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Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the honey bee mushroom bodies — is inhibition the wellspring of plasticity? 蜜蜂蘑菇体内的 GABA - 抑制是可塑性的源泉吗?
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101278
Susan E Fahrbach
Structural plasticity is the hallmark of the protocerebral mushroom bodies of adult insects. This plasticity is especially well studied in social hymenopterans. In adult worker honey bees, phenomena such as increased neuropil volume, increased dendritic branching, and changes in the details of synaptic microcircuitry are associated with both the onset of foraging and the accumulation of foraging experience. Prior models of the drivers of these changes have focused on differences between the sensory environment of the hive and the world outside the hive, leading to enhanced excitatory (cholinergic) inputs to the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies (Kenyon cells). This article proposes experimental and bioinformatics-based approaches for the exploration of a role for changes in the inhibitory (GABAergic) innervation of the mushroom bodies as a driver of sensitive periods for structural plasticity in the honey bee brain.
结构可塑性是成虫原脑蘑菇体的标志。这种可塑性在社会性膜翅目昆虫中的研究尤为深入。在成年工蜂中,神经鞘体积的增加、树突分枝的增加以及突触微电路细节的变化等现象都与开始觅食和觅食经验的积累有关。先前关于这些变化驱动因素的模型主要集中在蜂巢感官环境与蜂巢外世界之间的差异,这种差异导致蘑菇伞体固有神经元(凯尼恩细胞)的兴奋性(胆碱能)输入增强。本文提出了基于实验和生物信息学的方法,以探索蘑菇体抑制性(GABA能)神经支配的变化作为蜜蜂大脑结构可塑性敏感期驱动因素的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Current evidence in support of insect-friendly lighting practices 支持昆虫友好型照明做法的现有证据。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101276
Avalon CS Owens , Michael JO Pocock , Brett M Seymoure
Anthropogenic light pollution is an emerging threat to natural ecosystems with myriad effects on insects in particular. Insect conservationists are increasingly interested in mitigating this driver of insect declines via sustainable lighting practices. Current recommendations often follow the five principles for responsible outdoor lighting developed by DarkSky International, a nonprofit organization founded by astronomers. While these principles unquestionably increase star visibility, their ecological costs and benefits remain relatively unexplored. Herein, we review recent research into the effects of each principle on insect fitness broadly defined. Most studies test the efficacy of spectral tuning, followed by dimming, although both mitigation methods seem generally ineffective in practice. In contrast, both shielding and motion detectors show promise as mitigation methods but remain remarkably understudied. Nonetheless, a preponderance of evidence now demonstrates that removing unnecessary light sources from natural habitats can reverse their varied impacts on diverse insect taxa and greatly benefit insect conservation.
人为光污染是自然生态系统面临的新威胁,尤其对昆虫产生了无数影响。昆虫保护主义者越来越希望通过可持续照明实践来缓解这一导致昆虫数量下降的因素。目前的建议通常遵循由天文学家创立的非营利组织 "黑暗天空国际"(DarkSky International)制定的负责任的户外照明五项原则。虽然这些原则无疑提高了星星的能见度,但其生态成本和效益仍相对较低。在此,我们回顾了最近有关每项原则对广义昆虫适应性影响的研究。大多数研究都测试了光谱调谐的效果,然后是调暗,尽管这两种缓解方法在实践中似乎普遍无效。与此相反,屏蔽和运动探测器都显示出作为缓解方法的前景,但研究仍然明显不足。尽管如此,大量证据表明,从自然栖息地移除不必要的光源可以扭转光源对不同昆虫类群的不同影响,并对昆虫保护大有裨益。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility of sand fly control based on knowledge of sensory ecology 根据感官生态学知识控制沙蝇的可行性。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101274
David P Tchouassi , Trizah K Milugo , Baldwyn Torto
Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of multiple human pathogens but are well known for enabling transmission of Leishmania parasites, which cause leishmaniasis, the visceral form constituting a serious public health disease and a second parasitic killer in the world after malaria. Sensory ecology shapes sand fly behavior, including host seeking for a blood meal, nectar foraging, oviposition, and reproduction, which directly impacts on disease transmission. As such, knowledge of sand fly sensory ecology, including olfactory and physical (visual, tactile, thermal, and acoustic) cues, is essential to enable their exploitation in the development of novel tools for sand fly surveillance and control. A previous review discussed the chemical ecology of sand flies with a focus on plant feeding (nectar foraging) behavior. Here, we contribute to the existing literature by providing an analysis of the feasibility of using knowledge gained from studies on sand fly sensory ecology for control of the vector.
