Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001020
Antoneta Granic, Rachel Cooper, Sian M Robinson, Avan A Sayer
Purpose of review: Sarcopenia increases in prevalence at older ages and may be exacerbated by poor diet. Whole foods rich in specific nutrients may be myoprotective and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Here we review recent evidence published from observational and intervention studies regarding myoprotective foods and explore their benefit for the prevention and/or treatment of sarcopenia in older adults.
Recent findings: We found limited new evidence for the role of whole foods in sarcopenia and sarcopenia components (muscle mass, strength, physical performance). There was some evidence for higher consumption of protein-rich foods (milk and dairy) being beneficial for muscle strength in observational and intervention studies. Higher consumption of antioxidant-rich foods (fruit and vegetables) was associated with better physical performance and lower odds of sarcopenia in observational studies. Evidence for other protein- and antioxidant-rich foods were inconsistent or lacking. There remains a clear need for intervention studies designed to identify the role of whole foods for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Summary: Although evidence for myoprotective roles of dairy, fruit and vegetables is emerging from observational studies, higher level evidence from intervention studies is needed for these foods to be recommended in diets of older adults to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia.
{"title":"Myoprotective whole foods, muscle health and sarcopenia in older adults.","authors":"Antoneta Granic, Rachel Cooper, Sian M Robinson, Avan A Sayer","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001020","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Sarcopenia increases in prevalence at older ages and may be exacerbated by poor diet. Whole foods rich in specific nutrients may be myoprotective and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Here we review recent evidence published from observational and intervention studies regarding myoprotective foods and explore their benefit for the prevention and/or treatment of sarcopenia in older adults.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>We found limited new evidence for the role of whole foods in sarcopenia and sarcopenia components (muscle mass, strength, physical performance). There was some evidence for higher consumption of protein-rich foods (milk and dairy) being beneficial for muscle strength in observational and intervention studies. Higher consumption of antioxidant-rich foods (fruit and vegetables) was associated with better physical performance and lower odds of sarcopenia in observational studies. Evidence for other protein- and antioxidant-rich foods were inconsistent or lacking. There remains a clear need for intervention studies designed to identify the role of whole foods for the treatment of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Although evidence for myoprotective roles of dairy, fruit and vegetables is emerging from observational studies, higher level evidence from intervention studies is needed for these foods to be recommended in diets of older adults to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of review: For many decades, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation was tested in premature infants to achieve an intake equivalent to the average level in breast milk, but this approach has led to conflicting results in terms of development and health outcomes. Higher doses of DHA closer to fetal accumulation may be needed.
Recent findings: The efficacy of DHA supplementation for preterm infants at a dose equivalent to the estimated fetal accumulation rate is still under investigation, but this may be a promising approach, especially in conjunction with arachidonic acid supplementation. Current data suggest benefit for some outcomes, such as brain maturation, long-term cognitive function, and the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. The possibility that supplementation with highly unsaturated oils increases the risk of neonatal morbidities should not be ruled out, but current meta-analyzes do not support a significant risk.
Summary: The published literature supports a DHA intake in preterm infants that is closer to the fetal accumulation rate than the average breast milk content. Supplementation with DHA at this level in combination with arachidonic acid is currently being investigated and appears promising.
