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Methodology for Constructing Simplified Reservoir Models for Integrated Asset Models 综合资产模型中简化储层模型的构建方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206544-ms
Pavel Vladimirovich Markov, Andrey Yur’evich Botalov, Inna Vladimirovna Gaidamak, M. A. Smetkina, A. F. Rychkov, T. Koshkin
The paper presents the developed methodology for building simplified reservoir models for integrated asset models (IAM) of oil and gas fields: allocation and substantiation of areas, substantiation of model parameters, substantiation of actual weighted average reservoir pressure for areas, history matching and validation, evaluation of effective injection factors, integration in an IAM, prediction calculations, model updating. The novelty of the methodology is the developed approaches and methods of considering different features of fields with a high extent of automation for areas and fields as a whole. Models based on the material balance method and two-dimensional proxy models of one-phase flow in porous media are used as simplified reservoir models in the paper. The developed methodology has been successfully tested for four oil and gas fields of Russia, which have different geological and production features: a large field with a long development history and a large number of active wells, a field with low permeability in all pay zones and high scopes of new wells commissioning, a field with a gas cap and high gas/oil ratios (GOR) for individual wells, a field with a complex system of reservoirs and tectonic faults and a large number of multi-pay production wells. For three out of four fields, at the moment, the IAMs have been transferred to commercial operation based on the pilot projects performed and are used by field specialists to solve the following problems: quality analysis of reservoir pressure measurements; assessments of actual reservoir pressure trends by areas; assessments of ineffective injection for areas; prediction of reservoir pressure, water cut and GOR profiles for wells (up to one year) for various prediction scenarios, including optimization scenarios (taking into account the limitations of the material balance method).
本文介绍了为油气田综合资产模型(IAM)建立简化油藏模型的开发方法:区域的分配和确定、模型参数的确定、区域实际加权平均油藏压力的确定、历史匹配和验证、有效注入系数的评估、综合资产模型的集成、预测计算、模型更新。该方法的新颖之处在于开发了考虑领域不同特征的方法和方法,并对整个领域和领域进行了高度自动化。本文采用基于物质平衡法的模型和多孔介质单相流动的二维代理模型作为简化的储层模型。开发的方法已在俄罗斯四个具有不同地质和生产特征的油气田中成功进行了测试:开发历史长、活井多的大油田、全产层低渗透、新井投产范围大的油田、气顶高、单井气油比高的油田、储层和构造断裂复杂、多产井数量多的油田。目前,在4个油田中,有3个油田已经根据试点项目转入商业运营,并被现场专家用于解决以下问题:油藏压力测量的质量分析;按地区评估实际储层压力趋势;对地区无效注射的评估;针对各种预测情景,包括优化情景(考虑到物质平衡法的局限性),对油井(长达一年)的储层压力、含水率和GOR剖面进行预测。
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引用次数: 0
An Integrated Approach to Efficient Drilling through Unstable Coal Intervals Using Different Types of Mud in the Yamal Region 亚马尔地区不同类型泥浆在不稳定煤段高效钻井的综合方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206445-ms
Alexander V. Kabanov, A. Galimkhanov, A. Kharitonov, Alexander Mikhailovich Matsera, V. Pogurets, Ruslan Shamilevich Mavlyutov, Denis Vladimirovich Dolmatov, S. A. Sokovnin
This article is a description of an integrated engineering approach to solutions selection for efficient and safe drilling of unstable intervals represented by interbedded coal and argillite layers. Due to specific features of these formations, any significant mechanical stress, as well as penetration of drilling fluid filtrate, may lead to wellbore instability regardless of the drilling mud type used. The paper presents a description of the features of drilling in unstable intervals with various types of drilling muds (WBM/OBM) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO). Experience has shown that drilling through coal intervals prone to instability may cause significant non-productive time (NPT). Such wells should be designed with an integrated engineering approach, which covers the entire cycle: starting with the well path planning, casing setting depths selection, BHA design and drilling regimes of the risk interval. No less important, detailed development of solutions for drilling muds. During the study the main causes of issues in wells drilled through the interbedded formations of coal and argillites in two fields were identified. As a result, a set of measures was developed to minimize risks for each type of mud (OBM and WBM): – Revision of the initial well design solutions. Selection of optimal mud weight based on the experience gained and the geomechanical model – Revision of chemicals concentrations together with the use of additional additives – Placement of stabilizing pills across unstable intervals – Well path optimization – Development of safe drilling procedures. The measures developed for various types of drilling muds allowed minimizing the NPT and successfully completing the wells on time. The experience gained formed the basis for recommendations to prevent issues associated with the coal layers instability in the region.
