Current sports medicine reports最新文献

Abstract: High diving, an emerging extreme sport with dives from heights up to 27 m, presents unique biomechanical and psychological risks. Athletes face high-velocity water entry, generating intense forces that can result in musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries, especially during entry. Injury rates are higher in practice than competition, possibly linked to overfatigue and technical errors. Psychological stress - such as fear, fatigue, and mental blocks - may contribute to injury risk but is understudied. Preventative strategies including limiting the number of dives, technical training, and psychological support are proposed. Despite lower acute injury rates compared to contact sports, the repetitive high-impact nature of cliff and high diving raises concerns for long-term health consequences. Existing gaps in injury surveillance and athlete education highlight the need for targeted, sport-specific health initiatives. As high diving aims to be included in the Olympics, evolving comprehensive safety frameworks are vital to protect athlete well-being and support performance longevity.

Abstract: Upper extremity neuropathies are an important and sometimes overlooked etiology of upper extremity pain and dysfunction in athletes. While classic neuropathic symptoms such as numbness, paresthesias, and weakness in the distribution of the affected peripheral nerve can occur, clinical presentations are often subtle and nonspecific. On physical exam, clinicians may identify neurological deficits, Tinel sign over the suspected compression site, and positive provocative tests reproducing symptoms. Diagnostic tools such as EMG/NCS and imaging modalities (radiographs, ultrasound, and MRI) can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually begins with nonoperative approaches, though surgery may be needed if symptoms persist or worsen. This article provides an updated review of the evaluation and management of common upper extremity neuropathies in athletes.

Abstract: Years playing American football and primary playing position are often used to estimate concussion exposure. We examined associations between playing position and total years played with concussion history and neurobehavioral outcomes among former (N = 1544) National Football League players in the NFL-LONG study. Outcomes included the PROMIS Cognitive, Depression, and Anxiety T-scores, and Neuro-QOL Emotional-Behavioral Dyscontrol T-scores. Playing position was categorized as offensive/defensive linemen, running back/linebacker/tight end, quarterback/wide receiver/defensive back, and special teams. Analysis of variance tested differences between years played across position groups. Multivariable regressions estimated associations between years played, position group, and their interaction for outcomes, adjusting for covariates. There was no significant difference in years played across playing positions, and no statistically or clinically significant findings linking position, years played, or their interaction with negative neurobehavioral outcomes. These findings suggest concussion history should be directly assessed and considered alongside other exposure indicators to better understand neurobehavioral outcomes.

Abstract: Football (soccer) is the most popular sport worldwide. A wide variety of injuries occur at different competitive levels. Some of these injuries are rare, but may have devastating consequences for players, such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture. On the other hand, there are more common injuries, such as mild muscle strains, that usually result in a short return-to-play period. There is a paucity of existing evidence supporting the use of specific preventative practices for certain injuries. The purpose of this review is to highlight current injury prevention measures that are used among professional football players and to review the level of evidence for each specific program. The resources available in professional football can lend itself to conduct high-level research to develop injury prevention programs.

Abstract: On January 2, 2023, Damar Hamlin collapsed after a routine tackle during a nationally televised football game and was diagnosed with commotio cordis. This rare but dangerous condition occurs when a blunt chest impact disrupts the heart's rhythm, leading to cardiac arrest. Hamlin's survival, thanks to immediate CPR and defibrillation, highlights the risks athletes face from chest trauma and the importance of timely response. This paper reviews current literature on commotio cordis, emphasizing its under-recognition in sports. It explores prevention strategies, including enhanced protective gear, sports rule changes, and preparticipation screening. The review also stresses the need for educating athletes and coaches on the risks and proper emergency response protocols with commotio cordis. With these measures, the incidence of commotio cordis in sports can be significantly reduced.