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Evolutionary consequences of long-distance dispersal in mosquitoes 蚊子长距离传播的进化后果。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101325
Thomas L Schmidt
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) provides a means for mosquitoes to invade new regions and spread adaptive alleles, including those conferring insecticide resistance. Most LDD takes place on human transport vessels and will typically be rarer and more directionally constrained than active flight but can connect populations and regions that are otherwise mutually inaccessible. These features make LDD worthy of specific consideration in mosquito research. This paper reviews recent evolutionary research on LDD and its consequences for mosquito populations and mosquito control. LDD is the main source of mosquito range expansions, and genomic methods can now trace the origins of new invasions to specific towns or cities. Genomic methods can also give a rough indication of the number of invaders, which if very small may lead to the stochastic loss of advantageous alleles during invasion bottlenecks. Once invasions are established, LDD spreads adaptive alleles between populations. Emerging insights into insecticide resistance evolution indicate that LDD has repeatedly spread resistance mutations across global species ranges, but these broad patterns are convoluted by two other evolutionary processes: parallel adaptation at the same gene or gene cluster and polygenic adaptation at different genes in different populations. Together, these processes have produced patterns of similarity and dissimilarity at resistance genes that are decoupled from geographical distance. LDD within cities is less well studied but is important for planning and evaluating local control efforts. Urban investigations of LDD may help identify areas experiencing weaker selection pressures from insecticides and isolated areas to target for control.
远距离传播(LDD)为蚊子入侵新地区和传播适应性等位基因(包括赋予杀虫剂抗性的等位基因)提供了一种手段。大多数远距离传播是在人类运输船上进行的,通常比主动飞行更罕见,方向也更受限制,但却能将原本互不相通的种群和地区连接起来。这些特点使 LDD 成为蚊子研究中值得特别考虑的问题。本文回顾了最近关于LDD的进化研究及其对蚊子种群和蚊子控制的影响。LDD是蚊子分布范围扩大的主要来源,基因组学方法现在可以追溯新入侵蚊子在特定城镇或城市的起源。基因组学方法还可以粗略显示入侵者的数量,如果数量很少,可能会导致优势等位基因在入侵瓶颈期随机丢失。一旦入侵确立,LDD 就会在种群之间传播适应性等位基因。对杀虫剂抗性进化的新认识表明,LDD 在全球物种范围内反复传播抗性突变,但这些广泛的模式因另外两个进化过程而变得错综复杂:同一基因或基因簇的平行适应;不同种群中不同基因的多基因适应。这些过程共同产生了与地理距离脱钩的抗性基因的相似性和差异性模式。城市中的 LDD 研究较少,但对规划和评估当地的防治工作非常重要。对 LDD 的城市调查可能有助于确定受到杀虫剂选择压力较弱的地区,以及作为控制目标的孤立地区。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: From neurons to ecology: how sensory information guides insect behaviour 从神经元到生态学:感官信息如何指导昆虫行为。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101326
Natalie Hempel de Ibarra , Julie A Mustard
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引用次数: 0
Supergenes in organismal and social development of insects: ideas and opportunities 昆虫有机体和社会发育中的超基因:想法和机会。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101303
Jessica Purcell , Alan Brelsford
Supergenes, or regions of the genome containing two or more linked functional mutations that control complex traits, are emerging as a common genetic basis for many striking phenotypic polymorphisms in insects. Now that we know that supergenes are common, we can seek common features of diverse supergene systems. Here, we lay out a framework of open questions (see graphical abstract) that can be addressed separately in each system and, ultimately, compared across systems to seek general patterns in supergene evolution. Few empirical studies have investigated what causes new supergene haplotypes to initially increase in frequency, but to not eventually fix in a population. Resolving the genotype–phenotype connection and isolating functional genes will provide more insight into the forms of selecting shaping supergene evolution. Ultimately, research on supergenes will help to broaden our understanding of how recombination rate variation influences the evolutionary trajectories of sexually reproducing organisms.
