Dental Research Journal最新文献

Zirconia abutments can enhance esthetics by providing a natural appearance due to their semitranslucency. Evidence for final outcomes of using zirconia abutments compared to other available materials are diverse. This study aims to review all available evidence from previous reviews to compare zirconia and titanium abutments regarding biological, mechanical, and esthetics indices and survival. An electronic search was conducted on six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Cochrane) for systematic reviews/meta-analyses published until 2023. The relevant data were extracted and reviewed from the selected studies. Fourteen articles were included following a systematic application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies evaluated various factors, including soft tissue recession, width of keratinized mucosa, papilla index, plaque accumulation, Copenhagen Index Score, Implant Crown Aesthetic Index, gingival discoloration, pocket probing depth, marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing, Pink Esthetic Score, White Esthetic Score, survival rate, and patient's satisfaction. Zirconia abutments showed better or similar effects than titanium in biological, esthetic, and mechanical factors and survival.

Background: Studying pathology is not a fascinating subject for many students. Today, novel educational methods have received attention worldwide. This study aimed to design an oral and maxillofacial pathology learning application and evaluate its effectiveness on dental students' knowledge of the Isfahan dental faculty.

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, after designing a web application, including an oral pathology context (PathoGAME), its effectiveness on 112 junior dental students' knowledge was investigated in 2022. After introducing the application, students were motivated to use the app for learning oral pathology. They were then examined in the midterm and final examinations. Subsequently, their scores on the questions related to the application's contents were compared with the scores of other questions. Finally, students' satisfaction with the application was evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and paired t-tests, Pearson's tests, and analysis of variance.

Results: In the midterm examination, there was no significant difference between the mean score of questions related or unrelated to the application's content among those who had used the application. Furthermore, the mean scores of the related questions for the application users and those who did not, were not significantly different (P = 0.5). However, on the final examination, the mean score for questions related to the application was significantly greater for students who used the application than for those who did not (P = 0.03).

Conclusion: Overall, novel educational methods, such as this application, were beneficial for improving students' understanding of pathology. The users' satisfaction was high in utilizing this application, indicating the application's success and confirming its feasibility.

Background: Immediate loading (IL) offers patients the advantage of reduced treatment time by immediate prosthesis placement or 48 h after implantation. Non-IL (NIL), on the other hand, involves a recovery period to allow osseointegration. Both methods are widely used, but their long-term effectiveness remains controversial. This study provides an umbrella review of long-term clinical outcomes of immediate and NIL protocols in single-implant restorations. This review combines and analyzes the findings of several systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate implant survival rate, bone stability, peri-implant soft-tissue health, and complications associated with each approach.

Materials and methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the past two decades were evaluated, and studies comparing immediate and NIL protocols with follow-up periods of at least 6 months were included in this comprehensive review. Using key terms such as "immediate loading" OR "nonimmediate loading" OR "delay loading" AND "single-implant restoration" * " OR "tooth implant*" OR "Dental Implant*," valid national and international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched to achieve the objectives of the study. After screening the retrieved studies, information about the implant survival rate, marginal bone loss, peri-implant soft tissue health, and prosthetic complications were extracted.

Results: Immediate and NIL protocols showed a high long-term implant survival rate, varying between 92% and 98%. IL showed a slightly higher rate of marginal bone loss than NIL, especially in the 1^st year after implant placement. However, peri-implant soft tissue health and overall patient satisfaction were similar in both protocols. Moreover, IL can be equally successful in cases where high initial implant stability is achieved. Yet, NIL remains the preferred choice in patients with compromised bone quality or high-risk conditions.

Conclusion: Our research demonstrates that both immediate and NIL protocols offer high long-term implant survival rates (92% to 98%). While IL shows a slightly higher rate of marginal bone loss, particularly in the 1^st year, it remains a viable option in cases with high initial implant stability. Peri-implant soft-tissue health and patient satisfaction were similar for both protocols. NIL continues to be the preferred approach for patients with compromised bone quality or high-risk conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of individualizing treatment plans based on implant stability and patient-specific factors to optimize outcomes in single-implant restorations.

