The objective of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters for the scrotal circumference of bulls of beef breeds in the Czech Republic. The used database for the years 1996–2020 comprised information on the scrotal circumference measurements from 22 065 bulls of 19 pure breeds and crossbred animals of the Beef Simmental, Charolais, and Hereford breeds. After adjustments, the database contained 16 404 records. To test the influence of systematic fixed effects, the GLM/SAS procedure using the least-squares method was applied. The contemporary group, weight and age of the bulls were included as significant systematic environmental effects (< 0.05). The genetic parameters were determined by a single-trait model using the AIREMLF90 program. The heritability coefficient of the scrotal circumference was 0.27. Environmental correlations of the scrotal circumference with the bull weight were moderate and positive (r = 0.2), but the correlations between the age in days and the scrotal circumference were almost zero (r = 0.03). The results indicate that the scrotal circumference of beef cattle breeds provides sufficiently high genetic variability that can be used to identify individuals with an above-average circumference and, in this way, increase the probability of selection of a young bull with a better reproduction potential.
{"title":"Genetic evaluation of the scrotal circumference of beef bulls in the Czech Republic","authors":"A. Novotna, M. Brzáková, Alena Birovaš, Z. Veselá","doi":"10.17221/84/2022-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/84/2022-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters for the scrotal circumference of bulls of beef breeds in the Czech Republic. The used database for the years 1996–2020 comprised information on the scrotal circumference measurements from 22 065 bulls of 19 pure breeds and crossbred animals of the Beef Simmental, Charolais, and Hereford breeds. After adjustments, the database contained 16 404 records. To test the influence of systematic fixed effects, the GLM/SAS procedure using the least-squares method was applied. The contemporary group, weight and age of the bulls were included as significant systematic environmental effects (< 0.05). The genetic parameters were determined by a single-trait model using the AIREMLF90 program. The heritability coefficient of the scrotal circumference was 0.27. Environmental correlations of the scrotal circumference with the bull weight were moderate and positive (r = 0.2), but the correlations between the age in days and the scrotal circumference were almost zero (r = 0.03). The results indicate that the scrotal circumference of beef cattle breeds provides sufficiently high genetic variability that can be used to identify individuals with an above-average circumference and, in this way, increase the probability of selection of a young bull with a better reproduction potential.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49438248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a potential circulating mediator connecting nutritional factors and fat metabolism, however, information is lacking on the exact role of ANGPTL4 on triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscles and livers of broilers. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscles and livers of broilers injected intravenously with ANGPTL4. In experiment 1, 36 male Arbor Acres broilers at 35 days of age were randomly allocated into six treatments with six replicates. The broilers were subjected to intravenous injection of polyhistidine-small ubiquitin-related modifier-ANGPTL4 (His-SUMO-ANGPTL4) once at a dose of 0, 20, 100, 500, 2 500, or 12 500 ng/kg body weight (BW), respectively. The results showed that the injection of His-SUMO-ANGPTL4 at a dose of 500, 2 500 and 12 500 ng/kg BW decreased (P < 0.05) the broilers’ heart-fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) mRNA expression in the thigh muscle. All of the His-SUMO-ANGPTL4 broiler injected groups had a lower (P < 0.05) adipocyte-fatty acid-binding protein mRNA expression in the thigh muscle. In experiment 2, 18 male Arbor Acres broilers at 35 days of age were randomly allocated into three treatments with six replicates. The broilers were given an injection of normal saline (NS), His-SUMO, or His-SUMO-ANGPTL4 (500 ng/kg BW) once. The results showed that the broilers receiving an injection of ANGPTL4 at a dose of 500 ng/kg BW decreased (P < 0.05) the H-FABP mRNA expression in the thigh muscle. Besides, the broilers given an injection of ANGPTL4 at a dose of 500 ng/kg BW increased (P < 0.05) the fatty acid synthase mRNA expression and activity and decreased (P < 0.05) the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression in the liver. However, the concentrations of the high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, insulin, growth hormone and leptin in the serum were not affected by the ANGPTL4 injection. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 has the ability to change the triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscles and livers of broilers.