嗜血沙蝇是多种人类病原体的传播媒介,但以传播利什曼原虫寄生虫而闻名,利什曼原虫寄生虫会引起利什曼病;内脏型利什曼病是一种严重的公共卫生疾病,也是世界上仅次于疟疾的寄生虫杀手。感官生态学影响着沙蝇的行为,包括宿主寻找血食、觅蜜、产卵和繁殖,这些行为直接影响着疾病的传播。因此,了解包括嗅觉和物理(视觉、触觉、热觉和听觉)线索在内的沙蝇感官生态学知识对于开发新型沙蝇监测和控制工具至关重要。之前的一篇综述讨论了沙蝇的化学生态学,重点是植物取食(花蜜觅食)行为。在此,我们分析了利用从沙蝇感官生态学研究中获得的知识控制病媒的可行性,为现有文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Why do repellents repel? 驱虫剂为什么能驱虫?
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101277
Claudio R Lazzari
Repellents are used by humans and by animals to protect themselves from bites, and they contribute controlling the transmission of vector-borne diseases. There are numerous chemical formulations of both natural and synthetic origins, as well as electronic devices, that are commercially available worldwide alleged to provide personal protection against insect bites. Not all insect repellents are effective enough to provide real protection, nor are they considered safe for humans, animals or the environment. There is an urgent need to find novel, nontoxic and environmentally friendly alternatives. However, current efforts in this direction face a major obstacle: our understanding of how they keep away mosquitoes and other biting arthropods remains incomplete. This is also true for DEET, the ‘gold standard’ of repellents and the most widely used since its discovery in the 1940s. This article aims to guide the search for new repellents by discussing our current knowledge and future needs.
人类和动物都使用驱虫剂来保护自己免受叮咬,它们还有助于控制病媒传播疾病。世界上有许多天然和合成的化学制剂以及电子设备在市场上销售,据称它们可以提供个人保护,防止昆虫叮咬。但并非所有驱虫剂都能提供真正有效的保护,它们对人类、动物或环境也不安全。目前迫切需要找到新型、无毒和环保的替代品。然而,目前在这方面的努力面临着一个重大障碍:我们对它们如何驱赶蚊子和其他叮咬性节肢动物的了解仍然不全面。DEET 也是如此,它是驱虫剂的 "黄金标准",自 20 世纪 40 年代被发现以来使用最为广泛。本文旨在通过讨论我们现有的知识和未来的需求,为寻找新的驱蚊剂提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Mosquitoes feeding on ectothermic hosts: from host seeking to pathogen transmission 以体外宿主为食的蚊子:从寻找宿主到病原体传播。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101273
Joanna M Reinhold , Chloé Lahondère
While much research has centered on mosquitoes transmitting pathogens to mammals and birds, several species feed on cold-blooded hosts, including amphibians, reptiles, fish, and various invertebrates. Despite limited knowledge about these alternative feeding habits, delving into their biology offers valuable insights into the evolutionary origins of blood feeding and aids in developing comprehensive epidemiological models for vector-borne diseases. This review sheds light on these ‘alternative’ hosts, highlighting recent discoveries in this field and probing into the evolutionary theories surrounding blood feeding in mosquitoes. Additionally, we delve into the host-seeking cues used by ectotherm-feeding mosquitoes and the physiological and mechanical challenges inherent in feeding on cold-blooded animals, contrasting them with endotherm-feeding mosquitoes. Finally, we examine the pathogens these mosquitoes can transmit. While our understanding of mosquitoes with alternative hosts remains incomplete, this review synthesizes existing knowledge, offering insights into the biology and ecology of mosquito species that target cold-blooded hosts.
