has been spreading in health care systems and causing life-threatening infections. Intact innate immunity is essential for protection against many invasive fungal infections, including candidiasis. Here, we highlight recent studies exploring immune interactions with <em>C. auris</em>, including investigations using animal models and <em>ex vivo</em> immune cells. We summarize innate immune studies comparing <em>C. auris</em> and the common fungal pathogen <em>Candida albicans</em>. We also discuss how structures of the <em>C. auris</em> cell wall influence immune recognition, the role of soluble host factors in immune recognition, and areas of future study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102507
Eve WL Chow , Li M Pang , Yue Wang
The human microbiota is a complex microbial ecosystem populated by bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists, and archaea. The coexistence of fungi alongside with many billions of bacteria, especially in the gut, involves complex interactions, ranging from antagonistic to beneficial, between the members of these two kingdoms. Bacteria can impact fungi through various means, such as physical interactions, secretion of metabolites, or alteration of the host immune response, thereby affecting fungal growth and virulence. This review summarizes recent progress in this field, delving into the latest understandings of bacterial–fungal–immune interactions and innovative therapeutic approaches addressing the challenges of treating fungal infections associated with microbiota imbalances.
{"title":"The impact of the host microbiota on Candida albicans infection","authors":"Eve WL Chow , Li M Pang , Yue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human microbiota is a complex microbial ecosystem populated by bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists, and archaea. The coexistence of fungi alongside with many billions of bacteria, especially in the gut, involves complex interactions, ranging from antagonistic to beneficial, between the members of these two kingdoms. Bacteria can impact fungi through various means, such as physical interactions, secretion of metabolites, or alteration of the host immune response, thereby affecting fungal growth and virulence. This review summarizes recent progress in this field, delving into the latest understandings of bacterial–fungal–immune interactions and innovative therapeutic approaches addressing the challenges of treating fungal infections associated with microbiota imbalances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102507"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102505
Michael G Connor, Melanie A Hamon
Commensal bacteria are residents of the human airway where they interact with both colonizing pathogens and host respiratory epithelial cells of this mucosal surface. It is here that commensals exert their influence through host signaling cascades, host transcriptional responses and host immunity, all of which are rooted in chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Recent studies show that airway commensals impact host chromatin, but compared the what is known for gut commensals, the field remains in its infancy. The mechanisms by which airway commensals regulate respiratory health and homeostasis through chromatin modifications is of increasing interest, specifically since their displacement precedes the increased potential for respiratory disease. Herein we will discuss recent advances and intriguing avenues of future work aimed at deciphering how airway commensals protect and influence respiratory health.
{"title":"Advances in regulation of homeostasis through chromatin modifications by airway commensals","authors":"Michael G Connor, Melanie A Hamon","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commensal bacteria are residents of the human airway where they interact with both colonizing pathogens and host respiratory epithelial cells of this mucosal surface. It is here that commensals exert their influence through host signaling cascades, host transcriptional responses and host immunity, all of which are rooted in chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Recent studies show that airway commensals impact host chromatin, but compared the what is known for gut commensals, the field remains in its infancy. The mechanisms by which airway commensals regulate respiratory health and homeostasis through chromatin modifications is of increasing interest, specifically since their displacement precedes the increased potential for respiratory disease. Herein we will discuss recent advances and intriguing avenues of future work aimed at deciphering how airway commensals protect and influence respiratory health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102505"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136952742400081X/pdfft?md5=21f8e19529e4ee6eb61a86b91b898acb&pid=1-s2.0-S136952742400081X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102506
Melissa Martinez, Danielle A Garsin, Michael C Lorenz
Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen with several concerning qualities. First recognized in 2009, it has arisen in multiple geographically distinct genomic clades nearly simultaneously. C. auris strains are typically multidrug resistant and colonize the skin much better than most other pathogenic fungi; it also persists on abiotic surfaces, enabling outbreaks due to transmission in health care facilities. All these suggest a biology substantially different from the ‘model’ fungal pathogen, Candida albicans and support intensive investigation of C. auris biology directly. To uncover novel virulence mechanisms in this species requires the development of appropriate animal infection models. Various studies using mice, the definitive model, are inconsistent due to differences in mouse and fungal strains, immunosuppressive regimes, doses, and outcome metrics. At the same time, developing models of skin colonization present a route to new insights into an aspect of fungal pathogenesis that has not been well studied in other species. We also discuss the growing use of nonmammalian model systems, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, such as zebrafish, C. elegans, Drosophila, and Galleria mellonella, that have been productively employed in virulence studies with other fungal species. This review will discuss progress in developing appropriate animal models, outline current challenges, and highlight opportunities in demystifying this curious species.