综述目的：几十年来，对早产儿进行了补充二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的试验，以达到与母乳中平均水平相当的摄入量，但这种方法在发育和健康结果方面导致了相互矛盾的结果。可能需要更接近胎儿积累的高剂量 DHA：对早产儿补充相当于估计胎儿积累率剂量的 DHA 的疗效仍在研究中，但这可能是一种很有前景的方法，尤其是与花生四烯酸补充剂结合使用时。目前的数据表明，补充花生四烯酸对某些结果有好处，如大脑成熟、长期认知功能和早产儿视网膜病变的预防。不应排除补充高度不饱和油会增加新生儿发病风险的可能性，但目前的荟萃分析并不支持存在重大风险。摘要：已发表的文献支持早产儿的 DHA 摄入量接近胎儿的累积率，而不是母乳的平均含量。目前正在研究将这一水平的 DHA 与花生四烯酸结合起来补充，似乎很有前景。
{"title":"Evidence on docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid supplementation for preterm infants.","authors":"Alexandre Lapillonne, Chiara Lembo, Sissel J Moltu","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001035","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>For many decades, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation was tested in premature infants to achieve an intake equivalent to the average level in breast milk, but this approach has led to conflicting results in terms of development and health outcomes. Higher doses of DHA closer to fetal accumulation may be needed.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The efficacy of DHA supplementation for preterm infants at a dose equivalent to the estimated fetal accumulation rate is still under investigation, but this may be a promising approach, especially in conjunction with arachidonic acid supplementation. Current data suggest benefit for some outcomes, such as brain maturation, long-term cognitive function, and the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. The possibility that supplementation with highly unsaturated oils increases the risk of neonatal morbidities should not be ruled out, but current meta-analyzes do not support a significant risk.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The published literature supports a DHA intake in preterm infants that is closer to the fetal accumulation rate than the average breast milk content. Supplementation with DHA at this level in combination with arachidonic acid is currently being investigated and appears promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001038
M. Włodarczyk, Grażyna Nowicka
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is associated with increased DNA damage, which may in turn contribute to the development of obesity-related complications. DNA damage can also affect adipocyte biology, resulting in increased adiposity. Carefully managed weight loss programs can reverse this process. This article surveys new data that support these contentions. RECENT FINDINGS Whole exome sequencing analyses have identified rare variants linked to high BMI and adiposity. Two of the identified genes are linked to DNA damage and DNA repair, suggesting that DNA damage itself may play a role in the cause of obesity. It has also been recognized that obesity increases DNA damage in breast tissue of carriers of BRCA mutations and rates of tumour formation in BRCA1+ mice, indicating effect of obesity on cancer development in high-risk populations. In addition, obesity promotes cancer cell chemoresistance by decreasing fatty acid oxidation involved in cellular DNA damage response, leading to apoptotic cellular death. Obesity is also associated with a reduced capacity of oocytes to repair sperm DNA damage, leading to lower in-vitro fertilization rates in women with obesity. SUMMARY DNA damage and cellular responses to DNA damage can be both the result and the cause of obesity and can strongly influence the development and treatment of obesity-associated diseases.
综述目的 肥胖与 DNA 损伤增加有关，而 DNA 损伤又可能导致肥胖相关并发症的发生。DNA 损伤还会影响脂肪细胞的生物学特性，导致脂肪增加。精心管理的减肥计划可以扭转这一过程。最近的发现全外显子测序分析发现了与高体重指数和肥胖有关的罕见变异。其中发现的两个基因与 DNA 损伤和 DNA 修复有关，这表明 DNA 损伤本身可能是肥胖的原因之一。人们还认识到，肥胖会增加 BRCA 基因突变携带者乳腺组织的 DNA 损伤，并增加 BRCA1+ 小鼠的肿瘤形成率，这表明肥胖对高危人群的癌症发展有影响。此外，肥胖会降低参与细胞 DNA 损伤反应的脂肪酸氧化，导致细胞凋亡，从而增强癌细胞的化疗抵抗力。肥胖还与卵母细胞修复精子 DNA 损伤的能力下降有关，导致肥胖妇女的体外受精率降低。摘要DNA 损伤和细胞对 DNA 损伤的反应既可能是肥胖的结果，也可能是肥胖的原因，并对肥胖相关疾病的发展和治疗产生重大影响。
{"title":"DNA damage, obesity and obesity-related health complications: what are new data telling us?","authors":"M. Włodarczyk, Grażyna Nowicka","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001038","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEW\u0000Obesity is associated with increased DNA damage, which may in turn contribute to the development of obesity-related complications. DNA damage can also affect adipocyte biology, resulting in increased adiposity. Carefully managed weight loss programs can reverse this process. This article surveys new data that support these contentions.