Current sports medicine reports最新文献

Abstract: Mitigating impact injuries is crucial in race car driving, requiring adherence to stringent safety standards. Helmets and head-neck support devices are essential for reducing the risk of concussions and serious injuries. The sport's high-risk nature demands a deep understanding of injury types, with attention to common areas such as the spine, shoulders, and knees. Continuous safety innovation focused on factors like posture, race duration, and physiologic response is imperative. Safety advancements have significantly reduced fatalities, with comprehensive protocols and specialized equipment ensuring rapid crash response. Medical and safety measures, including roll bars, harness systems, and heat-resistant clothing, protect drivers, while tailored regulations for different race car categories ensure specific safety needs are met. Overall, the intricate focus on safety balances the thrill of racing with driver well-being.

Abstract: Regular physical activity during college years is critical for long-term health, yet most college students in the United States fail to meet federal Physical Activity Guidelines. Exercise is Medicine® On Campus, an initiative of the American College of Sports Medicine, promotes campus-wide PA through institutional collaboration. This study used self-reported data from the fall 2019 ACHA-NCHA III survey to examine whether students attending Exercise is Medicine® On Campus-recognized universities were more likely to meet federal aerobic and combined aerobic/strength Physical Activity Guidelines than students at nonrecognized institutions. Among 38,098 students across 41 universities, adjusted logistic regression models showed that students at Exercise is Medicine® On Campus campuses had higher odds of meeting aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.32-1.51) and combined Physical Activity Guidelines (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17). These findings suggest an association between Exercise is Medicine® On Campus recognition and higher student physical activity levels, underscoring the need for further evaluation of its institutional impact.

Abstract: High diving, an emerging extreme sport with dives from heights up to 27 m, presents unique biomechanical and psychological risks. Athletes face high-velocity water entry, generating intense forces that can result in musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries, especially during entry. Injury rates are higher in practice than competition, possibly linked to overfatigue and technical errors. Psychological stress - such as fear, fatigue, and mental blocks - may contribute to injury risk but is understudied. Preventative strategies including limiting the number of dives, technical training, and psychological support are proposed. Despite lower acute injury rates compared to contact sports, the repetitive high-impact nature of cliff and high diving raises concerns for long-term health consequences. Existing gaps in injury surveillance and athlete education highlight the need for targeted, sport-specific health initiatives. As high diving aims to be included in the Olympics, evolving comprehensive safety frameworks are vital to protect athlete well-being and support performance longevity.

Abstract: Upper extremity neuropathies are an important and sometimes overlooked etiology of upper extremity pain and dysfunction in athletes. While classic neuropathic symptoms such as numbness, paresthesias, and weakness in the distribution of the affected peripheral nerve can occur, clinical presentations are often subtle and nonspecific. On physical exam, clinicians may identify neurological deficits, Tinel sign over the suspected compression site, and positive provocative tests reproducing symptoms. Diagnostic tools such as EMG/NCS and imaging modalities (radiographs, ultrasound, and MRI) can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually begins with nonoperative approaches, though surgery may be needed if symptoms persist or worsen. This article provides an updated review of the evaluation and management of common upper extremity neuropathies in athletes.

Abstract: Years playing American football and primary playing position are often used to estimate concussion exposure. We examined associations between playing position and total years played with concussion history and neurobehavioral outcomes among former (N = 1544) National Football League players in the NFL-LONG study. Outcomes included the PROMIS Cognitive, Depression, and Anxiety T-scores, and Neuro-QOL Emotional-Behavioral Dyscontrol T-scores. Playing position was categorized as offensive/defensive linemen, running back/linebacker/tight end, quarterback/wide receiver/defensive back, and special teams. Analysis of variance tested differences between years played across position groups. Multivariable regressions estimated associations between years played, position group, and their interaction for outcomes, adjusting for covariates. There was no significant difference in years played across playing positions, and no statistically or clinically significant findings linking position, years played, or their interaction with negative neurobehavioral outcomes. These findings suggest concussion history should be directly assessed and considered alongside other exposure indicators to better understand neurobehavioral outcomes.