本文描述了一种综合工程方法,以有效和安全的钻进以煤和泥质夹层为代表的不稳定层段。由于这些地层的特殊特性,无论使用何种钻井泥浆,任何显著的机械应力以及钻井液滤液的渗透都可能导致井筒不稳定。介绍了亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区(YNAO)不同类型钻井液(WBM/OBM)在不稳定井段的钻井特点。经验表明,在易失稳的煤层中钻井可能会导致大量的非生产时间(NPT)。此类井的设计应采用综合工程方法,涵盖整个周期:从井径规划、套管下入深度选择、BHA设计和风险段的钻井方案开始。同样重要的是,钻井泥浆解决方案的详细开发。在研究过程中,确定了两个油田煤与泥质互层地层中钻井出现问题的主要原因。因此,开发人员制定了一套措施,以最大限度地降低每种泥浆(OBM和WBM)的风险。根据所获得的经验和地质力学模型选择最佳泥浆比重——化学物质浓度的修正以及额外添加剂的使用——在不稳定的井段放置稳定丸——井眼轨迹优化——安全钻井程序的开发。针对不同类型的钻井泥浆开发的措施可以最大限度地减少NPT,并按时成功完井。所取得的经验构成了建议的基础,以防止与该区域煤层不稳定有关的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Machine Learning for Lithology-on-Bit Prediction using Drilling Data in Real-Time 机器学习在利用钻井数据实时预测钻头岩性中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206622-ms
Temirlan Zhekenov, A. Nechaev, K. Chettykbayeva, A. Zinovyev, G. Sardarov, O. Tatur, Y. Petrakov, Alexey Sobolev
Researchers base their analysis on basic drilling parameters obtained during mud logging and demonstrate impressive results. However, due to limitations imposed by data quality often present during drilling, those solutions often tend to lose their stability and high levels of predictivity. In this work, the concept of hybrid modeling was introduced which allows to integrate the analytical correlations with algorithms of machine learning for obtaining stable solutions consistent from one data set to another.
研究人员基于在泥浆测井中获得的基本钻井参数进行分析,并展示了令人印象深刻的结果。然而,由于钻井过程中数据质量的限制,这些解决方案往往会失去稳定性和高水平的预测性。在这项工作中,引入了混合建模的概念,它允许将分析相关性与机器学习算法相结合,以获得从一个数据集到另一个数据集的稳定解。
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引用次数: 1
Implementation of Vendor-Independent Stochastic Inversion for Improving Quality and Efficiency of Well Placement on the Field of Novatek Company 在Novatek公司油田实施独立于供应商的随机反演,提高井位质量和效率
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206621-ms
D. Nemushchenko, Pavel Vladimirovich Shpakov, P. Bybin, K. Ronzhin, Mikhail Vladimirovich Sviridov
The article describes the application of a new stochastic inversion of the deep-azimuthal resistivity data, independent from the tool vendor. The new model was performed on the data from several wells of the PAO «Novatek», that were drilled using deep-azimuthal resistivity tools of two service companies represented in the global oilfield services market. This technology allows to respond in a timely manner when the well approaches the boundaries with contrasting resistivity properties and to avoid exit to unproductive zones. Nowadays, the azimuthal resistivity data is the method with the highest penetration depth for the geosteering in real time. Stochastic inversion is a special mathematical algorithm based on the statistical Monte Carlo method to process the readings of resistivity while drilling in real time and provide a geoelectrical model for making informed decisions when placing horizontal and deviated wells. Until recently, there was no unified approach to calculate stochastic inversion, which allows to perform calculations for various tools. Deep-azimuthal resistivity logging tool vendors have developed their own approaches. This article presents a method for calculating stochastic inversion. This approach was never applied for this kind of azimuthal resistivity data. Additionally, it does not depend on the tool vendor, therefore, allows to compare the data from various tools using a single approach.
