Current sports medicine reports最新文献

Abstract: Vitamin D is both a required nutrient and a hormone and is necessary for growth and protein metabolism. Adolescence is a major period of growth and development, and thus, it is logical to consider how vitamin D may play a role in this stage of life. Our review specifically aims to examine the ways in which vitamin D intake affects female adolescent athletes. Although there is a paucity of data on the vitamin D status of adolescent female athletes, present data show that vitamin D status is below optimal concentrations in many athletes, especially in female athletes who primarily train indoors. Vitamin D supplementation may improve athletic performance and strength while decreasing risk of injury. More research is required to better evaluate vitamin D status in adolescent female athletes and to work on prevention of suboptimal vitamin D status through nutrition education. Furthermore, more research is required on the potential exercise performance benefits of optimal vitamin D in female adolescent athletes.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess current sports ultrasound educational practices among primary care sports medicine fellowships and to evaluate training effectiveness. This was a cross-sectional survey design conducted by the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Ultrasound Committee among 2023-2024 primary care sports medicine fellows. Among participating fellows (88/352), 72.7% indicated that their fellowship program followed a formalized sports ultrasound curriculum. Most fellows (64.8% to 98.9%) reported a high degree of confidence for ultrasound basics, while ratings for complete regional diagnostic ultrasound scans were more heterogeneous. Time spent in a clinical setting was associated with higher confidence ratings in 6/7 ultrasound basics categories. Time spent on practical, hands-on instruction and self-directed, independent learning revealed significant associations with confidence ratings for diagnostic ultrasound scans. The findings of this study provide an understanding for several aspects of sports ultrasound training during fellowship and may provide information to help programs optimize training when developing curricula.

Abstract: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the lower extremity is a condition that affects runners and can result in significant time loss from athletic activity. While the etiology of CECS is often multifactorial, research on the relationship between CECS and supplementation is sparse. This case report describes a runner who developed lower leg CECS following use of creatine and provides considerations of risk factors and differential diagnoses for CECS.

Abstract: Quercetin, one of the six subclasses of the flavonoid group, is among the flavanols and has many positive effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and neuroprotective effects. Quercetin exerts its antioxidant effects through the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Although its use is not common in athletes, it is thought that it can reduce oxidative damage due to its health effects and antioxidant properties. This review aims to further understand the effects of quercetin as a nutritional supplement and highlight its importance in athletes. As a result, it also can prevent oxidative stress damage, as proposed in the Hormesis theory. Although the results of studies on its effects on athletes are contradictory, it is stated that it has positive effects on endurance performance and anti-inflammatory parameters.

Abstract: Mountain biking has increased in popularity in recent years. This review article provides an overview of the current literature on risk factors and mechanisms of injury in different disciplines of mountain biking. The head and upper extremity continue to be the most common injury sites. Mountain biking can cause serious injuries, including concussions and fractures. Although there are known risks associated with mountain biking, there is a paucity of studies on injury prevention strategies. Understanding risk factors and mechanisms of injuries is vital for improving rider safety and medical care.

Abstract: Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a form of osteoarthritis that arises secondary to trauma or an injury. The knee is most commonly affected, and risk for PTOA increases substantially following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Blood-based biomarkers have been analyzed following ACL injury to predict PTOA progression and severity. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the literature on blood biomarkers related to inflammation and cartilage turnover in association with the development of PTOA following an ACL injury. Of the eight identified studies, the majority, 75%, were cohort based (n = 6). The collective findings suggest potential value in blood biomarkers for evaluating the systemic changes after ACL injury. However, current evidence for the clinical utility of these markers to identify individuals after ACL injury who will develop PTOA is inconclusive. Further work is needed to advance these findings and clarify differences by sex, race, and ethnicity.