{"title":"Changes in the triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscle and liver of broilers injected intravenously with angiopoietin-like protein 4","authors":"Xu Zhao, Huashan Huang","doi":"10.17221/134/2021-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/134/2021-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a potential circulating mediator connecting nutritional factors and fat metabolism, however, information is lacking on the exact role of ANGPTL4 on triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscles and livers of broilers. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscles and livers of broilers injected intravenously with ANGPTL4. In experiment 1, 36 male Arbor Acres broilers at 35 days of age were randomly allocated into six treatments with six replicates. The broilers were subjected to intravenous injection of polyhistidine-small ubiquitin-related modifier-ANGPTL4 (His-SUMO-ANGPTL4) once at a dose of 0, 20, 100, 500, 2 500, or 12 500 ng/kg body weight (BW), respectively. The results showed that the injection of His-SUMO-ANGPTL4 at a dose of 500, 2 500 and 12 500 ng/kg BW decreased (P < 0.05) the broilers’ heart-fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) mRNA expression in the thigh muscle. All of the His-SUMO-ANGPTL4 broiler injected groups had a lower (P < 0.05) adipocyte-fatty acid-binding protein mRNA expression in the thigh muscle. In experiment 2, 18 male Arbor Acres broilers at 35 days of age were randomly allocated into three treatments with six replicates. The broilers were given an injection of normal saline (NS), His-SUMO, or His-SUMO-ANGPTL4 (500 ng/kg BW) once. The results showed that the broilers receiving an injection of ANGPTL4 at a dose of 500 ng/kg BW decreased (P < 0.05) the H-FABP mRNA expression in the thigh muscle. Besides, the broilers given an injection of ANGPTL4 at a dose of 500 ng/kg BW increased (P < 0.05) the fatty acid synthase mRNA expression and activity and decreased (P < 0.05) the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression in the liver. However, the concentrations of the high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, insulin, growth hormone and leptin in the serum were not affected by the ANGPTL4 injection. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 has the ability to change the triglyceride metabolism in the thigh muscles and livers of broilers.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gao, Dong Gao, Qiuxu Zhang, Yuanchi Wang, Aiqin Gao
Microencapsulated linseed oil (MLO) has been used in diets to enhance the omega-3 fatty acid concentration of meat in beef cattle without negatively affecting ruminal microbials and digestion; however, the growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, and rumen characteristics in response to MLO have not been examined in sheep. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil supplement on growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters in Small-tailed Han sheep. Eighteen 5-months-old male sheep (25.31 ± 1.31 kg) were allocated to three groups. After seven days of adaptation to a basal diet, fed for 80 days, the treatments allocated were (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet with added 2% linseed oil (LO); (3) basal diet with added 4% MLO. The results showed that treatments had no effects on growth performance (P ≥ 0.10). Compared to CON and MLO group, the pH24 h of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in LO group was lower (P = 0.07), while the shear force was higher (P = 0.01). Compared to CON group, the addition of linseed oil increased proportions of C17:1, C18:2 n-6c, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated fatty acids and total n-6, while it decreased the proportion of C17:0, C16:1 and C18:1 c-9 in LD muscle (P < 0.10). The lambs in LO and MLO group had higher proportions of C20:1, C18:3 n-3 and total n-3 in LD muscle than those in CON group (P < 0.10). Compared to CON group, the ruminal pH value of MLO group and the ruminal NH3–N content of LO group were lower (P < 0.10). The total volatile fatty acid, proportion of acetate, and acetate/propionate were deceased in LO and MLO groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the two supplements significantly increased the proportions of propionate, butyrate and isovalerate (P < 0.05). Circulating cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were increased by linseed oil supplementation (P = 0.04). In conclusion, these results indicate that microencapsulated linseed oil did not exhibit any superior effects on muscle fatty acid composition and rumen fermentation of lambs.