本文介绍了一种新的独立于工具供应商的深部方位电阻率数据随机反演的应用。新模型是根据PAO«Novatek»的几口井的数据进行的,这些井是使用全球油田服务市场上两家服务公司的深方位电阻率工具钻探的。该技术允许在井接近具有对比电阻率特性的边界时及时响应,并避免进入非生产性区域。目前,方位角电阻率数据是实时地质导向中穿透深度最大的方法。随机反演是一种基于统计蒙特卡罗方法的特殊数学算法,用于实时处理钻井时的电阻率读数,并为水平井和斜井的下入决策提供地电模型。直到最近,还没有统一的方法来计算随机反演,从而允许对各种工具进行计算。深方位角电阻率测井工具供应商已经开发了自己的方法。本文提出了一种计算随机反演的方法。这种方法从未应用于这种方位电阻率数据。此外,它不依赖于工具供应商,因此,允许使用单一方法比较来自各种工具的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Adsorption-Retention Constants and Inaccessible Pore Volume for High-Molecular Polymers 高分子聚合物吸附-保持常数和不可达孔体积的测定
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206428-ms
K. Fedorov, T. Pospelova, A. V. Kobyashev, A. Gilmanov, T. N. Kovalchuk, A. Shevelev
The application of chemical enhanced oil recovery methods is based mainly on data from experiments. Determining the adsorption constants without destroying the sample remains a relevant problem. It is necessary for accurate data. The determination of filtration parameters of high-molecular polymers in a porous medium using special model is considered in this paper. The aim of the investigation is the solution of inverse problem of polymer transport with adsorption. The key data for this are the characteristic times of the polymer front propagation, water and rock densities, porosity, and initial polymer concentration. The solutions of the direct problem and the inverse problem from the characteristic form of equations are obtained. The algorithm of interpretation of adsorption-retention parameters and inaccessible pore volume form non-destructive experimental studies is developed. Comparison of the calculated values of the inaccessible pore volume with the results of laboratory studies leads to an error within 10%. The practical application of the algorithm was carried out using the data obtained in previously conducted experiments.
化学提高采油方法的应用主要基于实验数据。在不破坏样品的情况下确定吸附常数仍然是一个相关的问题。准确的数据是必要的。本文考虑用特殊模型确定多孔介质中高分子聚合物的过滤参数。研究的目的是求解聚合物吸附输运的反问题。关键数据是聚合物前缘扩展的特征时间、水和岩石密度、孔隙度和初始聚合物浓度。由方程的特征形式得到了正问题和反问题的解。提出了吸附-保留参数的解释算法和不可达孔体积的无损实验研究。可达孔隙体积计算值与实验室研究结果的比较误差在10%以内。该算法的实际应用是利用之前的实验数据进行的。
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引用次数: 3
Hierarchy of Integrated Models of Varying Detail to Solve Problems at Different Stages of Gas Condensate Projects Development 解决凝析气项目开发不同阶段问题的变细节综合模型层次
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206545-ms
A. Varavva, R. Apasov, R. Badgutdinov, A. Yamaletdinov, F. A. Koryakin, Ekaterina Evgenevna Sandalova, D. Samolovov, S. Bikbulatov, Sergey Sergey Nekhaev
This study makes an attempt to generalize the integrated modeling tools used by the authors in practice on the basis of the following criteria: the volume of the initial data, the integration mechanism, constraints and assumptions. Various types of integrated models are compared with each other, the need for their application is analyzed, they are connected at various stages of the project development and by the tasks solved at this stage. It also describes the challenges that the authors encountered when working with integrated models of various levels of detail, approaches to their solution, and the lessons learned.
