Current opinion in insect science最新文献

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Where do all the pests go? Understanding the genomic mechanisms of crop pest dynamics during the off-season

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101340

Frederico Hickmann , Megan E Meuti , Andrew P Michel , Alberto S Corrêa

Agroecosystems provide abundant resources to insects. However, throughout the off-season, insects must overcome resource shortages and adverse climates to survive. This off-season persistence affects pest infestations in subsequent crops or seasons. Key pest species employ diapause, migration, and local-scale dispersal to persist during the off-season. Genomic approaches have advanced our understanding of these survival mechanisms. Clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm and interact with neuropeptides and downstream pathways, such as insulin-like peptides and hormonal factors–like ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones that regulate diapause. Migrant insects must manage processes like energy metabolism, oogenesis, and flight orientation. Local-scale dispersal requires mechanisms to locate, select, and exploit the most suitable host and habitat for survival and reproduction during the off-season. Here, we present advances in genomic research on pest survival during the off-season, focusing on diapause, migration, and local-scale dispersion. Understanding these phenomena is crucial for developing and optimizing effective integrated pest management programs.

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引用次数: 0

Innovations in Varroa mite management

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101343

Mary Whitehouse , Fazila Yousuf , James Sainsbury , Juliana Rangel , Mark Goodwin

Varroa mites, the main pest of honey bees, are notoriously difficult to control. We present a novel approach to mite management emphasising the role of immigration. We argue that how mite numbers increase within the colony determines the most effective varroa management techniques. That is, varroa infestations go through phases, where their rate of increase is either driven by varroa reproduction (Chronic phase) or is strongly influenced by immigration into the hive (Acute phase). Identifying chronic and acute phases will enable current varroa control methods to be better targeted. For example, control methods reducing reproduction rates will be most effective during the chronic phase. Identifying when immigration is important to varroa in-hive population increases (acute phase) may enable existing bee management techniques, for example, those that limit the access of some bees into hives, to be co-opted into varroa management. This change in perspective emphasises that in-hive varroa control will be improved by understanding the subtleties of how and when varroa enter hives; it will also identify other gaps in our knowledge of varroa’s behavioural ecology that could lead to new varroa control methods. Therefore, this novel approach to mite management will enable Integrated Pest Management to be better tailored to this pest.

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引用次数: 0

Taste adaptations in blood-feeding arthropods: mechanisms and ecological implications

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101342

Romina B Barrozo, Pablo A Bochicchio, Isabel Ortega-Insaurralde

Hematophagous arthropods rely on taste mechanisms to navigate host selection, feeding, mating, and oviposition. These behaviors are driven by environmental taste cues, which shape acceptance or aversion depending on their valence. Positive stimuli, like low concentrations of salts, sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides, promote feeding and oviposition, while negative stimuli, including high salt, bitter compounds, and nociceptive chemicals, trigger avoidance to prevent hazards. Species-specific adaptations enable blood feeders to overcome ecological challenges. Understanding their behavioral, neuronal, and molecular taste mechanisms aids in developing targeted vector control strategies, such as repellents, toxic baits, and oviposition deterrents, to disrupt disease transmission.

引用次数: 0

Understanding and counteracting the denial of insect biodiversity loss

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101338

Manu E Saunders , Alexander C Lees , Eliza M Grames

Biodiversity loss is occurring globally with negative impacts on ecosystem function and human well-being. There is a scientific consensus that diverse environmental and anthropogenic factors are altering different components of insect biodiversity, with changes occurring at all levels of biological organisation. Here, we describe how uncertainty around specific trends and the semantics of ‘decline’ in relation to insect biodiversity have been leveraged by denialist campaigns to manufacture doubt around the insect biodiversity crisis. Disinformation is one of the biggest threats to social cohesion and environmental integrity globally. We argue that scientists, academic institutions, policymakers, and journalists must combat denialism by relying on robust research, supporting efforts to communicate scientific uncertainty more effectively, and build consensus on the global impacts of insect biodiversity loss.

引用次数: 0

Recent advances and avenues for the pest management of invasive social wasps and hornets

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101336

Philip J Lester

Invasive social wasps and hornets pose significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and animal and human health. This review evaluates recent advances in invasive wasp and hornet management using criteria developed for assessing the feasibility of eradication and control programmes. I emphasise the importance and methods of early detection, citizen science, public involvement, and the role of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, drones, and radio telemetry for nest detection. Toxic baits remain a vital tool for population suppression, although improvements in their efficacy and selectivity are needed to mitigate nontarget impacts. The review explores the development of targeted control tools, including emerging biological and genetic control methods, which promise potential solutions but require careful consideration of ecological risks. Genetic interventions include gene drives that offer future potential for sustained long-term control but require robust regulatory frameworks. Global collaboration to standardise management is essential, as invasion and control efforts in one region can affect neighbouring countries. The integration of international best practices with legal frameworks, public engagement, and adaptive management strategies will be critical to the success of future management programmes.

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引用次数: 0

The developmental and genetic basis of male genitalia evolution in Drosophilids

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101335

Milton Urum, Ella Preger-Ben Noon

Reproductive organs are among the most variable and rapidly evolving structures in the animal kingdom, probably due to sexual selection. In insects, the diverse morphology of male genitalia is often one of the few visible characteristics that can reliably distinguish closely related species, making it crucial for taxonomic classification. Consistent with this, males of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and its closely related species display remarkable variations in genital morphology. This variation has made the male genitalia of Drosophilids an invaluable system for dissecting the genetic and developmental pathways responsible for morphological evolution, providing insights into how new structures emerge and how gene regulatory networks are co-opted during this process. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have uncovered developmental processes, novel genes, and regulatory networks that contribute to the morphogenesis and evolution of these extraordinary structures. These studies mark a significant advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms driving the evolution of complex organs.