{"title":"Performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters of lambs fed microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil","authors":"C. Gao, Dong Gao, Qiuxu Zhang, Yuanchi Wang, Aiqin Gao","doi":"10.17221/77/2022-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/77/2022-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"Microencapsulated linseed oil (MLO) has been used in diets to enhance the omega-3 fatty acid concentration of meat in beef cattle without negatively affecting ruminal microbials and digestion; however, the growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, and rumen characteristics in response to MLO have not been examined in sheep. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of microencapsulated or conventional linseed oil supplement on growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fatty acid profile, rumen characteristics and serum parameters in Small-tailed Han sheep. Eighteen 5-months-old male sheep (25.31 ± 1.31 kg) were allocated to three groups. After seven days of adaptation to a basal diet, fed for 80 days, the treatments allocated were (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet with added 2% linseed oil (LO); (3) basal diet with added 4% MLO. The results showed that treatments had no effects on growth performance (P ≥ 0.10). Compared to CON and MLO group, the pH24 h of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in LO group was lower (P = 0.07), while the shear force was higher (P = 0.01). Compared to CON group, the addition of linseed oil increased proportions of C17:1, C18:2 n-6c, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated fatty acids and total n-6, while it decreased the proportion of C17:0, C16:1 and C18:1 c-9 in LD muscle (P < 0.10). The lambs in LO and MLO group had higher proportions of C20:1, C18:3 n-3 and total n-3 in LD muscle than those in CON group (P < 0.10). Compared to CON group, the ruminal pH value of MLO group and the ruminal NH3–N content of LO group were lower (P < 0.10). The total volatile fatty acid, proportion of acetate, and acetate/propionate were deceased in LO and MLO groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the two supplements significantly increased the proportions of propionate, butyrate and isovalerate (P < 0.05). Circulating cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were increased by linseed oil supplementation (P = 0.04). In conclusion, these results indicate that microencapsulated linseed oil did not exhibit any superior effects on muscle fatty acid composition and rumen fermentation of lambs.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43722522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Pabitra, Tanvir Mohammad Maruf, Sabrina Islam Mony, Rashik Ebnat, M. Rashedul Hoque, M. Bhuiyan
Casein beta (CSN2) is the most explored gene in cattle due to its potential impact on human health. Here, we investigated the entire coding sequence of CSN2 gene except the last two codons for detection of polymorphisms in different cattle populations of Bangladesh as well as genotyping of A1 and A2 allelic variants using a newly developed allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) based the genotyping protocol. Five primer pairs were used to amplify the coding sequences of CSN2 gene. This study included a total of 258 DNA samples from six Bangladeshi zebu populations and one Holstein Friesian (HF) derived crossbred cattle population. Sequence analysis detected five nonsynonymous mutations in the coding sequence of CSN2 gene that defined five allelic variants as A1, A2, B, F and I. In addition, substitution of GTA (Val) by GCA (Ala) at position 197 resulted in an undefined allele in the zebu cattle population of Bangladesh that has not yet been reported elsewhere. Like other Bos indicus cattle populations, A2 allele is predominant in the studied zebu populations. The mean frequencies of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.02, 0.16 and 0.82, respectively, in zebu cattle populations while the corresponding allele frequencies were A1 (0.10) and A2 (0.90). In opposite, the aforesaid genotype frequencies were 0.14 (A1A1), 0.50 (A1A2) and 0.36 (A2A2) in the HF crossbred population with allele frequencies of 0.39 (A1) and 0.61 (A2). The adopted AS-PCR method was found cost-effective, rapid and had high specificity for genotyping of A1 and A2 allelic variants. Altogether, this study provides information for the selection of desired zebu and crossbred individuals in order to produce premium quality milk as well as to design a breeding plan in the crossbreeding program.