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Stones - The World's First 15 Ksi Ultra-Deepwater Subsea Pump Stones -世界上第一台15ksi超深水海底泵
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29537-MS
Arill Småland Hagland, J. Skaar
Stones is a phased development that began producing in September 2016 from two subsea wells tied back to an FPSO. Full-field development includes six additional wells from two connected drill centers, and a subsea boosting system to increase production and extend the life of the field. This paper describes the technology qualification program (TQP) and execution experience, including the development, delivery and installation of the world's first ultra deepwater subsea boosting system. The paper also addresses the lessons learned from the project, from component qualification and engineering through to manufacturing and testing. The Stones field is located in the Walker Ridge area, approximately 200 miles southwest of the Louisiana coast. It consists of eight ultra-deepwater blocks at 9,579 feet water depth. As the operator, with 100% interest in the field, Shell announced its final investment decision in 2013. With reservoirs located at extreme depths, at more than 29,000 feet, subsea boosting was identified in the original project execution plan as a means to enhance recovery due to rapidly decreasing reservoir pressures. Multiple technology gaps were identified to meet the high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) design parameters for Stones. With a targeted design pressure of 15,000 psi, design temperature of 300 °F and nearly 10,000 feet of water depth, an extensive Technology Qualification Program (TQP) was executed to close these gaps. Six workstreams were developed to qualify the first article pump; these included valves and connectors, barrier fluid system, power system and controls. This was the start of a close cooperation between the operator and the pump system provider, whose common goal was to deploy the world's first 15 ksi ultra-deepwater pump. Following the TQP, in 2015, an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract was awarded that included a pump station with two 2.9MW pumps and a topside power drive system. The pump system has been through an extensive execution and test phase that was completed without injuries. The complete system was handed over to the operator and has been partially installed. The Stones boosting system has a daily production capacity of 60,000 bpd and will enable the operator to maintain and extend production at the field. Once the pump system is put into operation, it will significantly increase recovery at the field.
Stones是一个分阶段开发项目,于2016年9月开始生产,将两口海底井连接到FPSO上。整个油田的开发包括来自两个连接的钻井中心的6口井,以及一个海底增压系统,以提高产量并延长油田的使用寿命。本文介绍了技术鉴定程序(TQP)和执行经验,包括世界上第一个超深水海底增压系统的开发、交付和安装。本文还介绍了从该项目中吸取的经验教训,从部件鉴定和工程到制造和测试。Stones油田位于路易斯安那州海岸西南约200英里处的Walker Ridge地区。它由8个超深水区块组成,水深9579英尺。作为拥有该油田100%权益的运营商,壳牌在2013年宣布了最终投资决定。由于储层位于极端深度,超过29,000英尺,在最初的项目执行计划中,海底增压被确定为提高采收率的一种手段,因为储层压力迅速降低。为了满足Stones的高压、高温(HPHT)设计参数,确定了多个技术差距。设计压力为15,000 psi,设计温度为300°F,水深近10,000英尺,为了缩小这些差距,执行了广泛的技术认证计划(TQP)。开发了六个工作流程来验证第一个物品泵;这些包括阀门和连接器,屏障流体系统,动力系统和控制。这是运营商和泵系统供应商密切合作的开始,双方的共同目标是部署世界上第一台15ksi的超深水泵。在TQP之后,2015年授予了一份工程、采购和施工(EPC)合同,其中包括一个泵站,配备两台2.9MW泵和一个上层动力驱动系统。该泵系统已经经过了广泛的执行和测试阶段,没有出现任何损坏。整套系统已移交给作业者,并已进行了部分安装。Stones助推系统的日生产能力为6万桶/天,将使作业者能够维持和扩大油田的产量。该泵系统一旦投入使用,将显著提高油田采收率。
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引用次数: 2
Clustering Analysis for Improved Characterization of Carbonate Reservoirs in a Southern Iraqi Oil Field 聚类分析改进伊拉克南部油田碳酸盐岩储层特征
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29269-MS
W. Al-Mudhafar, Erfan M. Al lawe, C. I. Noshi
Facies prediction is an important step in reservoir characterization and modeling. Define a representative reservoir model will enhance the process of reservoir development and will optimize the economic strategies. The lack of data is a key issue in reservoir characterizations and therefore alternative approaches have to be adopted to improve the process of reservoir characterization. In this research, clustering analysis was implemented as a statistical solution to classify reservoir facies given well logs and core data in a reservoir from the south of Iraq. In this research, data from a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir were used. The data included well log records such; GR, SP, Density, Neutron Porosity, Total Porosity, Resistivity, Induction, Shale Volume, Water Saturation, along with porosity and permeability values from core analysis. These data were integrated and analyzed through statistical tools to perform clustering analysis. The clustering analysis is an approach of finding the similarities and differences between specific groups or points in order to classify them into different classes. This concept was implemented by the use of R software, which is a quite powerful open source tool for statistical studies with variety of functions and packages. Two different clustering algorithms, K-mean approach and Calinski-Harabasz solution were used to classify reservoir facies based on the given data. The results of this research show that the reservoir facies can be predicted through different clustering analysis when well logs records are given. K-means approach has predicted the optimal facies classification to be five, while Calinski-Harabasz technique has identified three optimal reservoir facies. The difference in facies classification between the two clustering analysis approaches is attributed to the two approaches sensitivity because of the high quality rocks in all the units of this well, which makes it challenging to identify the facies as all the layers have similer reservoir properties.
