Current opinion in insect science最新文献

英文中文

The expanding toolkit of insect cell culture: a new era in biotechnology 昆虫细胞培养的扩展工具包：生物技术的新时代。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101465

Surjeet Kumar Arya , Cynthia L Goodman , Subba Reddy Palli

Insect cell culture has become an essential platform in modern biotechnology, valued for its safety, scalability, and ability to perform complex post-translational modifications. This review highlights the latest and most important advances in the field. We focus on efforts at developing and engineering new insect cell lines, innovations in expression systems, especially the baculovirus expression vector system and the transformative impact of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Additionally, we explore breakthroughs that improve the efficiency of recombinant protein production and discuss key challenges such as viral contamination and expression instability. Collectively, these developments mark an important step forward in insect cell biotechnology and are expected to enhance the efficiency and scalability of producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. Together, these innovations illustrate a transition from cataloging cell line development to understanding the mechanisms and engineering principles driving these advances. This review not only summarizes recent progress but also provides perspective on how foundational lepidopteran models have guided innovations now extending into dipteran, hemipteran, and hymenopteran systems, shaping the future of insect biotechnology.

昆虫细胞培养已成为现代生物技术的重要平台，因其安全性、可扩展性和执行复杂翻译后修饰的能力而受到重视。这篇综述突出了该领域最新和最重要的进展。我们专注于开发和设计新的昆虫细胞系，创新表达系统，特别是杆状病毒表达载体系统（BEVS）以及基于CRISPR/ cas9的基因组编辑的变革性影响。此外，我们探索了提高重组蛋白生产效率的突破，并讨论了病毒污染和表达不稳定性等关键挑战。总的来说，这些发展标志着昆虫细胞生物技术向前迈出了重要一步，预计将提高生产疫苗和生物药品的效率和可扩展性。总之，这些创新说明了从编目细胞系发展到理解推动这些进步的机制和工程原理的转变。这篇综述不仅总结了最近的进展，而且提供了关于鳞翅目基础模型如何引导创新扩展到双翅目、半翅目和膜翅目系统的观点，塑造昆虫生物技术的未来。

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引用次数: 0

Epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in host–endosymbiont interactions: insights from Wolbachia and beyond 宿主-内共生体相互作用中的表观遗传学和非编码rna：来自沃尔巴克氏体及其他的见解。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101464

Elisa Dell’Aglio , Mariana G Ferrarini , Rita Rebollo

Symbioses are widespread in nature and are among major evolutionary forces. Insects have recurrently established intracellular symbioses with bacteria, balancing between immune responses and homeostasis. The processes involved in endosymbiosis establishment, maintenance, and control have recently been associated with epigenetic pathways and non-coding RNAs, which are known to regulate a wide range of cellular processes, including development, differentiation, immune response, and metabolism. Using the well-studied Wolbachia–Aedes aegypti model as a reference, we summarize how these mechanisms influence host gene expression, endosymbiont maintenance, and antiviral defence. Beyond Wolbachia, only a few examples have provided functional evidence of the role of epigenetics in regulating natural insect–bacteria associations. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that epigenetic factors can act as mediators of host–endosymbiont coordination; however, determining if such factors are drivers or by-products of symbiosis establishment will require further investigation

共生现象在自然界广泛存在，是主要的进化力量之一。昆虫经常与细菌建立细胞内共生关系，在免疫反应和体内平衡之间取得平衡。参与内共生建立、维持和控制的过程最近与表观遗传途径和非编码rna有关，它们调节广泛的细胞过程，包括发育、分化、免疫反应和代谢。以研究充分的沃尔巴克氏体-埃及伊蚊模型为参考，我们总结了这些机制如何影响宿主基因表达、内共生维持和抗病毒防御。除了沃尔巴克氏菌，只有少数例子提供了表观遗传学在调节天然昆虫-细菌关联中的作用的功能证据。综上所述，这些研究表明表观遗传因素可以作为宿主-内共生体协调的媒介；然而，确定这些因素是共生建立的驱动因素还是副产品还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