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and A1/A2 genotyping of casein beta gene in zebu and crossbred cattle of Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Pabitra, Tanvir Mohammad Maruf, Sabrina Islam Mony, Rashik Ebnat, M. Rashedul Hoque, M. Bhuiyan","doi":"10.17221/206/2021-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/206/2021-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"Casein beta (CSN2) is the most explored gene in cattle due to its potential impact on human health. Here, we investigated the entire coding sequence of CSN2 gene except the last two codons for detection of polymorphisms in different cattle populations of Bangladesh as well as genotyping of A1 and A2 allelic variants using a newly developed allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) based the genotyping protocol. Five primer pairs were used to amplify the coding sequences of CSN2 gene. This study included a total of 258 DNA samples from six Bangladeshi zebu populations and one Holstein Friesian (HF) derived crossbred cattle population. Sequence analysis detected five nonsynonymous mutations in the coding sequence of CSN2 gene that defined five allelic variants as A1, A2, B, F and I. In addition, substitution of GTA (Val) by GCA (Ala) at position 197 resulted in an undefined allele in the zebu cattle population of Bangladesh that has not yet been reported elsewhere. Like other Bos indicus cattle populations, A2 allele is predominant in the studied zebu populations. The mean frequencies of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.02, 0.16 and 0.82, respectively, in zebu cattle populations while the corresponding allele frequencies were A1 (0.10) and A2 (0.90). In opposite, the aforesaid genotype frequencies were 0.14 (A1A1), 0.50 (A1A2) and 0.36 (A2A2) in the HF crossbred population with allele frequencies of 0.39 (A1) and 0.61 (A2). The adopted AS-PCR method was found cost-effective, rapid and had high specificity for genotyping of A1 and A2 allelic variants. Altogether, this study provides information for the selection of desired zebu and crossbred individuals in order to produce premium quality milk as well as to design a breeding plan in the crossbreeding program.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shen, Tao Li, Jian Lu, Kehua Wang, L. Qu, Qirui Hou, Weiguo Zhao, Ping Wu
The effects of dietary supplementation with moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and mulberry (Morus nigra L.) leaf powder on the clutch trait, reproductive organs, follicles, steroid hormones, and gene expressions of laying chickens were investigated during a 42-day experiment. Two hundred and ten Chinese local strain hens aged 37 weeks were randomly allocated to three groups, each group included five replicates, with 14 hens per replicate. The hens in the control group were fed with the basal diet, whereas those in the test groups were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 2.5% moringa leaf powder and 2.5% mulberry leaf powder (MOLP2.5+MLP2.5), 5% MOLP and 2.5% MLP (MOLP5+MLP2.5). The clutch traits (clutches, clutch length, delay days) were recorded during the trial. At the end of the experiment, the effect of the dietary supplementation with MOLP and MLP on the reproductive organs and tissues was estimated, and the gene expressions of ESR1, ESR2, CYP19A1 and STAR were analysed. Compared with the control group, the clutch performed worse in the treatment groups, however, the laying rate, reproductive organs and tissues in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group showed no significant difference. Though the oestrogen levels did not significantly increase, they were elevated in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group. Furthermore, it was identified that the expression levels of the ESR1 and CYP19A1 mRNA were significantly upregulated in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, a low addition level of MOLP and MLP can be used in laying hens to improve the steroid hormones synthesis-related gene expression which might improve the reproductive performance over the long term.