相预测是储层表征和建模的重要步骤。确定具有代表性的储层模型,将提高储层开发的进程,优化经济策略。缺乏数据是储层描述的一个关键问题,因此必须采用替代方法来改进储层描述过程。在本研究中,利用伊拉克南部某油藏的测井和岩心数据,将聚类分析作为一种统计方法来对储层相进行分类。本研究采用了非均质碳酸盐岩储层的数据。数据包括测井记录,如;GR、SP、密度、中子孔隙度、总孔隙度、电阻率、磁感应、页岩体积、含水饱和度,以及岩心分析的孔隙度和渗透率值。通过统计工具对这些数据进行整合和分析,进行聚类分析。聚类分析是一种寻找特定群体或点之间的异同点,从而将其划分为不同类别的方法。这个概念是通过使用R软件实现的,R软件是一个非常强大的开源工具,用于统计研究,具有各种功能和包。基于给定数据,采用K-mean方法和Calinski-Harabasz方法两种不同的聚类算法对储层相进行分类。研究结果表明,在给定测井记录的情况下,通过不同的聚类分析可以预测储层相。K-means方法预测了5种最佳相类型,而Calinski-Harabasz技术预测了3种最佳储层相类型。两种聚类分析方法在相分类上的差异是由于两种方法的敏感性,因为该井所有单元的岩石质量都很高,这使得识别相具有挑战性,因为所有层都具有相似的储层性质。
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引用次数: 11
Polymer Mooring Component for Offshore Renewable Energy 用于海上可再生能源的聚合物系泊组件
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29587-MS
P. McEvoy, E. Johnston
The paper presents a cost benefit analysis of using polymer mooring components in the mooring system design of the Maine Aqua Ventus I (MAV1) floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) project. Polymer components in mooring lines can offer new mooring system responses, which can be tailored to the needs of challenging mooring systems. For FOWT deployments these can deliver mooring system responsiveness at the thrust loads of the turbine, despite the high background mooring loads. MAV1 will deploy two 6MW floating offshore wind turbines off the coast of Maine and this paper compares the existing mooring system design against a polymer mooring component solution, undertaking dynamic analysis of the mooring systems across multiple sea states (including ultimate limit states, fatigue limit states and accidental limit states). The Aqua Ventus platform is modelled in Orcaflex, with multiple mooring system designs containing different polymer component responses modelled and contrasted. Results are analyzed and load analysis data used to undertake a cost benefit analysis. Cost reductions are shown across the mooring system (anchors, lines, connectors), as well as the platform and tower structures. Fatigue analysis is undertaken using a Rainflow analysis of the sea states to be experienced by the platform over its life, for both the existing and the polymer mooring configurations. Polymer mooring components which can be used throughout the renewable energy and offshore industries to manage mooring loads, and are capable of mooring any sized platform, in any challenging conditions. While the specific components modelled in this work are targeted at FOWT or tidal platforms with novel stress-strain response curves designed to suit the high background thrust load conditions, other component responses are available to deliver design load and fatigue reductions on existing catenary or TLP moored platforms. Components can be easily retrofitted into existing mooring lines or deployed in new lines. Using polymer mooring components can dramatically reduce the peak loads experienced by the platform. Previous work has looked at an OC4 FOWT model in hypothetic conditions, whereas the current paper presents new work related to a real US FOWT deployment. The paper demonstrates that >50% reductions in design loads are possible. Cyclic loads are also substantially reduced, resulting in >60% reduction in wave induced fatigue in extreme sea states. This results in operational and maintenance cost savings. The patented mooring components have been developed initially for aquaculture and wave energy applications and have now been scaled to the MN loads required by the FOWT and offshore industries. Components are certified to relevant standards and delivered to projects globally.
