As an alternative to chemical surfactants, the biosurfactants obtained from plants are renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic and less expensive. In the present report, the aqueous extract prepared from the pericarps of soapnuts fruits is employed, which are known to exhibit a myriad of biological properties. The extract was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta analyzer for identifying the functional groups and surface charge, respectively. The extract showed abundance of saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids and negative charge of –8.9 mV. The free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of the extract were evaluated with DPPH scavenging and well diffusion assays. The DPPH scavenging (%) increased with an increase in extract concentration and showed a significant radical scavenging potential of 85.3% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. The extract didn’t show antibacterial action on Gram–negative bacteria at the selected concentrations. But, it demonstrated significant inhibitory action on Gram–positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus with inhibition zones of 4.0 mm and 12.5 mm at 43.75 mg of crude saponins, respectively. Thus, the green extract used in the present study finds its application as a natural, antibacterial and antioxidant biosurfactant in cosmetic and food industries, as a substitute to chemical surfactants.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extract of Soapnuts (Sapindus mukorossi)","authors":"Aruna Jyothi Kora","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.40","url":null,"abstract":"As an alternative to chemical surfactants, the biosurfactants obtained from plants are renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic and less expensive. In the present report, the aqueous extract prepared from the pericarps of soapnuts fruits is employed, which are known to exhibit a myriad of biological properties. The extract was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta analyzer for identifying the functional groups and surface charge, respectively. The extract showed abundance of saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids and negative charge of –8.9 mV. The free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of the extract were evaluated with DPPH scavenging and well diffusion assays. The DPPH scavenging (%) increased with an increase in extract concentration and showed a significant radical scavenging potential of 85.3% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. The extract didn’t show antibacterial action on Gram–negative bacteria at the selected concentrations. But, it demonstrated significant inhibitory action on Gram–positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus with inhibition zones of 4.0 mm and 12.5 mm at 43.75 mg of crude saponins, respectively. Thus, the green extract used in the present study finds its application as a natural, antibacterial and antioxidant biosurfactant in cosmetic and food industries, as a substitute to chemical surfactants.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Ankita, A. RaoGururaj, Rao Rao S.G.A, D. Debjani, A. RaoJyothsna
Traditional medicines or herbal medicinal compounds are being increasingly considered as useful complementary and alternative treatments for cancer. A large number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the beneficial effects of herbal medicines alone and in combination with conventional therapeutics. We developed a polyherbal formulation Swastharakshak® (SR033), exhibiting anti-tumorigenic property. Although, majorly 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) resulted in necrosis of HeLa cells, however in combination with SR033, the majority of cells underwent apoptosis with an increase of 30%, SR033 alone was considered as an experimental control. Moreover, 5FU and PTX resistance were reversed by SR033 with 2.5×103and 0.17×103 fold, respectively, in resistant HeLa-R cells. We observed a 2 fold decrease in free radicals when treated with SR033 as compared to untreated controls; however, 1.2 fold decrease was observed in SR033 + 5FU groups in comparison to 5FU alone.These results demonstrated that SR033 acts synergistically with 5FU, along with chemo-protective and 5FU resistance reversal property. Hence, SR033 is a potential herbal formulation that could be used effectively with 5FU as a combination therapy for cancer.
{"title":"The Implication of a Novel Herbal Formulation in Reversal of Drug-Resistance for Cancer Treatment","authors":"U. Ankita, A. RaoGururaj, Rao Rao S.G.A, D. Debjani, A. RaoJyothsna","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.44","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicines or herbal medicinal compounds are being increasingly considered as useful complementary and alternative treatments for cancer. A large number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the beneficial effects of herbal medicines alone and in combination with conventional therapeutics. We developed a polyherbal formulation Swastharakshak® (SR033), exhibiting anti-tumorigenic property. Although, majorly 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) resulted in necrosis of HeLa cells, however in combination with SR033, the majority of cells underwent apoptosis with an increase of 30%, SR033 alone was considered as an experimental control. Moreover, 5FU and PTX resistance were reversed by SR033 with 2.5×103and 0.17×103 fold, respectively, in resistant HeLa-R cells. We observed a 2 fold decrease in free radicals when treated with SR033 as compared to untreated controls; however, 1.2 fold decrease was observed in SR033 + 5FU groups in comparison to 5FU alone.These results demonstrated that SR033 acts synergistically with 5FU, along with chemo-protective and 5FU resistance reversal property. Hence, SR033 is a potential herbal formulation that could be used effectively with 5FU as a combination therapy for cancer.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate for the denovo synthesis of purines. DHFR is a well-established and classic drug target used in cancer therapy. Several drugs like Methotrexate (MTX), Trimethoprim, Pemetrexed, Pyrimethamine, etc. are known inhibitors of DHFR and presently used to treat cancer patients. Staphylococcus is a major human pathogen and the causative agent of numerous hospital and community-acquired infections. In the present investigation, DHFR of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB Id: 2W9G) was subjected to molecular docking to evaluate whether the anti-cancer drugs, MTX and Pemetrexed strongly bind to the former. The results of molecular docking indicated that MTX and Pemetrexed strongly interact with Staphylococcal DHFR with the binding energy of -8.3kcal/mol and -9.0kcal/mol respectively. To validate the in silicostudies, the antimicrobial property of MTX and pemetrexed was evaluated in clinical strains of S. arlettae and S.sciuriin vitro and the results indicated that MTX but not pemetrexed possessed antimicrobial activity. But the similar antimicrobial effect of the abovementioned drugs was not found in gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and E. coli (ATCC 25922). The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of MTX was found to be higher than 2mg/ml for both strains. Even though the MIC values of MTX are high, we propose that structural modification of MTX or its combination with conventional antibiotics may lead to the discovery of the new potential antimicrobial drug.