{"title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with mulberry and moringa leaves on the chicken reproductive performance","authors":"M. Shen, Tao Li, Jian Lu, Kehua Wang, L. Qu, Qirui Hou, Weiguo Zhao, Ping Wu","doi":"10.17221/166/2021-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/166/2021-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of dietary supplementation with moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and mulberry (Morus nigra L.) leaf powder on the clutch trait, reproductive organs, follicles, steroid hormones, and gene expressions of laying chickens were investigated during a 42-day experiment. Two hundred and ten Chinese local strain hens aged 37 weeks were randomly allocated to three groups, each group included five replicates, with 14 hens per replicate. The hens in the control group were fed with the basal diet, whereas those in the test groups were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 2.5% moringa leaf powder and 2.5% mulberry leaf powder (MOLP2.5+MLP2.5), 5% MOLP and 2.5% MLP (MOLP5+MLP2.5). The clutch traits (clutches, clutch length, delay days) were recorded during the trial. At the end of the experiment, the effect of the dietary supplementation with MOLP and MLP on the reproductive organs and tissues was estimated, and the gene expressions of ESR1, ESR2, CYP19A1 and STAR were analysed. Compared with the control group, the clutch performed worse in the treatment groups, however, the laying rate, reproductive organs and tissues in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group showed no significant difference. Though the oestrogen levels did not significantly increase, they were elevated in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group. Furthermore, it was identified that the expression levels of the ESR1 and CYP19A1 mRNA were significantly upregulated in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, a low addition level of MOLP and MLP can be used in laying hens to improve the steroid hormones synthesis-related gene expression which might improve the reproductive performance over the long term.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41967955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Anggraeni, A. Jayanegara, E. B. Laconi, N. Kumalasari, A. Sofyan
Chitosan is a hydrophilic polysaccharide produced from chitin that has a wide range of applications. Chitosan has several functions as an anti-microbial, methane reducer, and protein protective agent. Based on this function chitosan has been explored for its potential as a feed additive. Moreover, source and extraction technique have potentially affected the yield and degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan products. The present review provides information on various chitosan isolation processes in marine by-products and insects and the result of their DD and yield. Chemical isolation processes are still popular in industries compared with biological processes based on their DD and yield. Chitosan properties and yield from insects are comparable with those of commercial chitosan derived from a marine by-product. The application of chitosan as a feed additive is also highlighted in this review. Moreover, chitosan as a feed additive has the capability to decrease CH4 production, increase propionate production, reduce the acetate/propionate ratio, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and animal performance. Chitosan has the potential to be a beneficial natural and plentiful feed additive, particularly for reducing enteric methane emissions.
{"title":"Marine by-products and insects as a potential chitosan source for ruminant feed additives","authors":"A. Anggraeni, A. Jayanegara, E. B. Laconi, N. Kumalasari, A. Sofyan","doi":"10.17221/42/2022-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/42/2022-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan is a hydrophilic polysaccharide produced from chitin that has a wide range of applications. Chitosan has several functions as an anti-microbial, methane reducer, and protein protective agent. Based on this function chitosan has been explored for its potential as a feed additive. Moreover, source and extraction technique have potentially affected the yield and degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan products. The present review provides information on various chitosan isolation processes in marine by-products and insects and the result of their DD and yield. Chemical isolation processes are still popular in industries compared with biological processes based on their DD and yield. Chitosan properties and yield from insects are comparable with those of commercial chitosan derived from a marine by-product. The application of chitosan as a feed additive is also highlighted in this review. Moreover, chitosan as a feed additive has the capability to decrease CH4 production, increase propionate production, reduce the acetate/propionate ratio, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and animal performance. Chitosan has the potential to be a beneficial natural and plentiful feed additive, particularly for reducing enteric methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45569993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanli Du, Lin-Na Liu, Y. Liu, Kun Wang, Hongmei Shi, Yang He, Yingxiang Long, Dawei Sun, Hao Wu, Xiannian Zi, Xuzheng Li, Wei Huang, Ru Zhang, C. Ge
This study aimed to explore the underlying reasons for the differences in egg production in Chinese Chahua chickens. The Chahua chicken population was divided into two groups, namely a high-yielding group (H) and a low-yielding group (L). The egg-laying performance, ovarian morphology, histological characteristics, and serum hormone concentrations in the H and L groups were analysed. The results revealed that there were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the two groups for the age at the first egg and the number of eggs. The H group showed significantly more (P < 0.01) hierarchical follicles and small yellow follicles than the L group. While several secondary follicles and primary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the H group, only a few secondary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the L group. The serum concentrations of the follicle-stimulating hormone, the luteinising hormone, and oestradiol were significantly higher in the H group compared to that in the L group (P < 0.01). Next, we sequenced and analysed the ovarian expression profiles in the two groups using RNA-seq. The transcriptome sequencing revealed 875 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the H and L groups. Of the 875 DEGs, 624 were up-regulated, and 251 were down-regulated. The DEGs were mapped to 31 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 15 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for the ovarian tissue. The KEGG pathway analysis mainly revealed the involvement of focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the TGF-beta signalling pathway, while the GO analysis mainly showed involvement of the hormonal activity, extracellular matrix, and extracellular region. Our results showed that understanding the differences in the gene expressions between the ovarian tissues of high- and low-yielding hens may provide a useful reference for improving the egg-laying performance in Chahua chickens.