本文介绍了在缅因州Aqua Ventus I (MAV1)浮式海上风力发电机(FOWT)项目的系泊系统设计中使用聚合物系泊部件的成本效益分析。系泊缆绳中的聚合物组件可以提供新的系泊系统响应,可以根据具有挑战性的系泊系统的需求进行定制。对于fot部署,尽管背景系泊载荷很高,但这些系统可以在涡轮机推力载荷下提供系泊系统响应。MAV1将在缅因州海岸部署两台6MW海上浮动风力涡轮机,本文将现有系泊系统设计与聚合物系泊组件解决方案进行比较,对系泊系统在多种海况下(包括极限状态、疲劳极限状态和意外极限状态)进行动态分析。Aqua Ventus平台是在Orcaflex中建模的,包含不同聚合物成分响应的多个系泊系统设计进行了建模和对比。结果分析和负荷分析数据用于进行成本效益分析。整个系泊系统(锚、缆绳、连接件)以及平台和塔结构的成本都有所降低。对于现有和聚合物系泊配置,使用Rainflow分析平台在其使用寿命期间所经历的海况,进行疲劳分析。聚合物系泊组件可用于整个可再生能源和海上工业,以管理系泊负载,并且能够在任何具有挑战性的条件下系泊任何大小的平台。虽然在这项工作中建模的特定组件是针对FOWT或潮汐平台的,具有新颖的应力-应变响应曲线,旨在适应高背景推力载荷条件,但其他组件响应可用于现有悬链线或张力腿平台的设计载荷和疲劳减少。组件可以很容易地改装到现有的系泊缆绳或部署在新的缆绳。使用聚合物系泊组件可以显著降低平台承受的峰值载荷。之前的工作研究了假设条件下的OC4 FOWT模型,而当前的论文提出了与真实的美国FOWT部署相关的新工作。本文论证了设计载荷降低50%以上是可能的。循环载荷也大大减少,在极端海况下,波浪引起的疲劳减少了60%以上。这样可以节省操作和维护成本。专利系泊组件最初是为水产养殖和波浪能应用而开发的,现在已经扩展到FOWT和海上工业所需的MN载荷。组件通过相关标准认证,并交付给全球的项目。
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引用次数: 1
Optimizing Seawater Treatment Operations with Condition Monitoring Software 利用状态监测软件优化海水处理操作
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29567-MS
A. Wilcox, R. Mikkelsen, Pei Ling Esther Lian
In an effort to maximize the value of the Enhanced Oil Recovery(EOR) process, a condition monitoring software program aims to optimize Seawater Treatment system performance and maintenance efforts. By collecting digital inputs from sensors, instruments and controllers on the platform or vessel, you can monitor system behavior and use application expertise and data science to characterize the operational conditions which enable operators to reduce their operating costs and maximize production. Combining unparalleled process expertise with data science and software development team, a system-wide view of the Seawater Treatment (SWT) process is produced. Using current and historical data from SWT operations, ingesting into an IOT platform and, utilizing custom software program, provide full visualization of the system performance and condition monitoring of critical components within the system. One example is monitoring the sulphate removal unit (SRU) and predicting fouling types of the membranes. With this enhanced view of performance and predictive analysis, you can reduce the need for offshore supervision and troubleshooting efforts and can prevent repeat failures and unplanned downtime. Using the SRU as an example, the Seawater Treatment software program enables early stage detection of membrane fouling which allows the operator to proactively implement a fouling mitigation program. By detecting the fouling early, the operator can optimize the cleaning in place (CIP) sequences, perform timely CIP and chemical dosing to extend the life of the membranes and prevent unnecessary downtime and prevent permanent membrane damage. It has been observed through historical data that operators can save a significant amount of money per year on membrane life, downtime reduction and production penalty prevention. There are additional potential savings by using an optimized chemical injection program to manage and prevent biogrowth/scale formation in the system. To address the operator's need of optimizing Seawater Treatment and other topside process equipment, a suite of process specific software applications can be fully integrated into a digital platform, providing a framework that easily can be tailored to customer's needs to include additional features if required. Combining a comprehensive selection of wellstream processing technologies with deep understanding of fluids behavior and proven track record of digitalization, operational issues can now be uncovered and solved. This is different from typical remote monitoring initiatives in that it applies proven machine learning and predictive analytics frameworks to detect patterns and traces from the captured data to provide the earliest possible detection of future issues and provide proactive recommendations to prevent disruption to operations.