From apathy to advocacy: insect stewardship for our modern world 从冷漠到倡导：现代世界的昆虫管理。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101463

Shannon B Olsson

As human-driven urbanization, environmental change, agricultural intensification, pesticides, pollution, and invasive species expand across the globe, our insect populations face precipitous decline. Meanwhile, the connection of our modern societies with nature mirrors this decline. As academics, we must become active advocates for insect stewardship worldwide. Insect stewardship requires us to move beyond promoting respect for insects and their survival to citizen-led protection and management of insects through habitat protection, ethical considerations, and sustainable practices. This perspective offers a discussion on modern culture’s increasing disconnection with insects as well as current interventions to increase insect stewardship based on the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation to Behavior) model of behavioral change.

随着人类驱动的城市化、环境变化、农业集约化、农药、污染和入侵物种在全球范围内的扩张，我们的昆虫种群面临着急剧下降。与此同时，现代社会与自然的联系也反映了这种衰退。作为学者，我们必须成为全球昆虫管理的积极倡导者。昆虫管理工作要求我们超越对昆虫及其生存的尊重，通过栖息地保护、伦理考虑和可持续实践，实现以公民为主导的昆虫保护和管理。这一观点提供了关于现代文化与昆虫日益脱节的讨论，以及基于行为改变的COM-B（能力、机会、动机到行为）模型增加昆虫管理的当前干预措施。

引用次数: 0

Genetic control of malaria transmission: a salivary gland-centric perspective 疟疾传播的遗传控制：以唾液腺为中心的观点。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101462

Sabina Eze, Valerie T Nguyen, Alec Morvay, Yoosook Lee, Bianca Correa Burini

Mosquitoes are the deadliest organisms on Earth, as they transmit a wide range of medically important diseases, posing a major public health threat worldwide. Controlling vector-borne diseases presents numerous challenges, and the alarming rise in their incidence underscores the urgent need for innovative strategies, with genetic control offering a promising approach. Genetic engineering of mosquitoes requires a profound understanding of mosquito physiology and molecular aspects of host–pathogen interactions. Over the years, several stages of the Plasmodium parasite development within the mosquito have been extensively studied, with many molecular mechanisms successfully elucidated. However, important features of the parasite journey remain unclear, particularly the sporozoite’s ability to recognize and invade the salivary glands. This process involves a complex interplay of proteins and other molecules, yet much remains to be discovered about the precise mechanisms at play. Advancing our knowledge of this critical step will be instrumental in designing more effective transgenes for genetic control strategies, particularly those aimed at mosquito population replacement.

蚊子是地球上最致命的生物，因为它们传播广泛的医学上重要的疾病，对全世界的公共卫生构成重大威胁。控制病媒传播的疾病带来了许多挑战，其发病率的惊人上升突出表明迫切需要创新战略，遗传控制提供了一种有希望的方法。蚊子的基因工程需要对蚊子的生理和宿主-病原体相互作用的分子方面有深刻的了解。多年来，人们对疟原虫在蚊子体内发育的几个阶段进行了广泛的研究，并成功阐明了许多分子机制。然而，寄生虫旅程的重要特征仍不清楚，特别是孢子体识别和侵入唾液腺的能力。这一过程涉及蛋白质和其他分子的复杂相互作用，但其中的确切机制仍有待发现。推进我们对这一关键步骤的了解将有助于设计更有效的转基因基因控制策略，特别是那些旨在替换蚊子种群的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting cell death processes for insect pest control: a promising but still underexploited strategy 针对细胞死亡过程的害虫控制：一个有希望但仍未充分利用的策略。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101461

Gianluca Tettamanti , Morena Casartelli , Amr Mohamed , Umut Toprak , Daniele Bruno , Ling Tian