超基因,或基因组中包含两个或多个相互关联的功能突变的区域,控制着复杂的性状,正在成为昆虫中许多显著表型多态性的共同遗传基础。既然我们知道超基因是普遍的,我们就可以寻找不同超基因系统的共同特征。在这里,我们列出了一个开放问题的框架(见图形摘要),这些问题可以在每个系统中单独解决,最终,跨系统进行比较,以寻求超基因进化的一般模式。很少有实证研究调查了是什么原因导致新的超基因单倍型最初频率增加,但最终没有固定在一个群体中。解决基因型-表型的联系和分离功能基因将提供更多的见解选择塑造超基因进化的形式。最终,对超基因的研究将有助于拓宽我们对重组率变化如何影响有性生殖生物进化轨迹的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond blood: the flexibility of triatomine bug food search and recognition 超越血液:三角蝽蝽食物搜索和识别的灵活性。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101301
Marcelo G Lorenzo , Claudio R Lazzari , Romina B Barrozo
Kissing bugs are known for being skilled blood-feeders on warm-blooded hosts, using cues like carbon dioxide, infrared radiation, and skin odors to locate them. They depend on heat to direct their bites and use gustatory signals for feeding decisions. Recent evidence suggests that they also feed on cold-blooded animals and insects. This implies that they may respond to other sensory cues, such as slight temperature changes, vibrations, and/or odors, to trigger biting attempts. Besides, new studies reveal that triatomines can ingest plant or fruit fluids, showing a broader dietary flexibility than previously recognized. Future research should focus on how triatomines detect and respond to sensory cues from poikilothermic hosts or plant fluids, and how these sensory inputs influence their feeding behavior. Understanding their sensory abilities and dietary flexibility could have important implications for vector surveillance and control, offering insights into the evolutionary shift from predatory to blood-feeding behaviors.
众所周知,接吻虫是温血动物的熟练吸血者,它们利用二氧化碳、红外辐射和皮肤气味等线索来定位宿主。它们依靠热量来指导叮咬,并利用味觉信号来决定是否进食。最近的证据表明,它们也以冷血动物和昆虫为食。这意味着它们可能会对其他感官线索做出反应,比如轻微的温度变化、振动和/或气味,从而引发咬人的尝试。此外,新的研究表明,triatomines可以摄取植物或水果液体,显示出比以前认识到的更广泛的饮食灵活性。未来的研究应该集中在三齿蝽如何检测和响应来自变热寄主或植物液体的感觉信号,以及这些感觉输入如何影响它们的摄食行为。了解它们的感觉能力和饮食灵活性可能对病媒的监测和控制具有重要意义,为了解从捕食行为到吸血行为的进化转变提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Recent approaches lead to a deeper understanding of diverse segmentation mechanisms in insects, with a focus on the pair-rule genes 最近的研究方法导致对昆虫中不同的分割机制有了更深入的了解,重点是对规则基因。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101317
Katie Reding, Leslie Pick
The division of the insect embryo into repeated units — segments — is a fundamental feature of the body plan. The genes controlling this process in Drosophila melanogaster were identified in genetic screens and characterized in that species in numerous studies in the 1980s and 1990s. These genes form a well-established hierarchy and have been leveraged to examine gene regulation, transcriptional machinery, chromatin structure, and more. Much of the genetic toolkit identified in Drosophila is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom, spearheading the field of evolutionary developmental biology or Evo-Devo. Accordingly, a ‘Drosophila-centric’ approach has examined the evolutionary conservation of orthologs of Drosophila segmentation genes in closely and distantly related insects. Here, we report on progress in both Drosophila and emerging model insects in recent years (2022 to present), with much of the new research related to the pair-rule subset of segmentation genes. We highlight new findings on ‘classic’ Drosophila genes, revealing unexpected roles of genes and cis-regulatory elements in this species. We further report on the expanding knowledge about mechanisms regulating to segmentation in emerging model insects that are distantly related to Drosophila, including those that pattern segments sequentially. We also describe technical advances in both Drosophila and nonmodel species that are currently progressing research in this field.