本文从初始数据量、集成机制、约束条件和假设条件四个方面对作者在实践中使用的集成建模工具进行了归纳。对各种类型的集成模型进行了比较,分析了它们的应用需求,并在项目开发的各个阶段以及该阶段所解决的任务中将它们联系起来。它还描述了作者在使用各种细节级别的集成模型时遇到的挑战、解决方案的方法以及学到的经验教训。
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引用次数: 0
New method for Handling of Infrastructural Constraints for Integrated Modeling in Steady Case 稳定情况下集成建模基础约束处理的新方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206542-ms
D. Olenchikov
Recently, more and more reservoir flow models are being extended to integrated ones to consider the influence of the surface network on the field development. A serious numerical problem is the handling of constraints in the form of inequalities. It is especially difficult in combination with optimization and automatic control of well and surface equipment. Traditional numerical methods solve the problem iteratively, choosing the operation modes for network elements. Sometimes solution may violate constraints or not be an optimal. The paper proposes a new flexible and relatively efficient method that allows to reliably handle constraints. The idea is to work with entire set of all possible operation modes according to constraints and control capabilities. Let's call this set an operation modes domain (OMD). The problem is solved in two stages. On the first stage (direct course) the OMD are calculated for all network elements from wells to terminal. Constraints are handled by narrowing the OMD. On the second stage (backward course) the optimal solution is chosen from OMD.
近年来,越来越多的油藏流动模型被扩展为综合模型,以考虑地面网络对油田开发的影响。一个严肃的数值问题是以不等式的形式处理约束。与井和地面设备的优化和自动控制相结合尤其困难。传统的数值方法是迭代求解,选择网元的运行方式。有时解决方案可能违反约束或不是最优的。本文提出了一种新的灵活且相对有效的方法,可以可靠地处理约束。其理念是根据约束和控制能力,使用一整套所有可能的操作模式。我们把这个集合称为操作模式域(OMD)。这个问题分两个阶段解决。在第一阶段(直接井段),计算从井到终端的所有网元的OMD。通过缩小OMD来处理约束。在第二阶段(逆向过程),从OMD中选择最优解。
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引用次数: 0
3D Modeling of Stability of Mobile Jack-Up Rigs Under Seismic Impacts 地震作用下移动式自升式钻井平台稳定性的三维建模
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206606-ms
I. Vasilev, Nikita Vladislavovich Dubinya, Viktor Andreevich Nachev, D. Alekseev, S. Tikhotskiy
The work is devoted to the study of the influence of external mechanical impacts on the stability of jack-up floating drilling rigs. Ensuring safety when working on jack-up floating drilling rigs (jack-up rigs) is one of the most important tasks at the initial stages of offshore hydrocarbon field development. The aim of the work is simulation of the stability of the rigs, which is in the operating mode, both in the absence of external effects acting on it, and when it is affected by various geodynamic processes. Calculation of jack-up rig stability in sea soil with complex viscoelastoplastic rheology under external mechanical influences was carried out using the finite element method. As a result of the work, the spatial distributions of stress and strain fields were determined both in the jack-up rig itself and in the area of the soil in the vicinity of its supports, in an equilibrium and disturbed state. The results of equilibrium static calculations made it possible to analyze the zones of localization of stresses and deformations in the jack-up rig with respect to stability: the structural elements that are most dangerous from the perspective of stability loss were identified. The analysis of the soil area in the vicinity of the jack-up rig supports made it possible to estimate the typical dimensions of the stress concentration zones arising during the jack-up installation and draw conclusions about the requirements on details and scalability of the model of mechanical properties needed for geomechanical modeling at specific objects. The obtained results of dynamic calculations - the response of theconsidered system to external influences simulating remote seismic processes - made it possible to study the process of loss of jack-up rig stability. The critical values of the parameters describing external influences were determined: in particular, the amplitudes of surface seismic waves leading to the loss of stability of the jack-up rig were found. The obtained results made it possible to formulate an algorithm for predicting seismic hazard during drilling in offshore conditions, based on numerical modeling of mechanical processes at specific locations.
