Current sports medicine reports最新文献

Abstract: Posterior ankle impingement (PAI) is the result of bony or soft tissue abnormalities in the posterior region of the ankle directly behind the talus. Os trigonum, an accessory bone resulting from failure of complete mineralization, and the Stieda process, an elongated process of the posterolateral talus, are the most common bony abnormalities. The flexor hallucis longus tendon travels between the posterolateral and posteromedial tubercles of the talus in a fibro-osseous sheath. Here it is subject to tenosynovitis. Repetitive or forceful plantarflexion is the main risk factor for PAI. Management of bony abnormalities is generally surgical, while soft tissue abnormalities can be managed with a combination of activity modification, orthoses, and selected injections.

Abstract: Glenohumeral instability is a common injury affecting contact and collision athletes. Male sex, younger age at time of first dislocation, and contact sports participation are risk factors for recurrent instability. MRI is the gold standard to evaluate soft tissue structures, while CT is beneficial in quantifying glenoid bone loss and identifying on-track and off-track Hill-Sachs lesions. The management of shoulder instability in contact athletes is a nuanced, individualized process, taking into consideration the athlete's sport and playing position, hand dominance, timing of the in-season injury, and athlete's long-term goals. Shared decision-making is essential. Nonoperative management may allow athletes to return to sport the same season but carries a high risk of recurrent instability events and subsequent glenoid bone loss. Operative management confers a higher success rate in return to play but prevents in-season return to competition. Surgical approach is dependent on soft tissue damage, glenoid bone loss, and humeral head injury.

Abstract: In 2022, 48.7 million U.S. individuals aged 12+ reported problematic substance use with only 4.6% of those needing treatment successfully accessing it. Addiction recovery is a nonlinear journey requiring transformative behavior change, and exercise can support that process, providing empowerment and connectedness. We reviewed the role of exercise in recovery from substance use within and outside of formal treatment. Various forms of exercise (e.g., aerobic, muscle strengthening, outdoor, mind-body, etc.) provide important mental, physical, and social benefits integral to sustaining recovery and supporting long-term well-being. More research exists for formal treatment settings, although the availability of community-based exercise programs and recovery supports are increasing. Recommendations include greater integration of people in addiction recovery into exercise programs, developing inclusive and supportive exercise communities that directly address stigma, and exploring benefits of more diverse forms of exercise. Exercise is medicine for addiction recovery, and a paradigm shift toward holistic health and well-being is required.

Abstract: Contemporary obesity management medications have been shown to be highly efficacious for weight loss and improvements in many related health outcomes. However, a potential concern is the reduction in lean body mass, and possibly muscle mass, that may accompany the weight loss that is achieved. Physical activity and structured exercise have been suggested as potential strategies for attenuating these reductions, yet there is a paucity of research to support that these benefits will be realized. The effects of exercise may be most effective for enhancing the quality of lean tissue and muscle tissue, suggesting a need to pivot to these as important outcomes for patients treated with an obesity management medication. Thus, the inclusion of exercise in the treatment of patients with obesity who are prescribed an obesity management medication should be primarily focused on the health benefits beyond weight loss, with programming focused on the individual health needs of the patient.

Abstract: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is 1 in 31 children in the United States and is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and shorter life expectancy. While the benefits of exercise for individuals with autism spectrum disorder are shown to be beneficial, federal endorsed guidelines and exercise prescriptions such as the FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) fail to account for the complexity and diversity of the autistic population. The present article addresses the applicability of traditional exercise prescriptions for autistic individuals and presents a new conceptualized personal recommendation based on current data available, lived experiences, and evidence-based teaching strategies.

Abstract: Recommendations for a sports ultrasound curriculum have been previously described for medical students and sports medicine fellows; however, currently, no similar guidelines exist for residents. In this manuscript, we present recommendations for a comprehensive sports ultrasound curricular guide for residents. These guidelines are not intended to be all-inclusive or mandatory requirements but rather a tool for designing individualized resident sports ultrasound curricula. While barriers to the implementation of ultrasound curricula are similar across specialties, the incorporation of ultrasound into graduate medical training varies drastically by specialty. This variety is described, and differences were considered in the development of this curriculum. Establishing the recommended curriculum is anticipated to enhance educational consistency and professional development by aiding motivated residents in self-directed sports ultrasound learning.