Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Variability in seed mineral composition of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) landraces and released cultivars","authors":"Gurulakshmi Kola, P. C. O. Reddy, Sameena Shaik, Mallikarjuna Gunti, Ramesh Palakurthi, Talwar H.S. Talwar, A. C. Sekhar","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2020.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2020.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) belongs to poaceae and an important research model plant to explore nutritional pathways. The present study represents a comprehensive micronutrient report of twenty landraces, four released cultivars, and their genetic variability in micronutrient content. FT-IR analysis recorded various absorption peaks at different wavelenths coressponding to certain chemical compounds and functional groups such as carbohydrates, alkenes, proteins, sulfur compounds, amines and lipids, etc, indicate that all the studied genotypes endowed with carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The ICP-OES analysis revealed a wide range of variation in micronutrient concentrations across the studied genotypes i.e Iron (3.69 to 7.51mg/100g), Zinc (4.54 to 5.71 mg/100g), Calcium (13.13 to 39.58 mg/100g), Potassium (219.43 to 349.47 mg/ 100g), Copper (0.60 to1.09 mg/100g), Manganese (1.05 to 1.64 mg/100g). The PCA and cluster analaysis highlight a wide range of genetic variability among the genotypes. Further, these genotypes were clustered into six variables based on the micronutrient content. In overall performance of landraces better than released cultivars in terms of micronutrient content. Landraces like S1G4, S1G2; and relesed varity Narasimharaya recorded higher quatities of micronutrient compared to other genotypes studied. These genotypes would be useful to fish out the genes responsible for higher micronutrient occumulation and also as parental lines in breeding progrmmes to develop enhanced micronutrient genotypes. Introduction Plant-based foods contribute an array of nutrients that are essential for the day-to-day needs of human beings and they endorse good health. Humans require at least twenty-two micro and macro elements for their proper health, growth, and development (50). However, global estimates suggest that, over 60% of the people suffering from iron (Fe), 30% zinc (Zn), 30% iodine (I) and 15% selenium (Se) deficiencies. In addition to them, calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) deficiencies are common in many of the developed and developing countries (40). Malnourishment is a global issue; especially developing countries from Asia and Africa facing severe micronutrient deficiencies in their dietary food (19, 42). The health and diet are codependent; the physiological functions of the human body are influenced by food components (29). Even though the requirements of micronutrients are minimal, they play a crucial role in proper growth and development. The deficiencies of micronutrients cause severe health complications such as physical and mental Variability in seed mineral composition of foxtail millet Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 14 (3) 239-255, July 2020, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2020.3.25 240 Gurulakshmi et al retardation, blindness, gastrointestinal health complications, reduced immunity, etc. (9). Newborn babies and pregnant women of India severely affect","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin pretreatment improves mitochondrial enzymes and angiotensin converting enzymes in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats","authors":"V. Ramanathan, Swarnalatha Gv Swarnalatha, M. Manimegalai, A. Amalraj, S. Rajagopal","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2020.3.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2020.3.34","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is one among the important factors that causes cardiovascular disorders. Nùnitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induces hypertension by blocking nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Aim of present study was to investigate the effects of chrysin is one of major flavnoids, on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Induces hypertension in adult male wistar rats weighing 180-220 g by oral treated of L-NAME (40 mg/kg/ day) dissolved in drinking water daily for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were oral treated with chrysin (25 mg/kg b.w). Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of control and experimental rats were measured by tail cuff plethysmography system. In our studies results showed an increase in the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart, liver, kidney, body weight, plasma, and aortic Angiotension converting enzymes (ACE), Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl-) levels in LNAME treated rats. At the same time in L-NAME treated rats, there was a decrease in the levels of potassium (K+), Plasma and heartaortic nitrite/ nitrate level, mitochondrial enzymes in liver such as Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), áketoglutarate dehydrogenase (á-KGDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Chrysin treatment prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the L-NAME-treated rats. Blood pressure (BP) reduction was interrelated with a reduction in Na+, Cl-, ACE activity and increased K+, plasma and heart, aortic nitrite/nitrate levels. In contrast, L-NAME had opposite effects on mitochondrial liver enzymes, electrolytes, ACE and NO by treatment of chrysin. Hence, the present findings might suggest that chrysin improve the balance between circulating nitric oxide and rennin-angiotensin system and beneficial effects on cardiovascular tissue through its ACE inhibitor activity.