Current opinion in insect science最新文献

英文中文

Editorial overview: Insect cold tolerance research reaches a Swift new Era 编辑综述：昆虫耐寒性研究进入了一个飞速发展的新纪元。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101284

Nicholas M Teets, Heath A MacMillan

引用次数: 0

Parasitoids as biocontrol agents in India 印度作为生物控制剂的寄生虫。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101282

Sunil Kumaraswamy, Sindhura Kopparthi AV, Radhika Dattatraya H, Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram

Amid concerns over chemical pesticide resistance and its associated environmental hazards, parasitoids offer an alternative long-term solution to manage insect pests in agriculture. India’s use of parasitoids in pest management has developed in tandem with the rest of the world, and this review summarizes the history of parasitoid-based biocontrol from the past to the present, focusing on problems such as climate adaptability, ecological compatibility, research-based advances, and policy-making. It focuses on successful classical, conservative, and augmentative techniques that form the foundation for implementing effective and sustainable biological control strategies involving parasitoids in India. The components that influence the efficiency of biocontrol activities, such as suitable phenological stages of parasitoids, field deployment techniques, quality assurance, environmental conditions, area-wide approaches, the need for sound habitat management, policy interventions, and public–private partnership are highlighted. Recent advancements in parasitoid mass production, quality control, and understanding competitive ecological interactions have provided prospects for designing effective parasitoid-centered biocontrol programs. The review presents historical breakthroughs in explaining how parasitoids help stabilize the agroecological dynamics that support sustainable food systems, primarily in India.

在人们对化学杀虫剂抗药性及其相关环境危害的担忧中，寄生虫为农业害虫管理提供了另一种长期解决方案。印度在害虫管理中使用寄生虫的情况与世界其他国家同步发展，本综述总结了从过去到现在以寄生虫为基础的生物防治的历史，重点关注气候适应性、生态兼容性、研究进展和政策制定等问题。报告重点介绍了成功的经典、保守和辅助技术，这些技术为在印度实施有效和可持续的寄生虫生物防治战略奠定了基础。重点介绍了影响生物防治活动效率的因素，如寄生虫的适宜物候期、实地部署技术、质量保证、环境条件、全区域方法、健全的生境管理需求、政策干预和公私伙伴关系。最近在寄生虫大规模生产、质量控制和了解竞争性生态相互作用方面取得的进展，为设计有效的以寄生虫为中心的生物控制计划提供了前景。综述介绍了在解释寄生虫如何帮助稳定支持可持续粮食系统的农业生态动态（主要在印度）方面取得的历史性突破。

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引用次数: 0

Parasitoid speciation and diversification 寄生虫的种类和多样化。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101281

Peter Arvid Hambäck , Niklas Janz , Mariana Pires Braga

Parasitoid wasps may well be the most species-rich animal group on Earth, and host–parasitoid interactions may thereby be one of the most common types of species interactions. Understanding the major mechanisms underlying diversification in parasitoids should be a high priority, not the least in order to predict consequences from high extinction rates currently observed. The two major hypotheses explaining host-associated diversification are the escape-and-radiate hypothesis and the oscillation hypothesis, where the former assumes that key innovations are major drivers of radiation bursts, whereas the latter rather assumes that diversification depends on processes acting on the standing genetic variation that influences host use. This paper reviews the recent literature on parasitoid speciation in light of these major hypotheses to identify potential key innovations and host use variability underlying diversification. The paper also calls upon recent theoretical advances from a similar system, plant–butterfly interactions, to provide shortcuts in the development of theories explaining the high diversity of parasitoid wasps.