为了最大限度地提高提高采收率(EOR)工艺的价值,一款状态监测软件程序旨在优化海水处理系统的性能和维护工作。通过收集来自平台或船舶上的传感器、仪器和控制器的数字输入,您可以监控系统行为,并利用应用专业知识和数据科学来描述操作条件,从而使作业者能够降低运营成本并最大限度地提高产量。将无与伦比的工艺专业知识与数据科学和软件开发团队相结合,产生了海水处理(SWT)过程的全系统视图。利用SWT操作的当前和历史数据,将其导入物联网平台,并利用定制软件程序,提供系统性能的全面可视化和系统内关键组件的状态监控。一个例子是监测硫酸盐去除装置(SRU)并预测膜的污染类型。通过这种增强的性能和预测分析视图,您可以减少对海上监督和故障排除工作的需求,并可以防止重复故障和意外停机。以SRU为例,海水处理软件程序可以早期检测膜污染,使作业者能够主动实施污染缓解方案。通过早期发现污垢,操作人员可以优化就地清洗(CIP)顺序,及时执行CIP和化学药剂,以延长膜的使用寿命,防止不必要的停机,防止永久性膜损坏。通过历史数据可以观察到,运营商每年可以在膜寿命、减少停机时间和防止生产损失方面节省大量资金。通过使用优化的化学注入程序来管理和防止系统中的生物生长/结垢形成,还可以节省额外的成本。为了满足作业者优化海水处理和其他上层工艺设备的需求,一套特定工艺的软件应用程序可以完全集成到一个数字平台中,提供一个框架,可以根据客户的需求轻松定制,包括必要的附加功能。结合全面的井流处理技术,对流体行为的深入了解和数字化的可靠记录,现在可以发现和解决操作问题。这与典型的远程监控计划不同,因为它应用经过验证的机器学习和预测分析框架,从捕获的数据中检测模式和痕迹,以便尽早发现未来的问题,并提供主动建议,以防止中断运营。
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引用次数: 0
Practical Method for Simulating Flotation for Produced Water System Design 采出水系统浮选模拟的实用方法
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29466-MS
M. Straw, D. Fielding, E. Kay, S. Lo, T. Eppinger
Maintaining produced water quality is a critical environmental target, and legislative requirement, for the oil and gas industry. Design and operation of effective produced water separation systems requires understanding and management of a range of complex multiphase flow phenomena, especially where gas flotation processes are used. This paper presents a novel modelling approach, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), developed to simulate gas flotation processes. The approach aims to predict the gas-oil coalescence process using a simple and time-efficient method. In the flotation process, small gas bubbles, introduced to the produced water, coalesce with the oil droplets present in the water. The combined gas-oil particles have more buoyancy than the oil droplets alone and separate more effectively from the water. While CFD approaches have been applied to improve the design and operation of a wide range of separation and compact and induced-gas flotation systems, it has typically been too technically challenging and time-consuming to attempt to capture the coalescence process involved in flotation in such simulations at a system level. Often, designers and engineers have to make use of general flow characteristics, behaviours and indicators to imply the flotation efficiency of a given design, with many combining simulations and physical testing to provide greater confidence in design and operating decisions. The approach presented in this work aims to predict the gas flotation process and coalescence efficiency, using a simplified approach by combining multiphase flow simulations, using Simcenter STAR-CCM+, representing both the small oil droplets and the gas bubbles. In the approach, the local concentration of oil droplets in water and in gas is tracked throughout a given produced water system. Oil is transferred between the water and the gas phases representing the coalescence process. The rate of transfer is governed by a model which depends on local flow conditions such as bubble size, probability of adhering and detaching and surface area of gas bubbles available for coalescence. The approach is applicable to both compact flotation and induced-gas flotation systems and the results of the approach give direct comparisons of oil in water concentration both through a system and in the water exiting. The oil concentration leaving the vessel is reported, thus directly quantifying the effectiveness of the vessel; this is an improvement over other approaches using CFD where flow characteristics are used as proxies to infer the separation effectiveness. In using flow characterisctics alone there is potential for critical aspects or counter-intuitive mechanisms to mislead engineers. It is hoped that the method presented will enable engineers and designers involved in the development, design and operation of produced water systems to more-fully understand both the complex fluid mechanics and efficiency of the flotation processes.