Background: Accurate and early diagnosis of dysplastic lesions is crucial for successful treatment. A decrease in E-cadherin expression has been observed in dysplastic lesions and tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of E-cadherin, a cell membrane adhesive protein involved in tissue structure and differentiation, in oral reticular lichen planus, erosive lichen planus, and lichenoid lesions.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 oral samples (20 reticular lichen planus, 20 erosive lichen planus, and 20 lichenoid lesions, with 5 samples of healthy mucosa), to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin using immunohistochemical methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25), descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests, with a significance threshold set at P < 0.05.

Results: The majority of patients were female (72.3%) and primarily in the sixth and seventh decades of life (49.2%). A significant difference was observed between the studied groups regarding staining status (P = 0.038), with erosive lichen planus showing the highest frequency of alterations in E-cadherin expression (45%). In addition, a significant difference was noted between staining status and lesion location (P = 0.004), with the highest frequency of E-cadherin expression changes occurring in buccal mucosal samples (30%).

Conclusion: E-cadherin expression in erosive lichen planus is significantly lower than in healthy tissue, reticular lichen planus, and lichenoid lesions. Given the similar reduction observed in squamous cell carcinoma samples, evaluating E-cadherin expression may aid in the early recognition of malignant changes.

Background: Plaque control is one of the main issues after crown lengthening surgery. It is advised to use mouthwashes since mechanical plaque control is not possible due to the presence of the wound. Thus, the present study aims to compare the effectiveness of Persica and Protact mouthwash on gingival healing after crown lengthening surgery.

Materials and methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 33 candidates were randomly divided into three groups (n = 11). The first group used 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash; the second group used Persica mouthwash; and the third group used Protact mouthwash. Patients were followed for 14 days and changes in their plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), stain index (SI), tongue taste, and color were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.22 using the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Chi-square tests. The significance level was considered to be < 0.05.

Results: The PI decreases significantly after 14 days in the CHX group (P = 0.011), however, this difference was not significant in the other two groups. Moreover, the GI and SI were not significantly different in any of the groups (P > 0.05). The changes in the tongue color and taste were only observed in the CHX group and patient dissatisfaction was higher in this group.

Conclusion: CHX is the gold standard for patients who have undergone clinical crown lengthening surgery; nevertheless, considering its side effects and bad taste, Persica and Protact herbal mouthwashes can be used in more sensitive and uncooperative individuals.

Background: Fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with deep MOD cavities restored using resin composite, fibers (Ribbond and Angelus), and cuspal coverage with composite is of importance.

Materials and methods: This experimental study divided 55 sound maxillary premolars into five groups. Group 1: intact teeth. MOD cavities with an occlusal depth of 5 mm, an axial depth of 1.5 mm, and a buccolingual width of 3 mm were prepared in the remaining teeth, Group 2: teeth restored with composite by incremental technique (Bisco Aelite Posterior), Group 3: Ribbond fiber, Group 4: Angelus fiber, and Group 5: 2-mm cuspal reduction and coverage with composite. They were subjected to a fracture strength test after 1000 thermocycles and 100,000 chewing cycles. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Tukey, and Chi-square tests. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.

Results: The fracture strength of the control group, cuspal coverage, and Ribbond fiber were significantly higher than the composite group (P = 0.01, P = 0.02, and P = 0.001, respectively). The Angelus fiber also showed marginally higher fracture strength compared to the composite (P = 0.098). The Ribbond fiber exhibited a significantly more favorable failure pattern similar to intact teeth. The difference in failure patterns between the cuspal coverage and Ribbond (P = 0.009) and between the cuspal coverage and control (P = 0.034) was statistically significant.

Conclusion: The use of Ribbond fiber, Angelus fiber, and cuspal coverage significantly increased the fracture strength of composite restorations compared to conventional composite in deep MOD of maxillary premolars. In addition, the Ribbond fiber resulted in a more favorable failure pattern, similar to that of intact teeth.

Background: The shelf life of dental restorations relies primarily on the adhesion between tooth and restorative material. Numerous dental adhesive systems have been developed to play a crucial role in enhancing this adhesion. However, the presence of any residues while applying adhesive systems may compromise the adhesive seal, affecting the properties of dental restorations. Thus, this paper aims to assess the presence of microbrush bristle remnants on bonding surfaces using total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems.