白色念珠菌是一种新出现的真菌病原体,具有多种令人担忧的特性。它于 2009 年首次被发现,几乎同时在多个地理位置不同的基因组支系中出现。与大多数其他致病真菌相比,念珠菌菌株通常具有多重耐药性,并能更好地在皮肤上定植;它还能在非生物表面存活,因此能在医疗机构中传播而导致疫情爆发。所有这些都表明,这种真菌的生物学特性与 "模式 "真菌病原体白念珠菌有很大不同,因此支持直接对 C. auris 的生物学特性进行深入研究。要揭示该物种的新毒力机制,需要开发适当的动物感染模型。由于小鼠和真菌菌株、免疫抑制方案、剂量和结果指标的不同,使用小鼠这一权威模型进行的各种研究并不一致。与此同时,皮肤定植模型的开发为深入了解真菌致病机理的一个方面提供了新的途径,而这一机理在其他物种中尚未得到很好的研究。我们还讨论了非哺乳动物模型系统(包括脊椎动物和无脊椎动物,如斑马鱼、秀丽隐杆线虫、果蝇和黑线蝇)越来越多的应用,这些系统已被有效地用于其他真菌物种的毒力研究。本综述将讨论在开发适当动物模型方面的进展,概述当前面临的挑战,并强调揭开这一奇特物种神秘面纱的机遇。
{"title":"Vertebrate and invertebrate animal infection models of Candida auris pathogenicity","authors":"Melissa Martinez, Danielle A Garsin, Michael C Lorenz","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Candida auris</em> is an emerging fungal pathogen with several concerning qualities. First recognized in 2009, it has arisen in multiple geographically distinct genomic clades nearly simultaneously. <em>C. auris</em> strains are typically multidrug resistant and colonize the skin much better than most other pathogenic fungi; it also persists on abiotic surfaces, enabling outbreaks due to transmission in health care facilities. All these suggest a biology substantially different from the ‘model’ fungal pathogen, <em>Candida albicans</em> and support intensive investigation of <em>C. auris</em> biology directly. To uncover novel virulence mechanisms in this species requires the development of appropriate animal infection models. Various studies using mice, the definitive model, are inconsistent due to differences in mouse and fungal strains, immunosuppressive regimes, doses, and outcome metrics. At the same time, developing models of skin colonization present a route to new insights into an aspect of fungal pathogenesis that has not been well studied in other species. We also discuss the growing use of nonmammalian model systems, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, such as zebrafish, <em>C. elegans, Drosophila</em>, and <em>Galleria mellonella</em>, that have been productively employed in virulence studies with other fungal species. This review will discuss progress in developing appropriate animal models, outline current challenges, and highlight opportunities in demystifying this curious species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102495
Danielle PA Mascarenhas, Dario S Zamboni
Legionella species are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that evolved in soil and freshwater environments, where they infect and replicate within various unicellular protozoa. The primary virulence factor of Legionella is the expression of a type IV secretion system (T4SS), which contributes to the translocation of effector proteins that subvert biological processes of the host cells. Because of its evolution in unicellular organisms, T4SS effector proteins are not adapted to subvert specific mammalian signaling pathways and immunity. Consequently, Legionella pneumophila has emerged as an interesting infection model for investigating immune responses against pathogenic bacteria in multicellular organisms. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of mammalian innate immunity derived from studies involving L. pneumophila. This includes recent insights into inflammasome-mediated mechanisms restricting bacterial replication in macrophages, mechanisms inducing cell death in response to infection, induction of effector-triggered immunity, activation of specific pulmonary cell types in mammalian lungs, and the protective role of recruiting monocyte-derived cells to infected lungs.