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引用次数: 0

Novel automation, artificial intelligence, and biomimetic engineering advancements for insect studies and management

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101337

Donato Romano

Entomology has seen remarkable advancements through the integration of robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and biomimetic engineering. These technological innovations are revolutionizing how scientists study insect behavior, ecology, and management. Robotics and AI offer unprecedented precision and efficiency in monitoring and controlling insect populations. Biomimetics provides new ways to understand and replicate insect abilities in bioengineered systems. This mini-review highlights recent developments in these fields, focusing on key studies describing the transformative potential of these technologies. I explore their applications, benefits, and challenges, aiming at providing an overview of the current state and future directions in insect science and management.

引用次数: 0

The roles of viruses in tephritid pest multitrophic interactions and an outlook for biological control

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101333

Kelsey A Coffman

Tephritid fruit fly pests remain a considerable problem for agricultural fruit production around the world. New control methods that do not rely on synthetic insecticides are increasingly desirable to diversify tephritid pest management programs. Biological control through the release of parasitoid wasps has historically provided effective suppression of fruit fly pests, although molecular factors that influence the success of fruit fly parasitoids are understudied. Microbes have been demonstrated to facilitate myriad interactions between insects and their environment and have been the subject of recent investigation within tephritids. Specifically, the diversity and function of viruses found within fruit flies and associated parasitoids is an emerging field of research that has the potential to deepen our understanding of previously hidden factors that facilitate sustainable pest control. Most work to date has focused on identifying resident viral communities within fruit flies using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing approaches. Additionally, a growing body of evidence has revealed a multitude of functional dynamics that viruses have with fruit fly hosts, including vertically transmitted commensal viruses and parasitoid-vectored pathogens. Heritable viruses transmitted by fruit fly parasitoids, in particular, have been shown to play prominent roles in fruit fly multitrophic interactions, in which viral infection can shape the survival rate and host range of infected parasitoids. Furthermore, at least one parasitoid virus represents a lethal pathogen to a wide range of fruit fly pest species. Parasitoid viruses could therefore present novel opportunities to leverage natural antagonistic interactions for fruit fly pest control innovations.

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引用次数: 0

Genome assemblies and other genomic tools for understanding insect adaptation

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101334

Sebastián Pita , José M Rico-Porras , Pedro Lorite , Pablo Mora

Insects, the most diverse group of animals, exhibit remarkable adaptability, playing both crucial and problematic roles in ecosystems. Recent advancements in genomic technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic foundations of insect adaptation. This review explores key methodologies, including de novo and reference-guided genome assemblies, and highlights cutting-edge technologies like second- and third-generation sequencing and hybrid techniques. The article delves into the genetic mechanisms underlying insect adaptations, focusing on structural variants. Case studies, such as the Anopheles gambiae genome assembly and the genomic research on Drosophila melanogaster, demonstrate the practical applications of these technologies in understanding pesticide resistance, climate adaptation, and other evolutionary traits. This review underscores the transformative role of genomic tools in insect research, with significant implications for pest management, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation.

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引用次数: 0

The transition to flying insects: lessons from evo-devo and fossils 向飞虫的转变：从进化和化石中得到的教训。

IF 5.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101332

Takahiro Ohde , Jakub Prokop

Insects are the only arthropod group to achieve powered flight, which facilitated their explosive radiation on land. It remains a significant challenge to understand the evolutionary transition from nonflying (apterygote) to flying (pterygote) insects due to the large gap in the fossil record. Under such a situation, ontogenic information has historically been used to compensate for fossil evidence. Recent evo-devo studies support and refine a paleontology-based classical hypothesis that an ancestral exite incorporated into the body wall contributed to the origin of insect wings. The modern hypothesis locates an ancestral precoxa leg segment with an exite within the hexapod lateral tergum, reframing the long-standing debate on the insect wing origin. A current focus is on the contributions of the incorporated exite homolog and surrounding tissues, such as the pleuron and the medial bona fide tergum, to wing evolution. In parallel, recent analyses of Paleozoic fossils have confirmed thoracic and abdominal lateral body outgrowths as transitional wing precursors and suggested their possible role as respiratory organs in aquatic or semiaquatic environments. These recent studies have revised our understanding of the transition to flying insects. This review highlights recent progress in both evo-devo and paleontology, and discusses future challenges, including the evolution of metamorphic development.

昆虫是唯一实现动力飞行的节肢动物，这有助于它们在陆地上产生爆炸性的辐射。由于化石记录的巨大空白，了解从非飞行昆虫（翼虫）到飞行昆虫（翼虫）的进化转变仍然是一个重大挑战。在这种情况下，个体成因信息历来被用来弥补化石证据。最近的进化研究支持并完善了一个基于古生物学的经典假设，即一个祖先的出口合并到体壁中，有助于昆虫翅膀的起源。现代假说定位了祖先的前叶腿段，在六足动物的外侧三节中有一个出口，重新定义了关于昆虫翅膀起源的长期争论。目前的焦点是合并的出口同源物和周围组织，如胸膜和内侧真核，对翅膀进化的贡献。与此同时，最近对古生代化石的分析也证实了胸腹侧体的生长是过渡翼的前体，并表明它们在水生或半水生环境中可能是呼吸器官。这些最近的研究改变了我们对昆虫向飞行昆虫过渡的理解。本文综述了演化-devo和古生物学的最新进展，并讨论了未来的挑战，包括变质发育的演变。

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