Cell death-related processes are fundamental to insect physiology, playing essential roles in development, immune response, and metamorphosis, thereby maintaining tissue and organism’s homeostasis. Among the various cell death mechanisms, apoptosis is crucial for sculpting tissues, eliminating damaged or infected cells, and limiting pathogen replication. In parallel, autophagy serves as a self-recycling process that facilitates nutrient allocation, stress resilience, and remodeling of larval structures during development but, in specific contexts, can be associated with cell death. Beyond their physiological importance, apoptosis and autophagy have emerged as attractive targets for pest control. To this purpose, two strategies can be envisaged: i) inducing cell death in key tissues using natural or synthetic compounds to compromise insects’ physiology and ii) manipulating apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways through chemical or genetic tools, such as RNA interference (RNAi) or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 systems, to impair development and immunity, thus reducing insect survival and fitness. Harnessing these cell death pathways offers promising new avenues for controlling insect pests and vector-borne diseases. However, further research is needed to improve the specificity, efficacy, and environmental safety of these approaches.

细胞死亡相关过程是昆虫生理的基础，在发育、免疫反应和变态过程中起着至关重要的作用，从而维持组织和生物体的稳态。在各种细胞死亡机制中，细胞凋亡在塑造组织、消除受损或感染细胞和限制病原体复制方面至关重要。同时，自噬作为一种自我循环过程，在发育过程中促进营养分配、应激恢复和幼虫结构重塑，但在特定情况下，可能与细胞死亡有关。除了生理上的重要性，细胞凋亡和自噬已经成为害虫防治的重要目标。为此，可以设想两种策略：1)使用天然或合成化合物诱导关键组织中的细胞死亡，损害昆虫的生理；2)通过化学或遗传工具（如RNAi或CRISPR）操纵凋亡和自噬信号通路，损害发育和免疫，从而降低昆虫的生存和适应性。利用这些细胞死亡途径为控制害虫和媒介传播疾病提供了有希望的新途径。然而，需要进一步的研究来提高这些方法的特异性、有效性和环境安全性。

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引用次数: 0

How much should we care about insect–plastic interactions? 我们应该在多大程度上关注昆虫与塑料的相互作用？

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101460

Jane E Allison , Marshall W Ritchie , Heath A MacMillan , Laura V Ferguson

The world relies heavily on plastic use in daily life, leading to increased global concern over mismanagement of plastic waste, its entry into natural environments, and impacts on living organisms. Over time, plastic in the environment will break down into microplastics (5 mm–1 µm) and eventually into nanoplastics (<1 µm), which are found in many living organisms, including insects. Insects are also of particular interest in plastic waste management because of their potential role in degrading plastic waste. However, these applications have not yet been scalable, and the ubiquity and consequences of plastic ingestion are unclear. Further, insect–plastic interactions are complicated by the seemingly endless combinations of shapes, types, sizes, and concentrations of plastics. As a result, we have a fragmented body of literature and unclear patterns that raise questions about whether resources put toward studying insect–plastic interactions should be placed elsewhere and why, or how much, we should care. Nevertheless, insects are vital members of almost all ecosystems, and their populations are already threatened by numerous stressors; thus, ignoring another potential threat would be unwise. To reveal clear patterns that can shape how we invest in mitigating and harnessing insect–plastic interactions, we pose six major questions. We also present a matrix of ‘care' that combines the likelihood of exposure with the strength of the outcome of the interaction. We aim for these questions and matrix to serve as tools to guide broader participation, research priorities, and allocation of resources, to tackle what is currently a prodigious, but worthy, pursuit.