{"title":"Computational and Experimental Validation of Methotrexate as Staphylococcal - DHFR inhibitor","authors":"M. Mammen, Archana G. Mohanan, Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.41","url":null,"abstract":"Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate for the denovo synthesis of purines. DHFR is a well-established and classic drug target used in cancer therapy. Several drugs like Methotrexate (MTX), Trimethoprim, Pemetrexed, Pyrimethamine, etc. are known inhibitors of DHFR and presently used to treat cancer patients. Staphylococcus is a major human pathogen and the causative agent of numerous hospital and community-acquired infections. In the present investigation, DHFR of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB Id: 2W9G) was subjected to molecular docking to evaluate whether the anti-cancer drugs, MTX and Pemetrexed strongly bind to the former. The results of molecular docking indicated that MTX and Pemetrexed strongly interact with Staphylococcal DHFR with the binding energy of -8.3kcal/mol and -9.0kcal/mol respectively. To validate the in silicostudies, the antimicrobial property of MTX and pemetrexed was evaluated in clinical strains of S. arlettae and S.sciuriin vitro and the results indicated that MTX but not pemetrexed possessed antimicrobial activity. But the similar antimicrobial effect of the abovementioned drugs was not found in gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and E. coli (ATCC 25922). The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of MTX was found to be higher than 2mg/ml for both strains. Even though the MIC values of MTX are high, we propose that structural modification of MTX or its combination with conventional antibiotics may lead to the discovery of the new potential antimicrobial drug.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphological and Anatomical Characters of Rauwolfia serpentine Benth. ex Kruz.","authors":"M. K. Vyas","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"434-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47376090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of IoT and its Adoption in Smart Farming","authors":"Chavali L. N. Chavali, P. Kishore, P. Narayana","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cystic Fibrosis in Human - A Review","authors":"P. Patel","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"448-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babul Reddy G, K. Sukumar, G. Swarnabala Swarnabala G
Inulinase is an industrially applicable enzyme which is used widely in the production of ultra high fructose syrups and fructo-oligosaccharides. Production of inulinase enzyme in a cost effective manner is the major challenge faced. In the present research study, Trichoderma asperellum RSBR08 which has the capability to produce high exo-inulinase enzyme is produced by using the solid state fermentation. Process parameters for production of exo-inulinase by using solid state fermentation were optimized. Results showed high exo-inulinase production in garlic as substrate (199.2±6.3 U/gds), 45% moisture percentage (228.4±3.4), 26 o C temperature (219.1±5.8) and 5.0 pH (213.6±4.5). Effect of different metals viz. Mg 2+ ,Zn 2+ , K + ,Ca 2+ , Na + ,Mn 2+ and Hg 2+ were studied on the production of exo-inulinase enzyme in which Ca 2+ induced the enzyme production (196.3±5.6) whereas Hg 2+ has inhibited the inulinase production (37.0±3.3). Based on the above results, the solid substrate fermentation parameters optimized can be used industrially.
{"title":"Optimization of Process Parameters for High Yield Production of Exo-Inulinase from Trichoderma asperellum RSBR08 by Using Solid State Fermentation","authors":"Babul Reddy G, K. Sukumar, G. Swarnabala Swarnabala G","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"Inulinase is an industrially applicable enzyme which is used widely in the production of ultra high fructose syrups and fructo-oligosaccharides. Production of inulinase enzyme in a cost effective manner is the major challenge faced. In the present research study, Trichoderma asperellum RSBR08 which has the capability to produce high exo-inulinase enzyme is produced by using the solid state fermentation. Process parameters for production of exo-inulinase by using solid state fermentation were optimized. Results showed high exo-inulinase production in garlic as substrate (199.2±6.3 U/gds), 45% moisture percentage (228.4±3.4), 26 o C temperature (219.1±5.8) and 5.0 pH (213.6±4.5). Effect of different metals viz. Mg 2+ ,Zn 2+ , K + ,Ca 2+ , Na + ,Mn 2+ and Hg 2+ were studied on the production of exo-inulinase enzyme in which Ca 2+ induced the enzyme production (196.3±5.6) whereas Hg 2+ has inhibited the inulinase production (37.0±3.3). Based on the above results, the solid substrate fermentation parameters optimized can be used industrially.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47200749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neveen M. El-Metwally, R. Allam, M. Shafei, M. Amin, Yasser M Ragab, H. El-Refai, A. E. Khattab
In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate an efficient Polyhydroxybutyrate producing bacterium from soil. A total of 38 different types of bacteria were isolated, out of which 15 were found to be PHB positive, based on the viable colony staining method of screening using Nile red Dye. The isolate (6N) showed maximum PHB production of 0.17 g/L, and PHB produced was confirmedusing NMR.The most potent isolate (6N-NRC) was identified using 16S rRNA, and phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the strain 6N-NRC is a member of the genus Bacillus and is identified as Bacillus aryabhattai. The culture medium and growth parameters were optimized using one factor at a time, multifactorial experimental design (PlackettBurman and Box-Behnken) and utilization of Beet molasses as cheap and economic carbon source for maximum PHB production was done. Beet molasses (30 g/L) as the carbon and ammonium chloride (0.75 g/L) as the nitrogen source were found to be the best nutritional sources for maximum PHB production. Incubation time period 36h, pH of the medium at 8.0 and temperature of 300C were found to be optimum conditions for obtaining maximum PHB yield of 3.799 g/L.