军团菌是在土壤和淡水环境中进化而来的革兰氏阴性胞内细菌,它们在各种单细胞原生动物体内感染和复制。军团菌的主要致病因素是表达 IV 型分泌系统(T4SS),该系统有助于转运效应蛋白,从而颠覆宿主细胞的生物过程。由于是在单细胞生物中进化而来,T4SS效应蛋白并不适合颠覆哺乳动物的特定信号通路和免疫。因此,嗜肺军团菌已成为一种有趣的感染模型,用于研究多细胞生物对病原菌的免疫反应。本综述重点介绍了通过对嗜肺军团菌的研究,我们对哺乳动物先天性免疫的认识所取得的最新进展。这包括对炎症体介导的限制巨噬细胞中细菌复制的机制、诱导细胞死亡以应对感染的机制、诱导效应器触发的免疫、激活哺乳动物肺部特定肺细胞类型以及招募单核细胞衍生细胞到受感染肺部的保护作用的最新认识。
{"title":"Innate immune responses and monocyte-derived phagocyte recruitment in protective immunity to pathogenic bacteria: insights from Legionella pneumophila","authors":"Danielle PA Mascarenhas, Dario S Zamboni","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Legionella</em> species are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that evolved in soil and freshwater environments, where they infect and replicate within various unicellular protozoa. The primary virulence factor of <em>Legionella</em> is the expression of a type IV secretion system (T4SS), which contributes to the translocation of effector proteins that subvert biological processes of the host cells. Because of its evolution in unicellular organisms, T4SS effector proteins are not adapted to subvert specific mammalian signaling pathways and immunity. Consequently, <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> has emerged as an interesting infection model for investigating immune responses against pathogenic bacteria in multicellular organisms. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of mammalian innate immunity derived from studies involving <em>L. pneumophila</em>. This includes recent insights into inflammasome-mediated mechanisms restricting bacterial replication in macrophages, mechanisms inducing cell death in response to infection, induction of effector-triggered immunity, activation of specific pulmonary cell types in mammalian lungs, and the protective role of recruiting monocyte-derived cells to infected lungs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102495"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102497
Daniel S Trettel , Cheryl A Kerfeld , Cesar R Gonzalez-Esquer
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are polyhedral structures that segregate enzymatic cargo from the cytosol via encapsulation within a protein shell. Unlike other biological polyhedra, such as viral capsids and encapsulins, BMC shells can exhibit a highly advantageous structural and functional plasticity, conforming to a variety of anabolic (CO2 fixation in carboxysomes) and catabolic (nutrient assimilation in metabolosomes) roles. Consequently, understanding the subunit properties and associated protein–protein interaction processes that guide shell assembly and function is a necessary step to fully harness BMCs as modular, biotechnological nanomachines. Here, we describe the recent insights into the dynamics of structural features of the key BMC domain (Pfam00936)-containing proteins, which serve as a structural template for BMC-H and BMC-T shell building blocks.
{"title":"Dynamic structural determinants in bacterial microcompartment shells","authors":"Daniel S Trettel , Cheryl A Kerfeld , Cesar R Gonzalez-Esquer","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are polyhedral structures that segregate enzymatic cargo from the cytosol via encapsulation within a protein shell. Unlike other biological polyhedra, such as viral capsids and encapsulins, BMC shells can exhibit a highly advantageous structural and functional plasticity, conforming to a variety of anabolic (CO<sub>2</sub> fixation in carboxysomes) and catabolic (nutrient assimilation in metabolosomes) roles. Consequently, understanding the subunit properties and associated protein–protein interaction processes that guide shell assembly and function is a necessary step to fully harness BMCs as modular, biotechnological nanomachines. Here, we describe the recent insights into the dynamics of structural features of the key BMC domain (Pfam00936)-containing proteins, which serve as a structural template for BMC-H and BMC-T shell building blocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424000730/pdfft?md5=2e910502ba77b4682b331f3fa92fcb86&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527424000730-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102496
Teresa E Pawlowska
Symbiotic interactions between fungi and bacteria range from positive to negative. They are ubiquitous in free-living as well as host-associated microbial communities worldwide. Yet, the impact of fungal–bacterial symbioses on the organization and dynamics of microbial communities is uncertain. There are two reasons for this uncertainty: (1) knowledge gaps in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning fungal–bacterial symbioses and (2) prevailing interpretations of ecological theory that favor antagonistic interactions as drivers stabilizing biological communities despite the existence of models emphasizing contributions of positive interactions. This review synthesizes information on fungal–bacterial symbioses common in the free-living microbial communities of the soil as well as in host-associated polymicrobial biofilms. The interdomain partnerships are considered in the context of the relevant community ecology models, which are discussed critically.