虽然许多研究都集中在蚊子向哺乳动物和鸟类传播病原体上,但也有几个物种以冷血宿主为食,包括两栖动物、爬行动物、鱼类和各种无脊椎动物。尽管对这些替代性摄食习性的了解有限,但对其生物学特性的深入研究为了解血液摄食的进化起源提供了宝贵的见解,并有助于开发病媒传播疾病的综合流行病学模型。这篇综述揭示了这些 "另类 "宿主,重点介绍了这一领域的最新发现,并探讨了蚊子吸血的进化理论。此外,我们还深入探讨了外温摄食蚊子寻找宿主的线索,以及在冷血动物身上摄食所固有的生理和机械挑战,并与内温摄食蚊子进行了对比。最后,我们研究了这些蚊子可能传播的病原体。虽然我们对替代宿主的蚊子的了解仍不全面,但这篇综述综合了现有的知识,为以冷血宿主为目标的蚊子物种的生物学和生态学提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial interactions shaping host attractiveness: insights into dynamic behavioral relationships 影响宿主吸引力的微生物相互作用:对动态行为关系的见解。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101275
Hong Zhang , Yibin Zhu , Yibaina Wang , Liping Jiang , Xiaolu Shi , Gong Cheng
Insects discern the presence of hosts (host plants) by integrating chemosensory, gustatory, and visual cues, with olfaction playing a pivotal role in this process. Among these factors, volatile signals produced by host-associated microbial communities significantly affect insect attraction. Microorganisms are widely and abundantly found on the surfaces of humans, plants, and insects. Notably, these microorganisms can metabolize compounds from the host surface and regulate the production of characteristic volatiles, which may guide the use of host microorganisms to modulate insect behavior. Essentially, the attraction of hosts to insects is intricately linked to the presence of their symbiotic microorganisms. This review underscores the critical role of microorganisms in shaping the dynamics of attractiveness between insects and their hosts.
昆虫通过综合化学感觉、味觉和视觉线索来辨别宿主(寄主植物)的存在,其中嗅觉在这一过程中起着关键作用。在这些因素中,寄主相关微生物群落产生的挥发性信号对昆虫的吸引力有很大影响。微生物广泛而大量地存在于人类、植物和昆虫的表面。值得注意的是,这些微生物可以代谢宿主表面的化合物,并调节特征挥发性物质的产生,这可能会引导人们利用宿主微生物来调节昆虫的行为。从根本上说,寄主对昆虫的吸引力与其共生微生物的存在密切相关。这篇综述强调了微生物在塑造昆虫与其宿主之间吸引力动态中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives on the manipulation of mosquito hearing 操纵蚊子听力的视角。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101271
Elizabeth Anna Freeman , David Andrew Ellis , Judit Bagi , Scott Tytheridge , Marta Andrés
Vector control is essential for preventing mosquito-borne diseases. However, different challenges associated with the development of insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptations across mosquito populations means novel control strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, disrupting mosquito mating has emerged as an alternative target of control tools because of its potential to reduce mosquito population numbers. Mosquito mating relies on sophisticated auditory processing for mate finding in many medically important species. Manipulating this key process could provide novel methods for mosquito control.
病媒控制对于预防蚊媒疾病至关重要。然而,与杀虫剂抗药性的发展和蚊子种群的行为适应性相关的不同挑战意味着迫切需要新的控制策略。近年来,干扰蚊子交配因其减少蚊子数量的潜力而成为控制工具的替代目标。在许多具有重要医学价值的物种中,蚊子交配依赖于复杂的听觉处理来寻找配偶。操纵这一关键过程可以提供控制蚊子的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Host–parasitoid food webs in oil palm plantations in Asia 亚洲油棕种植园中的寄主-寄生虫食物网。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101272
Akhmad Rizali , Damayanti Buchori
Oil palm plantations are typically managed as wide monocultures and cover large areas, which can lead to a reduction in biodiversity and the provision of biological control services. However, it is less clear what the factors are and how the management of these plantations affects the biological control services, in particular, the host–parasitoid food webs. Understanding host–parasitoid food webs and the factors influencing species interactions is important for the development of pest management strategies in oil palm plantations. Food webs are critically linked to the stability and function of ecological communities by describing their underlying structure. The variation in the interactions can be different not only between the oil palm plantations within the same landscape but also between different geographical areas. Several factors have an influence on these interactions and should be taken into account in the management of oil palm plantations. This review highlights the host–parasitoid food webs in oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia, and explores the key factors influencing these interactions, providing insights that are critical for developing effective pest management strategies.