对于油气行业来说,保持采出水的质量是一个关键的环境目标,也是法律要求。设计和运行有效的采出水分离系统需要理解和管理一系列复杂的多相流现象,特别是在使用气浮工艺的情况下。本文提出了一种新的建模方法,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)来模拟气浮过程。该方法旨在用一种简单、省时的方法预测油气聚结过程。在浮选过程中,引入采出水中的小气泡与水中存在的油滴结合。混合的油气颗粒比单独的油滴具有更大的浮力,并且能更有效地与水分离。虽然CFD方法已被应用于改进各种分离、紧凑和诱导气浮选系统的设计和操作,但在系统级别的模拟中,试图捕捉浮选过程中的聚结过程通常在技术上具有挑战性,且耗时太长。通常,设计师和工程师必须利用一般的流动特性、行为和指标来暗示给定设计的浮选效率,许多模拟和物理测试相结合,为设计和操作决策提供更大的信心。本文提出的方法旨在通过Simcenter STAR-CCM+结合多相流模拟的简化方法,同时代表小油滴和气泡,来预测气浮过程和聚结效率。在该方法中,可以在给定的采出水系统中跟踪水和气中油滴的局部浓度。油在水和气相之间转移,代表了聚并过程。传输速率由一个模型控制,该模型取决于局部流动条件,如气泡大小、粘附和分离的概率以及可用于合并的气泡的表面积。该方法既适用于致密浮选系统,也适用于诱导气浮选系统,并且该方法的结果直接比较了系统内和出水中的油在水中的浓度。报告离开容器的油浓度,从而直接量化容器的有效性;这是对使用CFD的其他方法的改进,这些方法使用流动特性作为代理来推断分离效果。在单独使用流动特性时,可能存在一些关键方面或反直觉机制误导工程师。希望本文提出的方法能够使参与采出水系统开发、设计和操作的工程师和设计师更全面地了解复杂的流体力学和浮选过程的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Subsea Water Treatment Pilot Testing at the Ekofisk Field in the North Sea 在北海Ekofisk油田进行海底水处理中试
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29552-MS
Eirik Dirdal
A new subsea water treatment system for injection water has been developed and has undergone several phases of testing. A full-scale water treatment module has been built and is currently being tested at the Ekofisk field offshore Norway to determine its viability under North Sea field conditions. A hybrid configuration approach is used, as the test is based on utilizing existing infrastructure to minimize project cost. The subsea water treatment system was therefore installed next to a fixed platform and connected to topsides through a flexible hose for water supply and an umbilical for power and communication of the subsea water treatment module. The disinfected water is lifted to the platform deck through a retrieveable lift pump, and the treated water is then analyzed before injection into the reservoir through a high-pressure pump and converted production well. The primary objective with the test is to replicate the results from a similar full-scale version that was tested in sheltered environments in a fjord on the Norwegian west coast, which would verify the water treatment module's performance and reliability through seasonal variations and thereby demonstrate its ability to deliver injection water of a quality in real offshore conditions. The secondary objective is related to Ekofisk requirements and reservoir related impacts of injecting water treated by this new submerged water treatment technology. The results from this test will not become available until second half of 2019. The commissioning phase has been completed, and the results achieved so far are within expectations, with high disinfection capabilities and equipment regularity. The particle content in the water was generally higher than previous inshore testing, which was not a surprise due to the harsh environment and relatively shallow water (∼70m) in the Ekofisk Area. The project has recently moved into the longterm testing phase. The results from this phase will become available second half of 2019.