研究了外部机械冲击对自升式浮式钻井平台稳定性的影响。确保自升式浮式钻井平台(自升式钻井平台)作业的安全是海上油气田开发初期最重要的任务之一。这项工作的目的是模拟钻机的稳定性,无论是在没有外部影响的情况下,还是在受到各种地球动力学过程影响的情况下,钻机在运行模式下的稳定性。采用有限元法对具有复杂粘弹塑性流变特性的海土中自升式钻井平台在外力作用下的稳定性进行了计算。研究结果确定了自升式钻井平台本身及其支架附近土壤区域处于平衡状态和扰动状态时的应力场和应变场的空间分布。平衡静力计算的结果可以分析自升式钻井平台中与稳定性相关的应力和变形的局部区域:从稳定性损失的角度来看,确定了最危险的结构元件。通过对自升式钻井平台支架附近的土壤区域进行分析,可以估计自升式钻井平台安装过程中产生的应力集中区的典型尺寸,并得出关于特定物体地质力学建模所需的力学特性模型的细节要求和可扩展性的结论。获得的动力计算结果-所考虑的系统对模拟远程地震过程的外部影响的响应-使得研究自升式钻井平台稳定性丧失的过程成为可能。确定了描述外部影响的参数的临界值:特别是发现了导致自升式钻井平台失去稳定性的地表地震波的振幅。所获得的结果使得基于特定位置机械过程的数值模拟,制定一种预测海上钻井过程中地震危险的算法成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Successful Application of Managed Pressure Drilling and Cementing in Naturally Fractured Carbonates Environment of Prohorovskoe Exploration Well 控压钻井固井在Prohorovskoe探井天然碳酸盐岩裂缝环境中的成功应用
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206449-ms
D. Krivolapov, T. Soroka, A. Polyarush, D.К. Lobastov, V. Balalaev, Aleksey Valisevich, P. Ivanov, A. Pozdnyakov, Dmitry Smolev, D. Frankov
This technical paper provides the result of utilizing MPD technology for drilling and cementing a 127 mm production liner withing the Zadonian horizon D3zd in an exploratory well of the Prohorovskoe field. The previous wells drilled with a conventional approach in the field had complicated issues such as circulation losses and well control. It was complexified with high hydrogen disulfide concentration in reservoir oil which was a health hazard to a site personnel. As a result, to eliminate all complications, resources and operational time were needed. To prevent and eliminate complications in a long wall, core drilling and well completion, managed pressure drilling (MPD) and cementing technology with semi-automatic control system was applied. The project is unique as such complicated jobs with the core drilling and cementing with MPD were executed for the first time in The Komi Republic. MPD approach allowed to figure out bottomhole safe conditions and maintain ECD within a required pressure window. It is necessary to notice that a part of the section was core drilled. Knowing the window between pore and fracture pressures safety limits, a run-in-the-hole design with further cementing job was optimized. The execution was done flawlessly without circulation losses and well control issues. In comparison to a previous well in the Prohorovskoe field, MPD allowed to shorten loss circulated mud volume from 2 2215 m3 to 0 m3 and avoid non-productive time. Through accomplished goals and lessons learned, new grounds to well owners and well services in a field development stage are broken.