{"title":"Ovary transcriptome profiling in high- and low-yielding Chinese Chahua laying chickens","authors":"Yanli Du, Lin-Na Liu, Y. Liu, Kun Wang, Hongmei Shi, Yang He, Yingxiang Long, Dawei Sun, Hao Wu, Xiannian Zi, Xuzheng Li, Wei Huang, Ru Zhang, C. Ge","doi":"10.17221/31/2022-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/31/2022-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the underlying reasons for the differences in egg production in Chinese Chahua chickens. The Chahua chicken population was divided into two groups, namely a high-yielding group (H) and a low-yielding group (L). The egg-laying performance, ovarian morphology, histological characteristics, and serum hormone concentrations in the H and L groups were analysed. The results revealed that there were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the two groups for the age at the first egg and the number of eggs. The H group showed significantly more (P < 0.01) hierarchical follicles and small yellow follicles than the L group. While several secondary follicles and primary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the H group, only a few secondary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the L group. The serum concentrations of the follicle-stimulating hormone, the luteinising hormone, and oestradiol were significantly higher in the H group compared to that in the L group (P < 0.01). Next, we sequenced and analysed the ovarian expression profiles in the two groups using RNA-seq. The transcriptome sequencing revealed 875 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the H and L groups. Of the 875 DEGs, 624 were up-regulated, and 251 were down-regulated. The DEGs were mapped to 31 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 15 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for the ovarian tissue. The KEGG pathway analysis mainly revealed the involvement of focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the TGF-beta signalling pathway, while the GO analysis mainly showed involvement of the hormonal activity, extracellular matrix, and extracellular region. Our results showed that understanding the differences in the gene expressions between the ovarian tissues of high- and low-yielding hens may provide a useful reference for improving the egg-laying performance in Chahua chickens.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Huang, Chen Zhang, Luqiu Feng, Na Wang, Kai Wang, Zhenhui Song, L. Gan
Oxidative stress is associated with retarded growth and the initiation and progression of diseases in pigs. The carboxymethylation of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) can improve its antioxidant activity for such issues. Herein, an orthogonal experiment L9 (34) test design was used to optimise the preparation conditions of carboxymethyl (CM)-COS. Fourier-transform infrared analysis evidenced the carboxymethylation of COS, and an in vitro study indicated that the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of CM-COS is superior to that of COS. CM-COS can also better promote the absorption of cysteine and increase the expression of the amino acid transport system b0,+ in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. The results suggested that CM-COS can effectively resist oxidative damage by promoting cysteine absorption mediated by transport system b0,+, which provides important information regarding the antioxidative damage application of COS and CM-COS in the pig farming industry.
