Dental Research Journal最新文献

Background: Due to a lack of manual dexterity, impaired cognitive and general development, and awareness of caregivers, special children are not able to maintain good oral health. This leads to the development of dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and further periodontal diseases. It is, thus, necessary for dentists and caregivers to understand which of oral hygiene aids can be best suited for a child with special healthcare needs. The aim of this review is to evaluate the most efficacious oral healthcare aids in children and adolescents with special healthcare needs.

Materials and methods: Systematic search was conducted in databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest for studies published from January 1, 2000, till December 31, 2023. Randomized trials conducted among children and adolescents with special healthcare needs below 18 years using oral hygiene aids to reduce plaque were included in this review.

Results: A total of 23 articles satisfying eligibility criteria were included in the systematic review and 11 articles for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was divided into two parts. Novel toothbrushes were more effective than manual toothbrushes with P = 0.01 (SMD: Standard Mean Difference) 95% confidence interval: -4.23 (-7.62, -0.85), I ² = 99.63%). In chemical oral hygiene aids, chlorhexidine (CHX) spray at concentration of 0.12% was found to be more effective than placebo to control plaque and was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that novel mechanical oral hygiene aids used with CHX spray as an adjunct can be best suited for children and adolescents with special healthcare needs to control plaque.

Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a complex group of malignant neoplasms arising in PA. When microscopic features of the neoplastic cells are representative of carcinoma, the pathologist can easily make a definite diagnosis, but when worrisome morphology is replaced by metastatic behavior, the metastasizing PA (MPA) is a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist. Here, we present an unusual MPA to cervical lymph nodes and discuss diagnostic challenges.

Background: Oral health plays a crucial role in maintaining the general health of an individual. Parkinson disease (PD) has known to disrupt the oral functions. Prosthetic rehabilitation can be done in these patients. However, there is scarcity of literature to assess the effectiveness or impact of rehabilitation with prosthesis either fixed or removable on various oral functions and quality of life (QoL) or satisfaction of PD patients. The purpose of this systematic study was to assess the effectiveness of prosthodontic rehabilitation in patients with PD.

Materials and methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed and CINAHL database for the articles till 2024 in English language. An exploration of gray literature was also included through Google Scholar. Manual search in the references of the selected articles was also done for relevant articles. The methodological quality assessment of cohort studies was done using Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment form for Cohort Studies (NOS). Assessment of cross-sectional studies was done using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (tool) and aassessment of case series was done using JBI critical appraisal tool for case series.

Results: A total of 6 articles were selected from PubMed, 1 from CINAHL, and 2 from Google Scholar. Four articles studied the masticatory efficiency. Oral perception and motor ability were analyzed in two articles. Oral Health QoL was assessed in four articles. One article studied the electromyographic activity.

Conclusion: Based on this systematic review, it can be suggested that prosthetic rehabilitation using fixed or removable prosthesis offer potential benefits in PD patients improving the oral functions and QoL. However, there is a dearth of long-term research on evaluation of impact of prosthetic rehabilitation in improving the oral function and QoL of PD patients.PROSPERO Registration: CRD42024570296.

Background: The extent of surgery in cases of parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) remains challenging. This study aims to evaluate the importance of surgical margins in ensuring safe surgery for patients with PA.

Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the risk of local recurrence based on surgical margins in patients with parotid PA who underwent superficial or total parotidectomy between May 2019 and November 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients were followed for at least 2 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed with the independent t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Fifty-seven cases were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, with 37 of 57 (64.9%) patients being female. Of these, 35 of 57 (61.4%) underwent superficial parotidectomy. All tumors were resected with negative margins, with an average safe margin of 0.58 cm (range: 0-3.7 cm). The greatest margin was found at the anterior side (average: 0.76 cm), whereas the smallest margin was at the vertical side (average: 0.39 cm). Postoperative radiotherapy was not administered to patients with close surgical margins. No recurrence was observed after a 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion: In the surgical resection of parotid PA, negative margins are sufficient, and there is no need to obtain additional safe margins to reduce the risk of recurrence. Therefore, extracapsular dissection (which carries higher morbidities) can be replaced by superficial parotidectomy with negative margins (which carries lower morbidities).

Background: There is an increasing desire for teeth bleching after orthodontic treatment. Therefor, this study aims to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide 15% and thermocycling on the compressive strength of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) thermoplastic retainer material.

Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, forty samples of PETG material were thermoformed over a plastic template (10 mm × 8 mm × 2 mm). The samples were divided into four groups, with ten samples in each group. Group I served as the control, Group II was exposed to carbamide peroxide 15% (5 h daily for 14 days), Group III underwent thermocycling (5000 times), and Group IV underwent thermocycling (5000 times) followed by exposure to carbamide peroxide 15% (5 h daily for 14 days). The compressive strength of the groups was then evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests for statistical analysis. The significance level was set to 0.05.

Results: The analysis showed a significant difference among the four groups. The compressive strength of all groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Group II exhibited a significant decrease compared to Group III (P = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between Group II and Group IV (P = 0.191). In addition, there was no significant difference observed between Group III and Group IV (P = 0.308). Group II had the lowest compressive strength (163.9 Mpa).

Conclusion: It is not recommended to use a thermoplastic retainer as a bleaching tray during the initial phase of retention. However, since there were no further harmful effects of bleaching agents observed after thermocycling, it is possible to recommend the use of a thermoplastic retainer as a bleaching tray toward the end of the retention phase.

Background: During tooth preparation, the clinician may face a hard remineralized enamel surrounding the cavity with unknown effects on the enamel bond strength. This study aims to assess the effect of remineralizing pretreatments with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) or CPP-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) on the bond strength of composite resin and sound or demineralized enamel.

Materials and methods: This study employed an in vitro experimental factorial design. A total of 144 enamel surfaces were prepared and randomly divided into 12 groups (G1-G12). The surfaces of G7-12 were demineralized to create a lesion (L), while G1-6 were assigned to the sound (S) enamel group. The three pretreatment protocols were CPP-ACFP, CPP-ACP, or no pretreatment for a 10-day pH-cycling period. A composite rod was bonded to the surfaces using a self-etch or total-etch bonding system. Shear force was applied, and the bond strengths of the specimens were measured. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by pairwise comparisons using Dunn's test. The significance level for all tests was set at 0.05.

Results: The sound (S) groups (33.81 ± 8.48) showed a significantly higher bond strength than the lesion (L) groups (25.77 ± 6.69). Among the pretreatments, CPP-ACFP-pretreated groups had the highest bond strength (33.86 ± 8.87). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between CPP-ACFP-treated demineralized enamel and control demineralized enamel in both bonding systems (P = 0.019 and P = 0.025 for Clearfil SE and Optibond FL, respectively).

Conclusion: Pretreatment of demineralized enamel with CPP-ACFP before using total-etch and self-etch systems results in a bond strength comparable to that of sound enamel, making it clinically acceptable.

Background: Peri-implantitis is implant-associated inflammation that leads to irreversible loss of surrounding bone. Early diagnosis increases the success of peri-implantitis treatment. Despite various studies associated with this most common complication, early detection of the onset of peri-implantitis remains a major challenge. Molecular biomarkers are applicable detectors for the early detection of numerous diseases and monitoring their development. The present study aimed to predict interactome networks of up/down regulated proteins and analyze drug-gene interaction in peri-implantitis to identify the diagnostic and druggable genes.

Materials and methods: In this in silico study, a suitable gene expression profile related to peri-implantitis was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus. Screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was carried out based on the cut-off criteria |log2 (fold change)|>2 and P < 0.05. Interactome networks were constructed and analyzed by the STRING database (Version: 12.0) and the Cytoscape software (version: 3.9.1). Finally, to investigate drug-gene interaction, detected hub genes were analyzed by DGIdb (version: 5.0.6).

Results: A total of 216 genes were identified as DEGs (129 down-regulated and 87 up-regulated genes) in peri-implantitis. Regarding Cytoscape analysis, FCGR3B, CSF3R, AQP9, TREM1, and P2RY13 were the top 5 hub nodes of up-regulated DEGs, and CXCL10, OASL, IFIT1, RSAD2, and ISG15 were the top 5 hub nodes of down-regulated DEGs. Among these key nods, AQP9, CSF3R, CXCL10, IFIT1, ISG15, OASL, and, FCGR3B were therapeutic targets and had approved drugs.

Conclusion: In this research, seven genes have been identified as druggable genes in peri-implantitis which can be used to treat and diagnose this disease. However, these results and identified genes need to be validated by clinical or experimental methods.

Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm with a high recurrence rate. Identifying cellular and molecular changes in this neoplasm may help predict the recurrence risk. Bcl-2 and galectin-3 are anti-apoptotic proteins associated with the prognosis of many neoplasms. However, there are a few studies focusing on the association between these two markers and recurrence of ameloblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the association of Bcl-2 plus galectin-3 expression and recurrence of ameloblastoma.

Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was designed on 48 paraffin-embedded blocks diagnosed as ameloblastoma from 1998 to 2019. We retrieved follow-up data from patients' records and used immunohistochemical staining for Bcl-2 and galectin-3 antibodies. Then, we analyzed their association with recurrence using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test as well as recurrence-free survival using Kaplan-Meier curves and linear Cox regression. The level of statistical significance was P < 0.05.

Results: Twenty-six patients had experienced the recurrence. The mean follow-up time was 93.53 months. There was a significant association between Bcl-2 plus cytoplasmic galectin-3 staining and recurrence (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, in univariate analysis, high expression of Bcl-2 was associated with less recurrence-free survival (log-rank: P = 0.020-univariable Cox: P = 0.033), but in multiple Cox regression, there was no significant association (P = 0.471). High cytoplasmic galectin-3 expression was also associated with less recurrence-free survival (log-rank: P = 0.007-univariable Cox: P = 0.015-multiple Cox: P = 0.044). Furthermore, we found a correlation between Bcl-2 and cytoplasmic galectin-3 staining (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: It seems that Bcl-2 and cytoplasmic galectin-3 staining might predict the risk of ameloblastoma recurrence. However, only the cytoplasmic galectin-3 staining might be an independent predictor of ameloblastoma recurrence, and we recommend further studies.

Background: Head-and-neck radiotherapy can change oral Candida species and lead to the development of refractory oral candidiasis resistant to the commonly prescribed antifungal medications such as fluconazole. Atorvastatin exerts an antifungal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of fungal wall ergosterol and impairing mitochondrial function. This study aimed to compare the antifungal effects of fluconazole and atorvastatin on Candida species isolated from patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy.

Materials and methods: In this clinical in vitro study, swab samples were collected from 33 patients admitted to Isfahan Seyed-O-Shohada Hospital before the onset and 2 weeks after the initiation of radiotherapy. The antifungal effects of fluconazole and atorvastatin were evaluated by the microdilution test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards, and measuring their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test and the statistical significance level was considered P < 0.05.

Results: The results showed that the MIC24, MIC48, and MFC of fluconazole were significantly lower than those of atorvastatin for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata both before (P < 0.001 for all) and during (P < 0.001 to P = 0.003) radiotherapy.

Conclusion: According to the results, fluconazole has antifungal effects comparable to those of atorvastatin, but in much lower doses. Atorvastatin showed optimal antifungal effects but in doses beyond the clinically applicable threshold.

Background: There is ample evidence showing the development of nystatin-resistant strains in patients undergoing malignancy treatment. Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal drug that combines with ergosterol to cause cell death and is more effective on fungal species than routine antifungals such as nystatin. This study aimed to compare the effect of nystatin and amphotericin B on fungal species isolated from patients before and during head-and-neck radiotherapy.

Materials and methods: This in vitro experimental study was performed on samples isolated from patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy before and during radiotherapy at Sayed al-Shohada Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Antifungal effects were determined by the microdilution method based on clinical and laboratory standards institute standards and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum lethal concentration (MFC), drug sensitivity, and resistance were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 (level of significance: 0.05).

Results: Before radiotherapy, all albicans strains were sensitive to nystatin, whereas 71.4% were sensitive to amphotericin B. After radiotherapy, Candida albicans strains were 100% sensitive to nystatin and 75% sensitive to amphotericin B.

Conclusion: The present study showed that before radiotherapy, all species isolated from patients, including C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata, were sensitive to nystatin, whereas a percentage of albicans species showed resistance to amphotericin B. In the 2^nd week of radiotherapy, the same as before radiotherapy, all species isolated from patients were sensitive to nystatin, whereas a percentage of albicans species showed resistance to amphotericin B. In general, the current study showed that before and after radiotherapy, the antifungal effect of nystatin is greater than amphotericin B.