{"title":"Symbioses between fungi and bacteria: from mechanisms to impacts on biodiversity","authors":"Teresa E Pawlowska","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Symbiotic interactions between fungi and bacteria range from positive to negative. They are ubiquitous in free-living as well as host-associated microbial communities worldwide. Yet, the impact of fungal–bacterial symbioses on the organization and dynamics of microbial communities is uncertain. There are two reasons for this uncertainty: (1) knowledge gaps in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning fungal–bacterial symbioses and (2) prevailing interpretations of ecological theory that favor antagonistic interactions as drivers stabilizing biological communities despite the existence of models emphasizing contributions of positive interactions. This review synthesizes information on fungal–bacterial symbioses common in the free-living microbial communities of the soil as well as in host-associated polymicrobial biofilms. The interdomain partnerships are considered in the context of the relevant community ecology models, which are discussed critically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424000729/pdfft?md5=24e0b032b3b712dbea8582e2ff01c98c&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527424000729-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102492
Julien Herrou, Dorothée Murat, Tâm Mignot
Myxococcus relies on motility to efficiently invade and predate a prey colony. Upon contact with prey, Myxococcus temporarily halts its motility and initiates prey cell lysis, which involves two contact-dependent predatory machineries, the Kil system and the needleless T3SS*. Predatory cells grow as they invade and feed on prey cells. When dividing, Myxococcus cells systematically pause their movements before division. This highlights a high level of co-ordination between motility and contact-dependent killing but also with cell division. In this review, we give an overview of the different nanomachines used by Myxococcus to move on surfaces, kill by contact, and divide, and we discuss the potential regulatory mechanisms at play during these different processes.
{"title":"Gear up! An overview of the molecular equipment used by Myxococcus to move, kill, and divide in prey colonies","authors":"Julien Herrou, Dorothée Murat, Tâm Mignot","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Myxococcus</em> relies on motility to efficiently invade and predate a prey colony. Upon contact with prey, <em>Myxococcus</em> temporarily halts its motility and initiates prey cell lysis, which involves two contact-dependent predatory machineries, the Kil system and the needleless T3SS*. Predatory cells grow as they invade and feed on prey cells. When dividing, <em>Myxococcus</em> cells systematically pause their movements before division. This highlights a high level of co-ordination between motility and contact-dependent killing but also with cell division. In this review, we give an overview of the different nanomachines used by <em>Myxococcus</em> to move on surfaces, kill by contact, and divide, and we discuss the potential regulatory mechanisms at play during these different processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424000687/pdfft?md5=c4fbf779d81e3dbb8ec0b85aebc6f54c&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527424000687-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102493
Elena Lindemann-Perez, J. Christian Perez
Candida albicans is a ubiquitous fungus of humans. It is not only a component of the oral and intestinal microbiota of most healthy adults but also a major cause of mucosal disorders and life-threatening disseminated infections. Until recently, research on the biology and pathogenesis of the fungus was largely based on a single clinical isolate. We review investigations that have started to dissect a diverse set of C. albicans strains. Using different approaches to leverage the species’ phenotypic and/or genetic diversity, these studies illuminate the wide range of interactions between fungus and host. While connecting genetic variants to phenotypes of interest remains challenging, research on C. albicans’ natural diversity is central to understand fungal commensalism and pathogenesis.
{"title":"Candida albicans natural diversity: a resource to dissect fungal commensalism and pathogenesis","authors":"Elena Lindemann-Perez, J. Christian Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Candida albicans</em> is a ubiquitous fungus of humans. It is not only a component of the oral and intestinal microbiota of most healthy adults but also a major cause of mucosal disorders and life-threatening disseminated infections. Until recently, research on the biology and pathogenesis of the fungus was largely based on a single clinical isolate. We review investigations that have started to dissect a diverse set of <em>C. albicans</em> strains. Using different approaches to leverage the species’ phenotypic and/or genetic diversity, these studies illuminate the wide range of interactions between fungus and host. While connecting genetic variants to phenotypes of interest remains challenging, research on <em>C. albicans</em>’ natural diversity is central to understand fungal commensalism and pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102493"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}