{"title":"Effect of carboxymethyl chito-oligosaccharide on cysteine absorption in intestinal porcine epithelial cells","authors":"H. Huang, Chen Zhang, Luqiu Feng, Na Wang, Kai Wang, Zhenhui Song, L. Gan","doi":"10.17221/138/2021-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/138/2021-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is associated with retarded growth and the initiation and progression of diseases in pigs. The carboxymethylation of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) can improve its antioxidant activity for such issues. Herein, an orthogonal experiment L9 (34) test design was used to optimise the preparation conditions of carboxymethyl (CM)-COS. Fourier-transform infrared analysis evidenced the carboxymethylation of COS, and an in vitro study indicated that the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of CM-COS is superior to that of COS. CM-COS can also better promote the absorption of cysteine and increase the expression of the amino acid transport system b0,+ in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. The results suggested that CM-COS can effectively resist oxidative damage by promoting cysteine absorption mediated by transport system b0,+, which provides important information regarding the antioxidative damage application of COS and CM-COS in the pig farming industry.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":"110 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41285470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the multiple-factor associative effects (AEs) of concentrate (C) to sunflower straw (SS) to alfalfa (A) ratios, concentrate to sunflower plate (SP) to alfalfa ratios, concentrate to sunflower seed shell (SSS) to alfalfa ratios at 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70, respectively, by using an in vitro gas production (GP) method. Thirty-three feed combinations and nine single feeds C, SS, A; C, SP, A; C, SSS, A were incubated respectively for 72 h in a GP tube. A total of 42 treatment combinations were tested, including 33 feed mix combinations [(5 + 6) × 3] and nine single raw materials, a total of 42 sample culture tubes. Each sample culture tube was repeated 20 times, totalling 840 (42 × 20) sample culture tubes. In this study, a total of 12 batches of in vitro culture tests were carried out. Seventy sample tubes and six blank tubes were cultured in each batch (eliminating systematic errors). A total of 912 sample culture tubes were used. The GP values of 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h were recorded. The GP parameters a, b, c, a + b were calculated by a single exponential equation. The AE values were calculated based on 72 h GP and weighted estimation value of 33 feed combinations. In the incubation fluid pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) after 72 h incubation were determined and dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) were measured in the residue. The single-factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiple-factor associative effects index were calculated. The results indicated that groups 40 : 45 : 15 (C:SS:A), 30 : 25 : 45 (C : SS : A), 40 : 60 : 0 (C : SP : A), 40 : 45 : 15 (C : SP : A), 30 : 40 : 30 (C : SP : A), 40 : 45 : 15 (C : SSS : A), 40 : 30 : 30 (C : SSS : A), 30 : 25 : 45 (C : SSS : A) and 30 : 10 : 60 (C : SSS : A) had higher a, b, GP72h, NH3–N, DMD, OMD, moreover, higher SFAEI (the AE of GP72h, NH3–N, total VFA, DMD and OMD) than other groups (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the optimal feed combinations occurred when concentrate/sunflower straw/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 45 : 15 and 30 : 25 : 45; concentrate/sunflower plate/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15 and 30 : 40 : 30; concentrate/sunflower seed shell/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45 and 30 : 10 : 60.