油棕种植园通常作为大面积单一种植园进行管理,覆盖面积大,这可能会导致生物多样性减少,生物防治服务的提供也会减少。然而,目前还不太清楚这些种植园的管理如何影响生物防治服务,特别是寄主-寄生虫食物网。了解寄主-寄生虫食物网以及影响物种相互作用的因素,对于制定油棕种植园害虫管理策略非常重要。食物网通过描述生态群落的基本结构,与生态群落的稳定性和功能密切相关。不仅同一地貌下的油棕种植园之间,不同地理区域之间的相互作用也可能不同。有几个因素会对这些相互作用产生影响,在管理油棕种植园时应加以考虑。本综述重点介绍了亚洲(尤其是印度尼西亚)油棕种植园的寄主-寄生虫食物网,并探讨了影响这些相互作用的关键因素,为制定有效的害虫管理策略提供了重要的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Insects and microbes: best friends from the nursery 昆虫和微生物:幼儿园里的好朋友。
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101270
Estelle Chabanol, Mathilde Gendrin
Insects host microbes and interact with them throughout their life cycle. This microbiota is an important, if not essential, partner participating in many aspects of insect physiology. Recent omics studies have contributed to considerable advances in the current understanding of the molecular implications of microbiota during insect development. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying interactions between developing insects and their microbial companions. The microbiota is implicated in nutrition, both via compensating for metabolic pathways lacking in the host and via regulating host metabolism. Furthermore, the microbiota plays a protective role, enhancing the insect’s tolerance to, or resistance against, various environmental stresses.
昆虫寄生微生物,并在整个生命周期中与微生物相互作用。这种微生物群即使不是必不可少的伙伴,也是参与昆虫生理学许多方面的重要伙伴。最近的全息研究大大提高了人们对昆虫发育过程中微生物群分子影响的认识。在这篇综述中,我们将概述目前关于发育中昆虫与其微生物伙伴之间相互作用机制的知识。微生物群通过补偿宿主体内缺乏的新陈代谢途径和调节宿主的新陈代谢参与营养。此外,微生物群还起到保护作用,增强昆虫对各种环境压力的耐受力或抵抗力。
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引用次数: 0
Livestock–vector interaction using volatile organic metabolites 利用挥发性有机代谢物分析牲畜与病媒之间的相互作用
IF 5.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101269
Merid N Getahun

Biological interaction between two organisms living together in a given habitat is essential for healthy ecosystem functionality, got complexity, and exerts an arms race between the interacting organisms. Some vectors are exclusively blood feeders, and others supplement their diet with plant nectar. The feeding dynamics may determine their olfactory system complexity. Arthropod vectors that interact with livestock rely mainly on olfaction. Livestock odor profile is a complex trait and depends on host genetics, microbes, diet, and health status, which highlights its dynamic nature. Furthermore, volatile metabolites are shared between host animals, which exert its own challenge for vectors to find their preferred host. Elucidating the underlying host chemodiversity, especially signature scents, neuroethological mechanism of discrimination of preferred/unpreferred host from plethora of coexisting host is crucial to understand evolution and adaptation in vector–livestock interaction.

共同生活在特定栖息地中的两种生物之间的生物相互作用对生态系统的健康功能和复杂性至关重要,并在相互作用的生物之间展开军备竞赛。一些病媒专门以血为食,另一些则以植物花蜜为辅。摄食动态可能决定了它们嗅觉系统的复杂性。与家畜互动的节肢动物媒介主要依靠嗅觉。家畜的气味特征很复杂,取决于宿主的遗传、微生物、饮食和健康状况,这突出了其动态性质。此外,宿主动物之间共享挥发性代谢物,这给病媒寻找其偏好宿主带来了挑战。阐明宿主潜在的化学多样性,特别是特征性气味,以及从大量共存宿主中分辨首选/非首选宿主的神经伦理学机制,对于理解病媒与家畜相互作用中的进化和适应至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Current opinion in insect science
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