Current sports medicine reports最新文献

Abstract: This was a cross-sectional study of sports medicine fellows from previous (2010-2015) and contemporary (2016-2021) training periods. There were 2315 trainees from family medicine (FM, 85%), 261 trainees from physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR, 10%), and 133 trainees from emergency medicine (EM, 5%). PMR had the highest female and Asian trainee representation while FM had the highest Black trainee representation. There was no difference in female representation between training periods (30% vs 30%, P = 0.714). White trainee representation decreased between training periods (72% vs 65%, P < 0.001). Black (6% vs 6%, P = 0.894), Asian (15% vs 15%, P = 0.970), and Hispanic (6% vs 7%, P = 0.130) trainee representation was consistent between training periods. Female (participation-to-prevalence ratio, PPR = 0.59), Black (PPR = 0.48), Hispanic (PPR = 0.35), and American Indian/Alaskan Native (PPR = 0.17) trainees were underrepresented in sports medicine relative to the US population. Efforts to recruit underrepresented groups in sports medicine fellowship training may help create a more diverse workforce.

Abstract: Equestrian sports are associated with high rates of major injury compared to collision and powered two-wheel sports. Advancements in rider and horse safety equipment and the implementation of comprehensive emergency action planning standards may help mitigate injuries, particularly in regard to the Olympic disciplines of dressage, show jumping, and three-day eventing covered in this review. Personal safety equipment to consider includes helmets, safety and air vests, and horse tack including safety stirrups, acoustic dampeners, and breakaway reins. Equestrian event medical coverage requires emergency action planning, partnership with local emergency medical services, and cooperation of interprofessional teams. Safety coordinators and medical providers may be tasked with providing first aid to spectators in addition to stabilizing and triaging crush trauma, traumatic brain injuries or spinal injuries, or fractures in competitors. Stationary and mobile medical units, proper medical equipment, acute spine stabilization protocols, and communication systems are critical components of equestrian medical coverage.

Abstract: Sport-related concussions are a common type of brain injury, and the best treatment is prevention. Recently, external jugular vein compression collars have been worn by National Football League players, but the current evidence is limited. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive, up-to-date systematic review addressing the use of jugular vein compression collars for decreasing concussion incidence in high-impact sports and activities. Overall, when compared to control, the results indicated that jugular vein compression collars resulted in significantly reduced white matter alteration, improved short-term neurocognitive outcomes, increased internal jugular vein cross-sectional area, decreased internal carotid artery cross-sectional area, and moderating effects on peak pulse pressure. There was no significant difference in concussion incidence rate between groups. While promising, these findings warrant future research to assess jugular vein compression collar's role in concussion prevention, brain injury, and long-term neurocognitive outcomes. The authors are hopeful for the role jugular vein compression collars will play in the future.