寄生蜂很可能是地球上物种最丰富的动物群体，寄主与寄生蜂之间的相互作用也可能因此成为最常见的物种相互作用类型之一。了解寄生蜂多样化的主要机制应该是当务之急，尤其是为了预测目前观察到的高灭绝率所带来的后果。解释寄主相关多样化的两个主要假说是 "逃逸与辐射假说 "和 "振荡假说"，前者假定关键的创新是辐射爆发的主要驱动力，而后者则假定多样化取决于影响寄主利用的长期遗传变异过程。本文根据这些主要假说回顾了最近关于寄生虫物种变异的文献，以确定潜在的关键创新和寄主利用变异是物种多样化的基础。本文还借鉴了植物-蝴蝶相互作用这一类似系统的最新理论进展，为解释寄生蜂高度多样性的理论发展提供了捷径。

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引用次数: 0

Ethical issues in lethal insect monitoring 致命昆虫监测中的伦理问题

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101279

Meghan Barrett , Bob Fischer

Animal monitoring involves acquiring information about animals or their activities. Changes in available monitoring technologies, global biodiversity, and sociocultural norms have raised novel ethical challenges for biologists engaged in animal monitoring, including efforts aimed at monitoring insects. A growing amount of attention has been paid to the ethical challenges associated with lethal insect monitoring to include unclear environmental risks, welfare harms to insects, concerns about taking life, and more. Accordingly, we survey the literature raising questions about best practices in lethal monitoring, which, while largely focused on pollinators, applies more broadly to any insect monitoring initiatives. We consider whether monitoring is always required, whether monitoring must always be lethal, and whether lethal monitoring needs to kill as many individuals as standard methods do. We end by advocating for additional ethical dialogue that can assist practitioners in negotiating the variety of moral values that bear on these issues.

动物监测涉及获取有关动物或其活动的信息。现有监测技术、全球生物多样性和社会文化规范的变化给从事动物监测（包括昆虫监测）的生物学家带来了新的伦理挑战。越来越多的人开始关注与致命昆虫监测相关的伦理挑战，包括不明确的环境风险、对昆虫福利的伤害、对夺取生命的担忧等等。因此，我们调查了提出致死监测最佳实践问题的文献，这些问题虽然主要集中在传粉昆虫上，但更广泛地适用于任何昆虫监测活动。我们考虑了是否总是需要监测，监测是否必须总是致命的，以及致命监测是否需要像标准方法那样杀死尽可能多的个体。最后，我们提倡开展更多的伦理对话，以帮助实践者就影响这些问题的各种道德价值观进行谈判。

引用次数: 0

Chromosomal inversions and their impact on insect evolution 染色体倒位及其对昆虫进化的影响。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101280

Igor V Sharakhov , Maria V Sharakhova

Insects can adapt quickly and effectively to rapid environmental change and maintain long-term adaptations, but the genetic mechanisms underlying this response are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize studies on the potential impact of chromosomal inversion polymorphisms on insect evolution at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from long-term evolutionary stability to rapid emergence in response to emerging biotic and abiotic factors. The study of inversions has recently been advanced by comparative, population, and 3D genomics methods. The impact of inversions on insect genome evolution can be profound, including increased gene order rearrangements on sex chromosomes, accumulation of transposable elements, and facilitation of genome divergence. Understanding these processes provides critical insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping insect diversity.

昆虫可以快速有效地适应快速的环境变化并保持长期的适应性，但这种反应的遗传机制尚未完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关染色体反转多态性在不同时空尺度上对昆虫进化的潜在影响的研究，包括从长期进化稳定性到快速出现以应对新出现的生物和非生物因素。最近，比较、种群和三维基因组学方法推动了对倒位的研究。倒位对昆虫基因组进化的影响是深远的，包括性染色体上基因顺序重排的增加、转座元件的积累以及基因组分化的促进。了解这些过程有助于深入了解塑造昆虫多样性的进化机制。

引用次数: 0

Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the honey bee mushroom bodies — is inhibition the wellspring of plasticity? 蜜蜂蘑菇体内的 GABA - 抑制是可塑性的源泉吗？

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101278

Susan E Fahrbach

Structural plasticity is the hallmark of the protocerebral mushroom bodies of adult insects. This plasticity is especially well studied in social hymenopterans. In adult worker honey bees, phenomena such as increased neuropil volume, increased dendritic branching, and changes in the details of synaptic microcircuitry are associated with both the onset of foraging and the accumulation of foraging experience. Prior models of the drivers of these changes have focused on differences between the sensory environment of the hive and the world outside the hive, leading to enhanced excitatory (cholinergic) inputs to the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies (Kenyon cells). This article proposes experimental and bioinformatics-based approaches for the exploration of a role for changes in the inhibitory (GABAergic) innervation of the mushroom bodies as a driver of sensitive periods for structural plasticity in the honey bee brain.