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"327-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of free radical scavenging activities and antioxidative potential of the tuber extracts of Stemona tuberosa Lour.","authors":"Lalmuansangi C. Lalmuansangi, Marina Lalremruati, Zothansiama Zothansiama Z","doi":"10.5530/CTBP.2020.3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/CTBP.2020.3.36","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging activities and antioxidative potential of the tuber extracts of Stemona tuberosa (ST). The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids from various solvent extracts of ST. The methanolic extract of ST showed the highest phenolic (715.20 ± 2.42 mg GAE/g dry extract) and flavonoid (3864.25 ± 7.54 mg quercetin/g dry extract) contents. S. tuberosa extracts were analyzed for their scavenging activities based on 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’-azino-bis-(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and superoxide anions (O2 ·-) in a cell free system. Different extracts of ST inhibited the generation of DPPH, ABTS and O2 in a concentration dependent manner. Among the various extracts of ST, the methanolic extract showed the highest scavenging activities for ABTS and O2 ·with IC50 of 36.20 ± 0.832 μg/ml and 98.93 ± 3.37 μg/ml respectively. The scavenging activity of methanolic extract for ABTS and O2 ·was significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid. However, chloroform extract was found to possess the highest scavenging activity for DPPH with IC50 of 7.36 ± 0.081 μg/ml. The total reducing power of ST extracts was also determined by measuring the transformation of Fe3+ into Fe2+ and the methanolic extract was found to exhibit the highest reducing power. The extracts were also analyzed for their anti-haemolytic activity and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in an ex vivo condition using mice erythrocyte and liver, respectively. The antihaemolytic activity of ST extracts also increased with the increase in concentration of the extract. Chloroform extract was found to possess the highest anti-haemolytic activity with 68.81 % inhibition followed by methanolic extract (38.57 %) and aqueous extract (20.81 %). Methanolic extract showed the highest inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation (80.5 %) followed by chloroform extract (67.8 %) and then aqueous extract (62.63 %). Our study suggests that ST extracts have free radical scavenging and antioxidative potential, probably due to their high phenolic and flavonoid contents.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"347-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico analysis and homology modelling of antioxidant proteins present in Pisum sativum","authors":"Devvret Verma, Neema Tufchi, Kumud Pant, A. Thapliyal","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"In-silico analysis and homology modelling of Antioxidant Proteins Abstract Garden Peas are edible seeds that have an essential nutrient required for human diet. Peas contain phytochemicals that shows antioxidant activities. A computational approach was adopted to analyse the characteristic properties and structure of the Peas antioxidant proteins. Superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase, phospholipid hydroperoxide g lutathione p eroxidase-like p rotein (PHGPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are the antioxidant proteins which have been used in this study. Physiochemical properties such as isoelectric point, molecular weight, aliphatic index etc. were analysed by using the Expasy’s Prot Param server. Secondary structure of these proteins was analysed to study the functional characteristic of the protein. The crystal structure of the ascorbate peroxidase was available, but the crystal structures of other proteins were not available in any of the protein structure database. Hence the threedimensional structures of these proteins were generated using Swiss Modeller and Geno3D followed by validation through SAVES server. This analysis will provide additional help for the analysis of crystal structure for further experimentation.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43328278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of biodiesel from chicken waste using egg shell as catalyst","authors":"G. AnushaAnusha, J. Sumathy","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of biodiesel from chicken waste using egg shell as catalyst","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42196991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparitive study on levels of sirt 1 and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic and diabetic nephropathic patients - A case control study","authors":"S. Haripriya, Kedari Kedari Gsr","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"A comparitive of sirt 1 and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic and diabetic nephropathic patients Abstract Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Its morphologicc haracteristics include glomerular hypertrophy, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and arteriolar thickening. All of these are part and parcel of micro vascular complications of diabetes. Previous study evidences indicates that oxidative stress is the common denominator link for the major pathways involved in the development and progression of diabetic microas well as macro vascular complications of diabetes. SIRT1 deacetylates target proteins using the coenzyme NAD+ and is therefore linked to cellular energy metabolism and the redox state through multiple signalling and survival pathways. SIRT1 deficiency under various stress conditions, such as metabolic or oxidative stress or hypoxia, is implicated in the pathophysiologies of agerelated diseases including diabetes, cardio vascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and renal diseases.