昆虫胚胎分裂成重复的单位-节-是身体计划的一个基本特征。在20世纪80年代和90年代的许多研究中,在黑腹果蝇中控制这一过程的基因在遗传筛选中被确定,并在该物种中进行了表征。这些基因形成了一个完善的层次结构,并被用来研究基因调控、转录机制、染色质结构等。在果蝇身上发现的许多基因工具箱在整个动物王国中都是高度保守的,是进化发育生物学(Evo-Devo)领域的先锋。因此,“以果蝇为中心”的方法研究了近亲和远亲昆虫中果蝇片段基因的同源物的进化守恒。在这里,我们报告了近年来(2022年至今)在果蝇和新兴模式昆虫方面的进展,其中许多新研究与分割基因的成对规则子集有关。我们强调了“经典”果蝇基因的新发现,揭示了基因和顺式调控元件在该物种中的意想不到的作用。我们进一步报道了与果蝇有远亲关系的新兴模式昆虫,包括那些按顺序模式片段的昆虫,对片段的调节机制的不断扩展的知识。我们还描述了目前正在该领域进行研究的果蝇和非模式物种的技术进步。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: Special section on vector sensory ecology (2024) 媒介感官生态学专题(2024)。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101316
Marcelo G Lorenzo, Sharon R Hill, Rickard Ignell, Claudio R Lazzari
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the role of chemical ecology in plant-pathogen, vector, and secondary consumer interactions and their consequences for integrated pest management 研究化学生态学在植物-病原体、媒介和次生消费者相互作用中的作用及其对病虫害综合治理的影响。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101307
Xavier Martini , Lukasz L. Stelinski
Phytopathogens modify chemical communication between host plants and herbivorous vectors of those pathogens. These chemical cues often attract vectors to sources of inoculum and facilitate the further spread of the pathogens. Recent investigations have demonstrated that secondary consumers also respond to the same pathogen-induced cues that affect the behavior of vectors. Therefore, efforts to manipulate the behavior of natural enemies to improve biological control may yield unpredictable outcomes since coincident volatiles are induced by herbivory and pathogen attacks. We suggest that case-specific analyses of the costs and benefits of these multitrophic interactions are required to translate biological findings into integrated pest management practices.
植物病原体改变寄主植物和这些病原体的食草媒介之间的化学通讯。这些化学线索经常吸引病媒到接种源,并促进病原体的进一步传播。最近的调查表明,次级消费者也对影响病媒行为的相同病原体诱导线索作出反应。因此,操纵天敌行为以改善生物防治的努力可能会产生不可预测的结果,因为草食和病原体的攻击会引起一致的挥发物。我们建议,需要对这些多营养相互作用的成本和收益进行个案分析,以便将生物学发现转化为综合虫害管理措施。
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引用次数: 0
Like a moth to a flame: the effect of megafires on pollinators and pollination systems 飞蛾扑火:特大火灾对授粉者和授粉系统的影响。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101304
Tanya Latty, Caitlyn Forster
Fire is a natural part of many ecosystems; however, as a consequence of climate change, unusually large ‘megafires’ are expected to increase in occurrence. Given their large spatial extent, the impacts of megafire on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning could differ substantially from the impacts of typically sized fires, even in fire-adapted ecosystems. In this review, we investigate the potential impacts of megafires on pollination systems. The extensive spatial extent of megafires can lead to large amounts of habitat being exposed to high-severity fires, which may increase insect mortality, especially for taxa that cannot take refuge in underground nests or other refuges. In the most extreme cases, megafires may result in the local — or global — extinction of plant and pollinator species, which, in turn, can trigger co-extinctions and lessen the resilience of pollination networks. In addition, smoke can exacerbate initial mortality by interfering with insect sensory systems, decreasing foraging behaviours, and negatively impacting insect health and immunity. Worryingly, smoke can impact pollination systems thousands of kilometres away from the fire. The negative effects of megafires may be exacerbated by inter-connected nonlinear feedback loops such as extinction cascades, colony collapse and Allee effects, which may make the response of pollination systems to fires harder to predict. Since megafires will almost certainly become a feature of our future, understanding how interconnected stressors will impact pollinators and pollination systems is key to safeguarding global pollination systems.