{"title":"Optimization of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production by Locally Isolated Bacillus aryabhattai Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Neveen M. El-Metwally, R. Allam, M. Shafei, M. Amin, Yasser M Ragab, H. El-Refai, A. E. Khattab","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate an efficient Polyhydroxybutyrate producing bacterium from soil. A total of 38 different types of bacteria were isolated, out of which 15 were found to be PHB positive, based on the viable colony staining method of screening using Nile red Dye. The isolate (6N) showed maximum PHB production of 0.17 g/L, and PHB produced was confirmedusing NMR.The most potent isolate (6N-NRC) was identified using 16S rRNA, and phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the strain 6N-NRC is a member of the genus Bacillus and is identified as Bacillus aryabhattai. The culture medium and growth parameters were optimized using one factor at a time, multifactorial experimental design (PlackettBurman and Box-Behnken) and utilization of Beet molasses as cheap and economic carbon source for maximum PHB production was done. Beet molasses (30 g/L) as the carbon and ammonium chloride (0.75 g/L) as the nitrogen source were found to be the best nutritional sources for maximum PHB production. Incubation time period 36h, pH of the medium at 8.0 and temperature of 300C were found to be optimum conditions for obtaining maximum PHB yield of 3.799 g/L.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45545435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saffron adulteration dates back to antiquity a fraudulent act continued to modern day. In recent years the wide use of saffron in medicine and food has been associated with wider use of counterfeit to saffron, nevertheless this has been associated with development of methods to detect such adulteration. The advancement of molecular biology methods has been one of key area used for detection of adulterants. The concept by its own is diverse and different approaches for better detection of adulterant has been developed to support detection of fraudulent activities in particular in food and agriculture industry. To develop primers for detection of saffron adulteration with safflower we designed primer pairs based on universal reference sequence for chloroplast trnl(UUA) Intron that are different in length and size for saffron and sawfflower. The approach was to save tedious work using otherwise RAPD /SCAR (sequenced characterized amplified region)markers to have accurate reproducible results with least interference and higher level of polymorphism of particular and specific conserved region in plants.
{"title":"A New Approach for Tracing Adulteration of Saffron with Safflower by Universal Barcoding Primers","authors":"J. Goodarzi, F. Mokhtari, F. Hosseini","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.38","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron adulteration dates back to antiquity a fraudulent act continued to modern day. In recent years the wide use of saffron in medicine and food has been associated with wider use of counterfeit to saffron, nevertheless this has been associated with development of methods to detect such adulteration. The advancement of molecular biology methods has been one of key area used for detection of adulterants. The concept by its own is diverse and different approaches for better detection of adulterant has been developed to support detection of fraudulent activities in particular in food and agriculture industry. To develop primers for detection of saffron adulteration with safflower we designed primer pairs based on universal reference sequence for chloroplast trnl(UUA) Intron that are different in length and size for saffron and sawfflower. The approach was to save tedious work using otherwise RAPD /SCAR (sequenced characterized amplified region)markers to have accurate reproducible results with least interference and higher level of polymorphism of particular and specific conserved region in plants.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EmeryDreifuss muscular dystrophy affects muscles such as Skeletal muscles, Cardiac muscles which is named after Eglin H. Emery and Fritz EmeryDreifuss. Here we are going to demonstrate Autologous Stem cell transplantation done in our hospital to treat this dystrophy and discuss about post transplantation follow up out come
{"title":"Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation to Treat Emery- Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy","authors":"Vijay Rajesh Andanamala, N. Sankar","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.4.43","url":null,"abstract":"EmeryDreifuss muscular dystrophy affects muscles such as Skeletal muscles, Cardiac muscles which is named after Eglin H. Emery and Fritz EmeryDreifuss. Here we are going to demonstrate Autologous Stem cell transplantation done in our hospital to treat this dystrophy and discuss about post transplantation follow up out come","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47172218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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