世界在日常生活中严重依赖塑料的使用，导致全球越来越关注塑料废物管理不善、塑料废物进入自然环境以及对生物的影响。随着时间的推移，环境中的塑料会分解成微塑料（5mm-1微米），最终变成纳米塑料(

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引用次数: 0

Small RNAs in insects: emerging classes and functions 昆虫中的小rna：新出现的类别和功能。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101458

Doga Cedden , Gözde Güney

Insects produce diverse small RNAs (sRNAs) that play important roles in gene regulation and immunity, and some are being exploited as species-specific pest control strategies. Here, we review recent advances in insect sRNA biology. First, we summarize the canonical classes, microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Next, we highlight emerging functions for transfer RNA-derived sRNAs (tsRNAs) in development and stress responses. We highlight that mechanistic studies are now beginning to link sRNAs to various biological phenomena using methods such as RNA sequencing and degradomics in combination with functional validations. We outline design features that increase the efficacy of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) derived siRNAs and note that siRNAs appear to play a limited part in transposon control compared with piRNAs. We discuss emerging roles of piRNAs in reproduction and sex determination that suggest potential pest control strategies. Lastly, we highlight emerging evidence for cross-kingdom miRNAs delivered by insects to plants to facilitate herbivory, and conversely, plant miRNAs that may be transferred to insects to regulate their physiology. Overall, we argue that our understanding of insect sRNAs is rapidly expanding, which has implications for novel pest management strategies.

昆虫产生多种小rna (sRNAs)，它们在基因调控和免疫中发挥重要作用，其中一些正被开发为物种特异性害虫防治策略。本文综述了近年来昆虫sRNA生物学的研究进展。首先，我们总结了microRNAs （miRNAs）、小干扰rna （sirna）和PIWI相互作用rna （piRNAs）的典型分类。接下来，我们重点介绍了转移RNA衍生的sRNAs （tsrna）在发育和应激反应中的新功能。我们强调，机制研究现在开始使用RNA测序和降解组学结合功能验证等方法将sRNAs与各种生物现象联系起来。我们概述了提高双链RNA （dsRNA）衍生sinas功效的设计特征，并注意到与pirna相比，sinas在转座子控制中似乎发挥有限的作用。我们讨论了pirna在生殖和性别决定中的新作用，提出了潜在的害虫控制策略。最后，我们强调了昆虫向植物传递跨界mirna以促进食草性的新证据，相反，植物mirna可能转移到昆虫以调节其生理。总的来说，我们认为我们对昆虫sRNAs的理解正在迅速扩大，这对新的害虫管理策略具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolic command centers in Drosophila: how the fat body and oenocytes orchestrate immunity, reproduction, and aging 果蝇的代谢指挥中心：脂肪体和卵泡细胞如何协调免疫、繁殖和衰老。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101459

Kerui Huang , Norbert Perrimon

Energy storage and mobilization are fundamental to physiology and survival, yet their dysregulation drives obesity, diabetes, cancer, and age-related diseases. Drosophila melanogaster offers a tractable model for dissecting these pathways because its metabolic and endocrine circuits mirror those of vertebrates. In flies, the fat body functions like mammalian adipose and liver tissues, as it stores triacylglycerol and glycogen, produces lipoproteins, and serves as a major immune site. In addition, hepatocyte-like oenocytes direct lipid mobilization and trafficking during nutrient stress, synthesize cuticular hydrocarbons, and help regulate fertility and behavior. This review surveys discoveries enabled by single-cell genomics, metabolomics, and advanced genetics, with a focus on how the fat body and oenocytes integrate metabolism with reproduction, immunity, and aging.

能量储存和动员是生理和生存的基础，但它们的失调会导致肥胖、糖尿病、癌症和与年龄相关的疾病。黑腹果蝇提供了一个易于处理的模型来解剖这些通路，因为它的代谢和内分泌回路反映了脊椎动物的代谢和内分泌回路。在果蝇中，脂肪体的功能类似于哺乳动物的脂肪组织和肝脏组织，因为它储存三酰基甘油和糖原，产生脂蛋白，并作为主要的免疫部位。此外，肝细胞样卵泡细胞在营养应激时直接脂质动员和运输，合成角质层碳氢化合物，并帮助调节生育和行为。本文综述了单细胞基因组学、代谢组学和高级遗传学所带来的发现，重点关注脂肪体和衰老细胞如何将代谢与生殖、免疫和衰老结合起来。