火灾是许多生态系统的自然组成部分,然而,由于气候变化,预计异常大的 "特大火灾 "会越来越多。由于特大火灾的空间范围大,其对生物多样性和生态系统功能的影响可能与一般规模火灾的影响大不相同,即使在适应火灾的生态系统中也是如此。在本综述中,我们研究了特大火灾对授粉系统的潜在影响。特大火灾的空间范围很广,可能导致大量栖息地暴露在严重程度很高的火灾中,这可能会增加昆虫的死亡率,尤其是那些无法在地下巢穴或其他避难所避难的类群。在最极端的情况下,大火可能导致当地或全球植物和授粉物种灭绝,这反过来又会引发共生现象,削弱授粉网络的恢复能力。此外,烟雾会干扰昆虫的感官系统,减少昆虫的觅食行为,并对昆虫的健康和免疫力产生负面影响,从而加剧最初的死亡率。令人担忧的是,烟雾会影响离火灾数千公里以外的授粉系统。特大火灾的负面影响可能会因相互关联的非线性反馈循环而加剧,如灭绝级联、群落崩溃和阿利效应,这可能会使授粉系统对火灾的反应更难预测。由于特大火灾几乎肯定会成为我们未来的一个特征,因此了解相互关联的压力因素将如何影响授粉昆虫和授粉系统是保护全球授粉系统的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Blowfly genomics: current insights, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives 牛虻基因组学:当前见解、知识差距和未来展望。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101305
Drashti R Parmar , Nikolas P Johnston , James F Wallman , Krzysztof Szpila
Blowflies (Calliphoridae) form a diverse, species-rich group, yet publicly available genome assemblies are limited to only 16 species, despite recent genomic advances. This knowledge gap extends to mitogenomes and barcode databases, which mainly focus on medically and veterinary-important species. While blowfly phylogenetics has progressed, additional genome sequencing is crucial for various subfamilies, given their diverse life histories. This review presents a quantitative overview of available genetic information for blowflies, highlighting substantial gaps in public databases. DNA barcodes, mitogenomes, and genomes represent only 16.5% (342 species), ∼3% (53 species), and <1% (16 species) of known family diversity, respectively. While 183 genomics-related calliphorid BioProjects are recorded by NCBI, many subfamilies and genera have limited or no genomic representation, impacting studies on identification, systematics, phylogenetics, and evolution. We stress the urgent need for high-quality reference genomes and highlight target species representing all blowfly subfamilies to support a new era of rapid, low-cost genomic research.
吹蝇(Calliphoridae)是一个种类繁多、物种丰富的类群,尽管最近基因组学取得了进展,但公开的基因组组装却仅限于 16 个物种。这一知识空白还延伸到了有丝分裂基因组和条形码数据库,它们主要集中在医学和兽医学上重要的物种上。在系统进化论取得进展的同时,鉴于各亚科的生活史各不相同,对它们进行更多的基因组测序至关重要。本综述对现有的吹蝇基因信息进行了定量概述,强调了公共数据库中存在的巨大空白。DNA条形码、有丝分裂基因组和基因组分别只占 16.5%(342 个物种)、~3%(53 个物种)和
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenic influences on parasitoid wasps’ biocontrol of invasive insect pest species in Africa 人类活动对寄生蜂对非洲入侵害虫物种进行生物控制的影响。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101300
Fathiya M Khamis, Inusa J Ajene
Sustainable agriculture is crucial to ensuring food and nutritional security and improving livelihoods of millions across Africa. However, agricultural production is constrained by native and invasive pests. Indiscriminate insecticide use is often the first line of action to manage these pests, harming human and animal health, and impacting biodiversity. Thus, shifting to more ecologically sustainable alternatives is key to biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture. Biological control is a core component of integrated pest management strategies, and natural enemies, like parasitoid wasps, are considered one of the most environmentally sustainable means of managing pests. However, the Anthropocene plays a significant role in the success and sustainability of this approach. Therefore, here, we provide a look at the influence of anthropological activities, the scope of the application of parasitoids as biocontrol agents of invasive pests, and the current trends in parasitoid utilization in Africa.
可持续农业对于确保粮食和营养安全以及改善非洲数百万人的生计至关重要。然而,农业生产受到本地害虫和入侵害虫的制约。滥用杀虫剂往往是治理这些害虫的第一道工序,不仅损害人类和动物的健康,还会影响生物多样性。因此,转而使用更具生态可持续性的替代品是保护生物多样性和可持续农业的关键。生物防治是害虫综合治理(IPM)战略的核心组成部分,寄生蜂等天敌被认为是最具环境可持续性的害虫治理手段之一。然而,人类世对这种方法的成功和可持续性起着重要作用。因此,我们在此探讨了人类活动的影响、寄生蜂作为入侵害虫生物控制剂的应用范围以及目前非洲利用寄生蜂的趋势。
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引用次数: 0
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Current opinion in insect science
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