一种用于注入水的新型海底水处理系统已经开发出来,并经过了几个阶段的测试。一个全尺寸的水处理模块已经建成,目前正在挪威近海的Ekofisk油田进行测试,以确定其在北海油田条件下的可行性。使用混合配置方法,因为测试是基于利用现有的基础设施来最小化项目成本。因此,海底水处理系统安装在固定平台旁边,并通过柔性软管供水和用于海底水处理模块供电和通信的脐带缆连接到上层平台。消毒后的水通过可回收的提升泵被提升到平台甲板上,然后通过高压泵和改造的生产井对处理后的水进行分析,然后注入油藏。测试的主要目的是复制在挪威西海岸峡湾的封闭环境中测试的类似全尺寸版本的结果,这将验证水处理模块在季节性变化中的性能和可靠性,从而证明其在实际海上条件下提供高质量注入水的能力。第二个目标与Ekofisk要求和使用这种新型潜水处理技术处理的注水对油藏的影响有关。这项测试的结果要到2019年下半年才能公布。调试阶段已完成,目前取得的效果符合预期,消毒能力高,设备规整性好。水中的颗粒含量普遍高于以前的近海测试,这并不奇怪,因为埃科菲斯克地区的恶劣环境和相对较浅的水(约70米)。该项目最近进入了长期测试阶段。这一阶段的结果将于2019年下半年公布。
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引用次数: 2
Design Advancements for FLNG Coil Wound Heat Exchanger Technology FLNG盘管缠绕式换热器技术的设计进展
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29248-MS
J. McConville, J. Dally
Floating LNG (FLNG) has led to more compact plant layouts, a move to more modular construction methods, and marinization of traditional land based equipment. These developments have led to advancements in coil wound heat exchanger (CWHE) designs. This includes designing for blast loading, accounting for the fatigue impact of wave induced accelerations, new materials and coating systems for a marine environment, and novel base designs to take advantage of the modular construction. This paper describes these changes and the innovations in design and fabrication that will meet these new requirements and challenges.
浮式液化天然气(FLNG)导致了更紧凑的工厂布局,转向更模块化的施工方法,并使传统的陆上设备边缘化。这些发展导致了盘管缠绕式热交换器(CWHE)设计的进步。这包括针对爆炸载荷的设计,考虑波浪引起的加速度的疲劳影响,海洋环境的新材料和涂层系统,以及利用模块化结构的新基础设计。本文描述了这些变化和创新的设计和制造,将满足这些新的要求和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
A New All Electric Subsea Control System Development 新型全电动海底控制系统的研制
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29356-MS
C. Monteverde, Marco Novello, Karstein Kristiansen
Over the past few years a specific programme has focused on the development of subsea separators and a subsea water treatment and injection process composed of several modules and requiring a certain amount of new subsea technology (subsea barrier fluid-less water injection pumps, filters, special water analyzers, etc.). One of these technologies is the all-electric subsea control system. The all-electric versus the electro-hydraulic solution was selected for its inherent capability to:enable long step-out distances;run logics such as sequences and fast closed control loops involving subsea proportional valves;handle high frequency of simultaneous valve actuations;implement safety functions, including SIL certified, when required. Within the ongoing industrialization programme of the new technologies, a Joint Development Agreement has been put in place between two partners for the qualification of the open framework platform for the control of subsea processes. The development is pursued according to the API 17N and DNV RP-A203 requirements. The subsea control system is developed according to the approach to interface standardization, which is aimed at guaranteeing:–the interchangeability of modules coming from different vendors;–the reduction of physical interfaces;–the optimization of IMR intervention time. The technology mainly consists of:a qualified basic component platform to be used for project-based assembly;a complete set of tools such as web-server, condition monitoring server, integrated software development environment, etc.;a standard and user-friendly approach for software application development, based on P&ID graphic, in order to facilitate the sharing of software information between contractor and clients;standard industrial communication protocols (no proprietary protocols) accessible to all users, which are designed for easy interfacing of the control system with third party equipment. The JDA activity has concluded the Q1 qualification tests of electronic components and Q2 tests of electronic assemblies, pursuant to API 17F, as well as all the other qualification activities (tests and analyses) relevant to the non-electronic components (e.g. 40kVA subsea electrical transformer), according to the relevant technology qualification plan. Additional software packages have also been developed and successfully tested using the Test Driven Development (TDD) method. The qualification will be completed by Q1 2019 with integration tests of:–Topside Control System;–Subsea Power and Communication Distribution Manager;–Subsea Control Unit. The integration tests will allow to reach TRL 4 of the above subsea equipment, in accordance with API 17N.