\u0000\u0000\u0000RECENT FINDINGS\u0000Whole exome sequencing analyses have identified rare variants linked to high BMI and adiposity. Two of the identified genes are linked to DNA damage and DNA repair, suggesting that DNA damage itself may play a role in the cause of obesity. It has also been recognized that obesity increases DNA damage in breast tissue of carriers of BRCA mutations and rates of tumour formation in BRCA1+ mice, indicating effect of obesity on cancer development in high-risk populations. In addition, obesity promotes cancer cell chemoresistance by decreasing fatty acid oxidation involved in cellular DNA damage response, leading to apoptotic cellular death. Obesity is also associated with a reduced capacity of oocytes to repair sperm DNA damage, leading to lower in-vitro fertilization rates in women with obesity.\u0000\u0000\u0000SUMMARY\u0000DNA damage and cellular responses to DNA damage can be both the result and the cause of obesity and can strongly influence the development and treatment of obesity-associated diseases.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of microbiome in association with female health is today a "hot topic" with the main focus on microbes in the female reproductive tract. Nevertheless, recent studies are providing novel information of the possible influence of the gut microbiome on gynecological health outcomes, especially as we start to understand that the gut microbiome is an extended endocrine organ influencing female hormonal levels. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the gut microbes in association with gynecological health.
{"title":"Beyond the reproductive tract: gut microbiome and its influence on gynecological health.","authors":"Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto, Aida Rodríguez-Santisteban, Signe Altmäe","doi":"10.1097/gco.0000000000000952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gco.0000000000000952","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of microbiome in association with female health is today a \"hot topic\" with the main focus on microbes in the female reproductive tract. Nevertheless, recent studies are providing novel information of the possible influence of the gut microbiome on gynecological health outcomes, especially as we start to understand that the gut microbiome is an extended endocrine organ influencing female hormonal levels. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the gut microbes in association with gynecological health.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of microbiome in association with female health is today a "hot topic" with the main focus on microbes in the female reproductive tract. Nevertheless, recent studies are providing novel information of the possible influence of the gut microbiome on gynecological health outcomes, especially as we start to understand that the gut microbiome is an extended endocrine organ influencing female hormonal levels. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the gut microbes in association with gynecological health.
{"title":"Beyond the reproductive tract: gut microbiome and its influence on gynecological health.","authors":"Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto, Aida Rodríguez-Santisteban, Signe Altmäe","doi":"10.1097/01.gco.0001016536.06312.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gco.0001016536.06312.72","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of microbiome in association with female health is today a \"hot topic\" with the main focus on microbes in the female reproductive tract. Nevertheless, recent studies are providing novel information of the possible influence of the gut microbiome on gynecological health outcomes, especially as we start to understand that the gut microbiome is an extended endocrine organ influencing female hormonal levels. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the gut microbes in association with gynecological health.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001034
B. Koletzko, R. Shamir
{"title":"Guidance on paediatric nutrition should follow quality standards and be evidence based: concerns regarding the recent WHO guideline on complementary feeding.","authors":"B. Koletzko, R. Shamir","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001004
R. Elango, C. Gaudichon
{"title":"Amino acids and protein sources as therapeutic regulators and modulators.","authors":"R. Elango, C. Gaudichon","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001025
M. Engelen, B. S. van der Meij
{"title":"Role of sex in nutrition research in aging and wasting disease.","authors":"M. Engelen, B. S. van der Meij","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000001025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001015
Philip C Calder, Gerald F Watts
{"title":"Editorial: Quantitative and qualitative aspects of lipids and lipoproteins in health and disease: nutrition, physiology and genetics.","authors":"Philip C Calder, Gerald F Watts","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001015","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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