Materials and methods: In the present experimental in vitro study, 12 extracted permanent maxillary premolar teeth were decoronated and divided into two groups (n = 6). Application of self-etch adhesive system (Seventh generation) was made on the prepared specimens with the help of microbrush (Cotisen) for group I, and total-etch adhesive system (Fifth generation) was applied on the prepared specimens for group II with the same brand of micro brush (Cotisen). Each group received a standardized polymerization process. The bonding surfaces of samples were then analyzed to determine the microbrush bristle remnants. An independent sample t-test was applied to compare the mean bristle remnants between the two groups. P value was set at 0.05 (at a 0.05 level of significance).

Results: Self-etch adhesive system had a greater number of microbrush bristle remnants than the total-etch adhesive system, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Irrespective of the different adhesive systems being used; microbrush bristle remnants were seen in both groups. Dentists should be cautious to avoid contamination of adhesive surfaces. The presence of bristle remnants might influence the shelf life of the restorations.

Background: Clear aligner therapy (CAT) was originally introduced for minor orthodontic corrections. However, with technological advances and increasing patient demands for esthetic and comfortable treatments, its application has expanded into more complex cases, including orthognathic surgery. This narrative review explores the use of clear aligners across all phases of orthognathic treatment, such as presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical.

Materials and methods: The literature from 2000 to 2025 was analyzed, identifying 34 relevant studies.

Results: Findings indicate that CAT can effectively manage dentofacial deformities such as skeletal Class II and III malocclusions, open bites, and craniofacial anomalies when used pre- and/or postoperatively.

Conclusion: Clear aligners offer significant advantages in esthetics, oral hygiene, treatment comfort, and quality of life. The combination of surgery and CAT has been demonstrated to reduce treatment time and increase patient satisfaction without compromising skeletal stability. Although there are some limitations, such as concerns about relapse and aligner rigidity in early postoperative phases, the results of occlusal stability, periodontal health, and patient satisfaction are promising. The increasing use of CAT in orthognathic surgery cases, particularly in digitally driven interdisciplinary treatment plans, is supported by this review as an effective and patient-centered alternative to fixed appliances.

Background: Oral health plays an important role in the general health of pregnant women and their newborns. Our aim was to assess oral health-related quality of life and its association with oral health literacy and dental caries among a group of Iranian pregnant women.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 pregnant women attending a governmental hospital in Isfahan, Iran, applying a convenient sampling method. Self-administrated questionnaires requested information about demographics, oral health-related quality of life utilizing Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and oral health literacy. A senior dental student conducted a clinical examination to record dental caries with Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and logistic regression model served for analysis (P < 0.05).

Results: The prevalence of oral health impacts on quality of life was 36%. In terms of the severity, the mean score of OHIP-14 was 13.2 ± 9.0 (range: 0-38). The mean score of oral health literacy was 9.7 ± 3.2 (range: 1-16). The mean DMFT was 9.8 ± 5.2. No significant relationship existed between oral health-related quality of life and oral health literacy (P = 0.347). A higher score of OHIP-14 was revealed among participants with higher DMFT index (P = 0.003, r = 0.21). In multivariate analysis, DMFT was independently associated with the likelihood of reporting one or more oral health impacts on quality of life (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Higher caries experience was associated with poorer oral health-related quality of life among pregnant women. Thus, it is recommended to increase quality of life through preventive measures to control the dental caries experience.

Background: Despite significant advances in dentistry, postendodontic pain is one of the problems that patients still suffer from. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bromelain-acetaminophen combination on the reduction of postendodontic pain in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Materials and methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 60 patients with mandibular first molars with irreversible pulpitis were evaluated. To homogenize the samples, patients who needed endodontic treatment of mandibular first molars with moderate severity were selected according to the American Association of Endodontists case difficulty assessment form. After endodontic treatment, half of the patients were given a placebo and 500 mg acetaminophen every 6 h, and the other half were given 500 mg Anahil capsule and 500 mg acetaminophen every 6 h until the patients' pain was ameliorated. If the patient did not feel pain, they didn't take medication, also we excluded the patients who felt pain for more than 2 days. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain before and 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after endodontic treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 22) software using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Kaplan-Meyer tests at a 5% error level.

Results: The amount of pain decreased more in the experimental group than in the placebo group 6 and 12 h after endodontic treatment, but by controlling the effect of initial pain (P = 0.627), no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the amount of pain (P = 0.875).

Conclusion: The bromelain-acetaminophen combination did not have an added value when it comes to controlling postendodontic pain.