本技术论文介绍了在Prohorovskoe油田的一口探井中,利用MPD技术在Zadonian D3zd层位钻井和固井127毫米生产尾管的结果。以前在现场使用常规方法钻井的井存在复杂的问题,如循环漏失和井控。储层油中二硫化氢浓度高,对现场工作人员的健康造成严重危害。因此,为了消除所有并发症,需要资源和操作时间。为了防止和消除长壁、岩心钻井和完井中的并发症,采用了带半自动控制系统的控压钻井(MPD)和固井技术。该项目的独特之处在于,这是在Komi共和国首次进行如此复杂的岩心钻井和MPD固井作业。MPD方法可以确定井底安全状况,并将ECD保持在要求的压力范围内。需要注意的是,该剖面的一部分是钻芯的。了解了孔隙压力和破裂压力安全界限之间的窗口,优化了下入井设计,并进行了进一步的固井作业。执行过程完美无缺,没有出现循环漏失和井控问题。与Prohorovskoe油田之前的一口井相比,MPD将损失循环泥浆量从2 2215 m3减少到0 m3,并避免了非生产时间。通过完成目标和吸取经验教训,在油田开发阶段为井主和井服务开辟了新的领域。
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引用次数: 0
An Example of Building a Petrophysical Model of Unconsolidated Gas-Saturated Laminated Sediments Using Advanced Wireline and Logging While Drilling Services 利用先进的电缆和随钻测井服务建立未固结饱和气层状沉积物岩石物理模型的实例
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.2118/206620-ms
A. Bokarev, Dmitriy Mikhailovich Yezersky, A. Filimonov, I. Dubnitsky, V. Vorobiev
Productive deposits of the Turonian age as part of the Kuznetsovskaya Formation are cover the eastern part of Western Siberia (Figure 1), but until recently they were not of wide industrial interest. Today, most of the gas reserves in Western Siberia are produced in the Cenomanian deposits, which are in the stage of declining production. The productivity of the deposits above Cenomanian layer has been established in many fields where the Cenomanian formations are productive. In general, in Western Siberia in the Turonian deposits, there are more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas, which allows us to consider them as high-potential sources of gas reserves. The main difficulties in the industrial development of Turonian deposits are reduced permeability, high dissection, high content of clay fraction, high macro- and microheterogeneity of the reservoir, inconsistency of effective thicknesses in plan and section. In turn, the relatively low temperature of the reservoir predetermines the operation of the field in a mode close to hydration (Avramenko et all., 2019). Under these conditions, a good petrophysical baseline is essential to assess the exploration potential of the assets and design the development of the reservoir. Shaly gas-saturated formations are not a simple object for petrophysical modeling. Adding to this the low quality of the core material caused by the weak cementation of shallow deposits, we get a very nontrivial problem. On the other hand, modern horizontal well development scenarios dictate their requirements for petrophysical models. In other words, the petrophysical model must maintain its stability for any well logging regardless of the well trajectory (vertical or horizontal) and the logging method conveyance (wireline or while drilling). The authors of the paper carried out work on the development of a universal petrophysical model of the Turonian reservoir, for one of the fields in the region of the north of Western Siberia, based on a modern extended GIS complex.
Turonian时代的多产矿床作为Kuznetsovskaya组的一部分,覆盖了西西伯利亚的东部(图1),但直到最近才引起广泛的工业兴趣。如今,西伯利亚西部的大部分天然气储量都产自塞诺曼尼亚矿床,该矿床正处于产量下降阶段。在许多具有生产能力的油田中,已经确定了塞诺曼尼亚层以上矿床的生产能力。总的来说,在西伯利亚西部的Turonian矿床中,有超过3万亿立方米的天然气,这使我们可以将其视为高潜力的天然气储量来源。吐鲁四系储层工业开发的主要困难是渗透率低、解剖程度高、粘粒含量高、储层宏观和微观非均质性高、平面和剖面有效厚度不一致。反过来,相对较低的储层温度预先决定了该油田以接近水化的模式运行(Avramenko等)。, 2019)。在这种情况下,良好的岩石物理基线对于评估资产的勘探潜力和设计储层开发至关重要。页岩气饱和地层不是岩石物理建模的简单对象。再加上由于浅层沉积物胶结作用弱而导致的岩心质量低,我们就遇到了一个非常重要的问题。另一方面,现代水平井开发方案决定了它们对岩石物理模型的要求。换句话说,无论井眼轨迹(垂直或水平)和测井方式(电缆或随钻)如何,岩石物理模型都必须保持其稳定性。本文作者基于现代扩展GIS复合体,为西西伯利亚北部地区的一个油田开发了Turonian储层的通用岩石物理模型。
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引用次数: 0
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