在过去的几年里,一个特定的项目专注于开发海底分离器和海底水处理和注入工艺,该工艺由几个模块组成,需要一定数量的新海底技术(海底屏障无流体注水泵、过滤器、特殊水分析仪等)。其中一项技术是全电动海底控制系统。选择全电动与电液解决方案是因为其固有的能力:实现长距离的步进距离;运行逻辑,如顺序和涉及海底比例阀的快速闭环控制回路;处理高频率的同时阀门驱动;在需要时实现安全功能,包括SIL认证。在新技术正在进行的工业化计划中,两个合作伙伴之间已经达成了一项联合开发协议,以确定用于海底过程控制的开放式框架平台的资格。开发是根据API 17N和DNV RP-A203要求进行的。海底控制系统是根据接口标准化的方法开发的,旨在保证来自不同供应商的模块的互换性,减少物理接口,优化IMR干预时间。该技术主要包括:一个合格的基础组件平台,用于基于项目的装配;一套完整的工具,如web服务器、状态监测服务器、集成软件开发环境等;一个标准的、用户友好的基于P&ID图形的软件应用开发方法;为了促进承包商和客户之间的软件信息共享;所有用户都可以访问的标准工业通信协议(没有专有协议),旨在方便控制系统与第三方设备的接口。根据API 17F, JDA活动已经完成了电子元件的Q1鉴定测试和电子组件的Q2测试,以及根据相关技术鉴定计划,与非电子元件(例如40kVA海底变压器)相关的所有其他鉴定活动(测试和分析)。使用测试驱动开发(TDD)方法,还开发并成功地测试了其他软件包。该认证将于2019年第一季度完成,包括:-上层控制系统,-海底电源和通信分配管理器,-海底控制单元的集成测试。根据API 17N,集成测试将使上述海底设备达到TRL 4。
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引用次数: 2
Operational Adoption Challenges to USV/ROV Services USV/ROV服务的应用挑战
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29569-MS
P. Moles, Mathieu Ladreux, L. Karl
A fully unmanned surface vessel/remotely operated vehicle (USV/ROV) system—controlled remotely from shore and providing inspection and light intervention services—could deliver many benefits during offshore operations including increased safety, cost effectiveness, and data quality. Development of an unmanned solution also faces many challenges in ensuring the system's fitness for purpose. System developers must address a range of inter-related issues including system reliability; operational risks and mitigations; monitoring and analyzing performance of key hardware system; safety policies; determination of required level of control for the many activities and failsafe functionalities; potential regulatory requirements; and a path to adoption that satisfies all stakeholders. Solutions to the challenges of unmanned operations must consider the operational philosophies, governance policies and risk tolerance of the many stakeholders because acceptance of such solutions are not always straightforward. Many of the component technologies of the unmanned system are available and proven, but new solutions also need to be developed. ROVs piloted from onshore control centers and operations by unmanned surface vessels are not uncommon today. With no personnel on board to resolve problems, reliability must be increased from current levels, failsafe autonomy and increased ROV/USV functionality must be included in the USV/ROV system. The system's design also must provide for safe transfer of people from a manned vessel to the USV in the event that troubleshooting and more extensive maintenance are required. This paper reviews these challenges based on performing a series of traditional analyses: concept of operation reviews defined key operational functions; hazard analyses identified potential failure modes and their respective mitigation; reliability assessments to understand the current level of reliability for USV and ROV systems and requirements for multi-day missions; current and pending regulations were reviewed to identify their impact on technical specifications and operational procedures.