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"174-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma : A Review","authors":"S. Thakur, N. Srivastava, D. Patle","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and resulting changes in the optic nerve head. It is usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) above the normal value—usually estimated at 21 mm Hg. Loss of ganglion cells is related to the level of intraocular pressure, but other factors may also play a role. Reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to treat the disease. Although treatment is usually initiated with ocular hypotensive drops, laser trabeculoplasty and surgery may also be used to slow disease progression. Introduction Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness throughout the world. In India glaucoma constitute 2% of total blindness (1). Moreover, the management of glaucoma has an enormous impact in our society in terms of patient’s morbidity, loss of productivity, number of ophthalmic consultations and health costs, as these patients may have to continue the therapy for the whole life. However, new glaucoma medications have increased efficacy, reduced dosing frequency and improved side effect profiles; but there is need for comparing the cost of new glaucoma medication with the traditional one (2). Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which the optic nerve is damaged with typical loss of nerve fibers and increasing cupping of the optic disc, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. The nerve damage involves loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. There are many different sub-types of glaucoma but they can all be considered a type of optic neuropathy. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (3). Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness. Glaucoma has been nicknamed the “sneak robber of sight” because the loss of vision normally occurs gradually over a long period of time and is often only recognized when the disease is quite advanced. Once lost, this damaged visual field cannot be recovered. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and affects approx 66 million people in the world. In some countries, e.g. United States of America were approximately 100000 people are totally blind and approx 300000 are blind in one eye from glaucoma, it is the leading cause of blindness. Glaucoma affects 1 in 200 people aged fifty and younger, and 1 in 10 over the age of eighty (4, 5 & 6). Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The World Health Organization estimated that in 2010 glaucoma accounted for 2% of visual impairment and 8% of global blindness. Disability adjusted life years Glaucoma : A Review *Seema","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45922885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes and sub-genotypes in north and east regions of India: DNA sequencing methodology","authors":"J. Kandpal, Rishendra Kumar, Kailash Chandra, S. Pandey, T. S. Bisht","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes and sub-genotypes in India Abstract Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly prevalent infecting virus among liver-related diseases. The genetic distribution and identification of HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes represented a challenge to control the spread of infection. To find out molecular prevalence, the present methodology was carried out for the distribution pattern of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in north and east regions of India. Methods:A total of 67 HBV DNA positive subjects were studied. At first, the DNA samples for HBV positive cases were screened by Real-time PCR, and then the selected region of HBV polymerase gene was amplified for the sequence analysis to determine genotypes and sub-genotypes. Results:The prevalent genotype found was the genotype D (62.68 %), followed by genotype A (29.85 %), and genotype C (7.46 %). Subgenotype C1 was identified in the east region only. The frequency of sub-genotype A1 was higher in the north region (n = 13, 30.95 %) followed by east region (n = 7, 28 %). HBV sub-genotype D1 was found to be predominant in 15 (35.71 %) subjects followed by sub-genotypes D2 in 10 (23.80 %) subjects from the north region. HBV sub-genotype D2 was found to be predominant in 8 (32 %) subjects from the east region. Conclusions:In conclusion, the method clearly demonstrates the high prevalence of subgenotypes D1, D2, A1 in this region. Also, the identification of the sub-genotype C1 in the east region emphasizes the high transmission infection risk and transmission route towards other regions of India.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of terbutaline sulphate immediate release tablets prepared by fluidized bed granulation technology","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya, M. Rb","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Materials and methods:The process of granulation by fluidized bed granulation technology was used to prepare eight formulations (F1-F8) using various concentrations of binders PVP K30, PVP K-90 and disintegrants microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate.The granules were evaluated for preformulation parameters like bulk density, tapped density, Carr ’s compressibility index, and hausner ratio, angle of repose, loss on drying, and sieve analysis. The compressed tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters like thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, disintegration, drug content, content uniformity and dissolution. The stability studies were performed for a period of 3 months at 30oC/75%RH & 40oC/75%RH.","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of piperine in polyherbal and marketed formulation by HPTLC and GC-MS methods","authors":"G. Reena, G. Jitendra","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45681742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}