引用次数: 0

The role of insulin and octopamine in regulating energy homeostasis and locomotion in insects 胰岛素和章鱼胺在调节昆虫能量稳态和运动中的作用。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101457

Rituja S Bisen, Sander Liessem, Martina Held, Jan M Ache

Maintaining energy homeostasis is a fundamental requirement for survival. At the core, animals must balance periods of food-searching and feeding with other essential, energy-consuming behaviors. This also applies to insects, which spend a considerable fraction of their lifetime foraging — sometimes under extreme conditions. The motivation to search for food is increased by a lack of energy stores, which drives a hunger signal generated by the interplay between the depletion of energy stores, enteroceptors, and neuroendocrine signaling pathways. These changes alter the internal state of the animal, which modulates the activity of sensorimotor circuits to drive behavioral changes. Here, we review recent insights into the modulation of locomotor activity and foraging by two systems that play critical and antagonistic roles in linking energy homeostasis to behavioral changes in insects and other animals: the insulin and the octopamine system.

维持能量稳态是生存的基本要求。从本质上讲，动物必须在寻找食物和进食的过程中，与其他必要的、消耗能量的行为保持平衡。这也适用于昆虫，它们一生中相当大一部分时间都在觅食——有时是在极端条件下。寻找食物的动机会因为能量储备的缺乏而增加，而能量储备的消耗、肠感受器和神经内分泌信号通路之间的相互作用会产生饥饿信号。这些变化改变了动物的内部状态，从而调节感觉运动回路的活动来驱动行为变化。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于昆虫和其他动物的两个系统对运动活动和觅食的调节的见解，这两个系统在将能量稳态与行为变化联系起来方面起着关键和拮抗作用：胰岛素和章鱼胺系统。

引用次数: 0

Recent advances and applications of single-cell sequencing in insects 昆虫单细胞测序的最新进展及应用。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101455

Nishtha Nayyar , Surjeet Kumar Arya , Douglas A Harrison , Subba Reddy Palli

Single-cell genomic technologies are transforming insect science, shifting the field from basic description to functional and mechanistic research. These methods provide remarkable insights into insect physiology, development, immunity, and evolution by enabling detailed analysis of cellular diversity and molecular complexity. The rapid advancement of single-cell multi-omics technologies has made it possible to explore transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolic levels, offering a comprehensive view of molecular dynamics within cells. New techniques also hold promise for high-throughput spatial transcriptomics that reveal tissue organization at subcellular resolution. The effectiveness of these technologies has greatly improved due to concurrent progress in analytical tools and deep learning algorithms capable of integrating all outputs for unprecedented biological insights. Together, these innovations have led to exciting discoveries in insect biology in a short period. This review highlights recent progress in single-cell genomics, discusses new perspectives gained in insect biology, and examines future directions for this technology from an entomological standpoint.

单细胞基因组技术正在改变昆虫科学，将该领域从基本描述转向功能和机制研究。这些方法通过对细胞多样性和分子复杂性的详细分析，为昆虫的生理、发育、免疫和进化提供了非凡的见解。单细胞多组学技术的快速发展使得探索转录组学、表观基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢水平成为可能，为细胞内的分子动力学提供了一个全面的视角。新技术也有望用于高通量空间转录组学，以亚细胞分辨率揭示组织组织。由于分析工具和深度学习算法的同步进步，这些技术的有效性大大提高，这些算法能够整合所有输出以获得前所未有的生物学见解。总之，这些创新在短时间内导致了昆虫生物学令人兴奋的发现。本文综述了单细胞基因组学的最新进展，讨论了昆虫生物学的新视角，并从昆虫学的角度探讨了该技术的未来发展方向。

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