结构可塑性是成虫原脑蘑菇体的标志。这种可塑性在社会性膜翅目昆虫中的研究尤为深入。在成年工蜂中，神经鞘体积的增加、树突分枝的增加以及突触微电路细节的变化等现象都与开始觅食和觅食经验的积累有关。先前关于这些变化驱动因素的模型主要集中在蜂巢感官环境与蜂巢外世界之间的差异，这种差异导致蘑菇伞体固有神经元（凯尼恩细胞）的兴奋性（胆碱能）输入增强。本文提出了基于实验和生物信息学的方法，以探索蘑菇体抑制性（GABA能）神经支配的变化作为蜜蜂大脑结构可塑性敏感期驱动因素的作用。

引用次数: 0

Current evidence in support of insect-friendly lighting practices 支持昆虫友好型照明做法的现有证据。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101276

Avalon CS Owens , Michael JO Pocock , Brett M Seymoure

Anthropogenic light pollution is an emerging threat to natural ecosystems with myriad effects on insects in particular. Insect conservationists are increasingly interested in mitigating this driver of insect declines via sustainable lighting practices. Current recommendations often follow the five principles for responsible outdoor lighting developed by DarkSky International, a nonprofit organization founded by astronomers. While these principles unquestionably increase star visibility, their ecological costs and benefits remain relatively unexplored. Herein, we review recent research into the effects of each principle on insect fitness broadly defined. Most studies test the efficacy of spectral tuning, followed by dimming, although both mitigation methods seem generally ineffective in practice. In contrast, both shielding and motion detectors show promise as mitigation methods but remain remarkably understudied. Nonetheless, a preponderance of evidence now demonstrates that removing unnecessary light sources from natural habitats can reverse their varied impacts on diverse insect taxa and greatly benefit insect conservation.

人为光污染是自然生态系统面临的新威胁，尤其对昆虫产生了无数影响。昆虫保护主义者越来越希望通过可持续照明实践来缓解这一导致昆虫数量下降的因素。目前的建议通常遵循由天文学家创立的非营利组织 "黑暗天空国际"（DarkSky International）制定的负责任的户外照明五项原则。虽然这些原则无疑提高了星星的能见度，但其生态成本和效益仍相对较低。在此，我们回顾了最近有关每项原则对广义昆虫适应性影响的研究。大多数研究都测试了光谱调谐的效果，然后是调暗，尽管这两种缓解方法在实践中似乎普遍无效。与此相反，屏蔽和运动探测器都显示出作为缓解方法的前景，但研究仍然明显不足。尽管如此，大量证据表明，从自然栖息地移除不必要的光源可以扭转光源对不同昆虫类群的不同影响，并对昆虫保护大有裨益。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility of sand fly control based on knowledge of sensory ecology 根据感官生态学知识控制沙蝇的可行性。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101274

David P Tchouassi , Trizah K Milugo , Baldwyn Torto

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of multiple human pathogens but are well known for enabling transmission of Leishmania parasites, which cause leishmaniasis, the visceral form constituting a serious public health disease and a second parasitic killer in the world after malaria. Sensory ecology shapes sand fly behavior, including host seeking for a blood meal, nectar foraging, oviposition, and reproduction, which directly impacts on disease transmission. As such, knowledge of sand fly sensory ecology, including olfactory and physical (visual, tactile, thermal, and acoustic) cues, is essential to enable their exploitation in the development of novel tools for sand fly surveillance and control. A previous review discussed the chemical ecology of sand flies with a focus on plant feeding (nectar foraging) behavior. Here, we contribute to the existing literature by providing an analysis of the feasibility of using knowledge gained from studies on sand fly sensory ecology for control of the vector.