{"title":"The associative effects of sunflower straw, sunflower plate, sunflower seed shells associated with concentrate and alfalfa evaluated by using an in vitro gas production technique","authors":"Jiu Yuan, Xinjie Wan","doi":"10.17221/51/2022-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/51/2022-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the multiple-factor associative effects (AEs) of concentrate (C) to sunflower straw (SS) to alfalfa (A) ratios, concentrate to sunflower plate (SP) to alfalfa ratios, concentrate to sunflower seed shell (SSS) to alfalfa ratios at 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70, respectively, by using an in vitro gas production (GP) method. Thirty-three feed combinations and nine single feeds C, SS, A; C, SP, A; C, SSS, A were incubated respectively for 72 h in a GP tube. A total of 42 treatment combinations were tested, including 33 feed mix combinations [(5 + 6) × 3] and nine single raw materials, a total of 42 sample culture tubes. Each sample culture tube was repeated 20 times, totalling 840 (42 × 20) sample culture tubes. In this study, a total of 12 batches of in vitro culture tests were carried out. Seventy sample tubes and six blank tubes were cultured in each batch (eliminating systematic errors). A total of 912 sample culture tubes were used. The GP values of 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h were recorded. The GP parameters a, b, c, a + b were calculated by a single exponential equation. The AE values were calculated based on 72 h GP and weighted estimation value of 33 feed combinations. In the incubation fluid pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) after 72 h incubation were determined and dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) were measured in the residue. The single-factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiple-factor associative effects index were calculated. The results indicated that groups 40 : 45 : 15 (C:SS:A), 30 : 25 : 45 (C : SS : A), 40 : 60 : 0 (C : SP : A), 40 : 45 : 15 (C : SP : A), 30 : 40 : 30 (C : SP : A), 40 : 45 : 15 (C : SSS : A), 40 : 30 : 30 (C : SSS : A), 30 : 25 : 45 (C : SSS : A) and 30 : 10 : 60 (C : SSS : A) had higher a, b, GP72h, NH3–N, DMD, OMD, moreover, higher SFAEI (the AE of GP72h, NH3–N, total VFA, DMD and OMD) than other groups (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the optimal feed combinations occurred when concentrate/sunflower straw/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 45 : 15 and 30 : 25 : 45; concentrate/sunflower plate/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15 and 30 : 40 : 30; concentrate/sunflower seed shell/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45 and 30 : 10 : 60.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Wei, D. Abulahaiti, Chengye Tian, Yan Chen, S. Jiang, J. Lu, Guo-hua Zhang
Three hundred 21-day-old male Qingjiaoma broilers were randomly assigned to six groups to investigate the effect of dietary stems and leaves of Astragalus mongholicus (AMSLs), Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs), Lactobacillus (Lac) and their combinations on finishing broilers in a 42-day feeding experiment. Supplementary 1% AMSLs, 1 000 mg/kg APSs and 4.5 × 1010 CFU/kg Lac improved significantly growth performance. Dietary AMSLs, APSs and Lac increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and complements C3 and C4. Furthermore, AMSLs increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both serum and liver tissue. Compared with individual supplementation, the combination of Lac and AMSLs or APSs increased serum IgA, IgG, C3 and C4 concentrations. The combination of AMSLs and Lac increased serum GSH-Px activity and reduced the MDA content in the serum and liver tissue. These results suggested that AMSLs, APSs and Lac are beneficial feed additives, and the applications of combined Lac and AMSLs or APSs could synergistically improve immunity in broilers.
{"title":"Effects of dietary Astragalus mongholicus, Astragalus polysaccharides and Lactobacillus on growth performance, immunity and antioxidant status in Qingjiaoma finishing broilers","authors":"Fang Wei, D. Abulahaiti, Chengye Tian, Yan Chen, S. Jiang, J. Lu, Guo-hua Zhang","doi":"10.17221/12/2022-cjas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/12/2022-cjas","url":null,"abstract":"Three hundred 21-day-old male Qingjiaoma broilers were randomly assigned to six groups to investigate the effect of dietary stems and leaves of Astragalus mongholicus (AMSLs), Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs), Lactobacillus (Lac) and their combinations on finishing broilers in a 42-day feeding experiment. Supplementary 1% AMSLs, 1 000 mg/kg APSs and 4.5 × 1010 CFU/kg Lac improved significantly growth performance. Dietary AMSLs, APSs and Lac increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and complements C3 and C4. Furthermore, AMSLs increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both serum and liver tissue. Compared with individual supplementation, the combination of Lac and AMSLs or APSs increased serum IgA, IgG, C3 and C4 concentrations. The combination of AMSLs and Lac increased serum GSH-Px activity and reduced the MDA content in the serum and liver tissue. These results suggested that AMSLs, APSs and Lac are beneficial feed additives, and the applications of combined Lac and AMSLs or APSs could synergistically improve immunity in broilers.","PeriodicalId":10972,"journal":{"name":"Czech Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49631089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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