完全无人水面船/远程操作工具(USV/ROV)系统可以从岸上远程控制,并提供检查和轻型干预服务,可以在海上作业中带来许多好处,包括提高安全性、成本效益和数据质量。在确保系统的适用性方面,无人解决方案的开发也面临许多挑战。系统开发人员必须解决一系列相互关联的问题,包括系统可靠性;操作风险和缓解措施;关键硬件系统性能监控与分析;安全政策;确定许多活动和故障安全功能所需的控制水平;潜在的监管要求;以及一条满足所有利益相关者的采用之路。无人操作挑战的解决方案必须考虑操作理念、治理政策和许多利益相关者的风险承受能力,因为接受此类解决方案并不总是直截了当的。无人系统的许多组件技术都是可用的,并且经过了验证,但还需要开发新的解决方案。如今,由陆上控制中心驾驶的rov和无人水面舰艇的操作并不罕见。由于船上没有人员来解决问题,因此必须提高可靠性,在USV/ROV系统中必须包括故障安全自治和增强的ROV/USV功能。该系统的设计还必须提供在需要故障排除和更广泛维护的情况下,将人员从有人驾驶船只安全地转移到无人潜航器。本文在进行一系列传统分析的基础上回顾了这些挑战:操作评审概念定义了关键的操作功能;危害分析确定了潜在的失效模式及其相应的缓解措施;可靠性评估,以了解USV和ROV系统的当前可靠性水平以及多天任务的要求;审查了现行和待定的条例,以确定其对技术规格和操作程序的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ABB Subsea Power JIP – Going the Distance ABB海底电力JIP -走远
Pub Date : 2019-04-26 DOI: 10.4043/29550-MS
S. Ingebrigtsen, S. Vatland, J. Pretlove, Henning Nesheim
ABB is running a joint project with Equinor, Total and Chevron to develop technologies for subsea power transmission, distribution and conversion. The output will form a critical part of future advanced subsea field developments. Started in 2013, the project reached a major milestone in late 2017 when the first full-scale prototype of the variable speed drive (VSD) passed a shallow water test. Final preparations are now underway for a 3000-hour test of the complete subsea power system with two VSDs in a parallel configuration combined with subsea switchgear and controls. The new solution will ultimately mean operators can free up topside space, or use no topside installation whatsoever, yielding significant cost and safety benefits. It is an extremely challenging endeavour, not only due to the harsh conditions to which the equipment will be subjected, but also because of the considerable reliability required. The equipment, the medium voltage (MV) switchgear, control and low voltage (LV) distribution equipment and the VSDs, must be able to run without intervention for many years. The VSD's successful shallow-water test is the subject of a separate OTC paper; here, we present the highlights in the context of the wider project and particularly the steps taken to build confidence along the way that the proposed solution will be fit for purpose when fully launched. Readers will gain insights into the key steps of this cutting-edge project. These include modifying prototypes of the equipment based on rounds of simulations, laboratory assessments (eg accelerated aging, vibration and shock testing) and water testing. As such an undertaking has never been achieved before, it is a journey with considerable learnings to be shared not only upon completion but also en-route. As we approach the goal which is anticipated by the end of 2019, it is appropriate to begin to share what we have learnt as we have been going the distance.
ABB正在与Equinor、Total和Chevron开展一个联合项目,开发海底电力传输、分配和转换技术。产量将成为未来先进海底油田开发的关键部分。该项目始于2013年,在2017年底达到了一个重要的里程碑,当时变速驱动器(VSD)的第一个全尺寸原型通过了浅水测试。目前正在进行的最后准备工作是对整个海底电力系统进行3000小时的测试,该系统采用两个并联配置的vsd,并结合海底开关设备和控制器。新的解决方案最终意味着作业者可以腾出上部空间,或者不使用任何上部装置,从而获得显著的成本和安全效益。这是一项极具挑战性的努力,不仅因为设备将受到恶劣的条件,而且还因为需要相当大的可靠性。设备,包括中压开关柜、控制和低压配电设备以及vsd,必须能够多年不受干扰地运行。VSD成功的浅水测试是另一篇OTC论文的主题;在此,我们将在更广泛的项目背景下介绍重点,特别是为建立信心而采取的步骤,即所提议的解决办法在全面启动时将适合目的。读者将深入了解这个前沿项目的关键步骤。其中包括根据模拟、实验室评估(如加速老化、振动和冲击测试)和水测试修改设备原型。由于这样的事业以前从未实现过,这是一段旅程,不仅在完成后,而且在途中,都可以分享大量的经验教训。随着我们接近预计到2019年底的目标,开始分享我们在这段时间里学到的东西是合适的。
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引用次数: 2
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