嗜血沙蝇是多种人类病原体的传播媒介，但以传播利什曼原虫寄生虫而闻名，利什曼原虫寄生虫会引起利什曼病；内脏型利什曼病是一种严重的公共卫生疾病，也是世界上仅次于疟疾的寄生虫杀手。感官生态学影响着沙蝇的行为，包括宿主寻找血食、觅蜜、产卵和繁殖，这些行为直接影响着疾病的传播。因此，了解包括嗅觉和物理（视觉、触觉、热觉和听觉）线索在内的沙蝇感官生态学知识对于开发新型沙蝇监测和控制工具至关重要。之前的一篇综述讨论了沙蝇的化学生态学，重点是植物取食（花蜜觅食）行为。在此，我们分析了利用从沙蝇感官生态学研究中获得的知识控制病媒的可行性，为现有文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

Why do repellents repel? 驱虫剂为什么能驱虫？

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101277

Claudio R Lazzari

Repellents are used by humans and by animals to protect themselves from bites, and they contribute controlling the transmission of vector-borne diseases. There are numerous chemical formulations of both natural and synthetic origins, as well as electronic devices, that are commercially available worldwide alleged to provide personal protection against insect bites. Not all insect repellents are effective enough to provide real protection, nor are they considered safe for humans, animals or the environment. There is an urgent need to find novel, nontoxic and environmentally friendly alternatives. However, current efforts in this direction face a major obstacle: our understanding of how they keep away mosquitoes and other biting arthropods remains incomplete. This is also true for DEET, the ‘gold standard’ of repellents and the most widely used since its discovery in the 1940s. This article aims to guide the search for new repellents by discussing our current knowledge and future needs.

人类和动物都使用驱虫剂来保护自己免受叮咬，它们还有助于控制病媒传播疾病。世界上有许多天然和合成的化学制剂以及电子设备在市场上销售，据称它们可以提供个人保护，防止昆虫叮咬。但并非所有驱虫剂都能提供真正有效的保护，它们对人类、动物或环境也不安全。目前迫切需要找到新型、无毒和环保的替代品。然而，目前在这方面的努力面临着一个重大障碍：我们对它们如何驱赶蚊子和其他叮咬性节肢动物的了解仍然不全面。DEET 也是如此，它是驱虫剂的 "黄金标准"，自 20 世纪 40 年代被发现以来使用最为广泛。本文旨在通过讨论我们现有的知识和未来的需求，为寻找新的驱蚊剂提供指导。

引用次数: 0

Mosquitoes feeding on ectothermic hosts: from host seeking to pathogen transmission 以体外宿主为食的蚊子：从寻找宿主到病原体传播。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101273

Joanna M Reinhold , Chloé Lahondère

While much research has centered on mosquitoes transmitting pathogens to mammals and birds, several species feed on cold-blooded hosts, including amphibians, reptiles, fish, and various invertebrates. Despite limited knowledge about these alternative feeding habits, delving into their biology offers valuable insights into the evolutionary origins of blood feeding and aids in developing comprehensive epidemiological models for vector-borne diseases. This review sheds light on these ‘alternative’ hosts, highlighting recent discoveries in this field and probing into the evolutionary theories surrounding blood feeding in mosquitoes. Additionally, we delve into the host-seeking cues used by ectotherm-feeding mosquitoes and the physiological and mechanical challenges inherent in feeding on cold-blooded animals, contrasting them with endotherm-feeding mosquitoes. Finally, we examine the pathogens these mosquitoes can transmit. While our understanding of mosquitoes with alternative hosts remains incomplete, this review synthesizes existing knowledge, offering insights into the biology and ecology of mosquito species that target cold-blooded hosts.

虽然许多研究都集中在蚊子向哺乳动物和鸟类传播病原体上，但也有几个物种以冷血宿主为食，包括两栖动物、爬行动物、鱼类和各种无脊椎动物。尽管对这些替代性摄食习性的了解有限，但对其生物学特性的深入研究为了解血液摄食的进化起源提供了宝贵的见解，并有助于开发病媒传播疾病的综合流行病学模型。这篇综述揭示了这些 "另类 "宿主，重点介绍了这一领域的最新发现，并探讨了蚊子吸血的进化理论。此外，我们还深入探讨了外温摄食蚊子寻找宿主的线索，以及在冷血动物身上摄食所固有的生理和机械挑战，并与内温摄食蚊子进行了对比。最后，我们研究了这些蚊子可能传播的病原体。虽然我们对替代宿主的蚊子的了解仍不全面，但这篇综述综合了现有的知识，为以冷血宿主为目标的蚊子物种的生物学和生态学提供了见解。

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