Current opinion in insect science最新文献

英文中文

The hidden players: exogenous (nonendogenous) viruses in parasitoid ecology and biological control 隐性参与者：类寄生虫生态中的外源性（非内源性）病毒和生物防治。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101478

Jesica Pérez-Rodríguez , Luis Hernández-Pelegrín, Salvador Herrero, Laila Gasmi

Parasitoids are essential components of terrestrial ecosystems and key agents in biological pest control. Some species rely on endogenous viruses integrated into their genomes to enhance parasitism success. However, most parasitoids lack these mutualistic viruses and instead carry diverse nonendogenized DNA and RNA viruses, referred to as exogenous, whose roles remain far less understood. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on exogenous viruses associated with parasitoids, including their diversity, transmission, replication strategies, and infection outcomes. Despite the extensive diversity of parasitoids, our review shows that viruses have been characterized in only 34 species, with 62 RNA and 11 double-stranded DNA viruses identified. We also examine the implications of virus–parasitoid–host interactions for ecological dynamics and biological control, emphasizing how viruses may shape host–parasitoid relationships, competition, and pest suppression. Advancing our understanding of these exogenous viruses will provide new insight into virus–host evolution, ecosystem processes, and pest management.

拟寄生物是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，是生物防治害虫的重要手段。一些物种依靠整合到其基因组中的内源性病毒来提高寄生成功率。然而，大多数拟寄生虫缺乏这些共生病毒，而是携带多种非内源性DNA和RNA病毒，称为外源性病毒，其作用仍知之甚少。在这里，我们综合了与类寄生虫相关的外源病毒的现有知识，包括它们的多样性、传播、复制策略和感染结果。尽管类寄生物种类繁多，但我们的综述显示，仅鉴定出34种病毒，其中鉴定出62种RNA病毒和11种双链DNA病毒。我们还研究了病毒-寄生虫-宿主相互作用对生态动力学和生物控制的影响，强调病毒如何塑造宿主-寄生虫关系、竞争和害虫抑制。推进我们对这些外源病毒的理解将为病毒-宿主进化、生态系统过程和害虫管理提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

New avenues in insect heat tolerance: towards an integrative understanding of climate change responses 昆虫耐热性的新途径：对气候变化反应的综合理解。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101476

John S. Terblanche , Chloé Lahondère , Quentin Willot , Nicolas Pichaud

In nature, insect vulnerability to temperature fluctuations is shaped by the frequency, duration, and intensity of microclimatic heat stress they experience, together with their capacity to endure such stress, broadly referred to as heat tolerance. Heat tolerance is the outcome of several physiological processes that induce injury that may ultimately lead to whole-organismal failure and death, and processes counteracting this and facilitating the repair from or prevention of heat injury. This perspective summarizes recent findings and highlights several potentially fruitful avenues through which a more holistic understanding of insect heat stress responses can be achieved. We are of the opinion that further study of mitochondrial mechanisms beyond the classic ‘powerhouse’ paradigm, including a deeper assessment of autophagy flux, may bring fresh insights to several outstanding research questions in insect evolutionary physiology. We therefore call for: i) integration across molecular mechanisms when testing theories of heat tolerance, ii) adopting standardized, transparent approaches across insect taxa (and life-stages) that will facilitate comparative analyses, and iii) a broader integration of experimental assessments of insect heat tolerance within the context of experienced microclimatic conditions.

在自然界中，昆虫对温度波动的脆弱性取决于它们所经历的小气候热应激的频率、持续时间和强度，以及它们承受这种压力的能力，广义上称为耐热性。耐热性是诱导损伤的几个生理过程的结果，这些生理过程最终可能导致整个生物体的衰竭和死亡，而这些过程抵消了这一点，并促进了热损伤的修复或预防。这一观点总结了最近的发现，并强调了几个潜在的富有成效的途径，通过这些途径可以更全面地了解昆虫热应激反应。我们认为，在经典的“动力”范式之外，对线粒体机制的进一步研究，包括对自噬通量的更深入评估，可能会为昆虫进化生理学的几个突出研究问题带来新的见解。因此，我们呼吁：i)在测试耐热性理论时整合跨分子机制；ii)在昆虫分类群（和生命阶段）采用标准化、透明的方法，以促进比较分析；iii)在经验丰富的小气候条件下更广泛地整合昆虫耐热性的实验评估。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding horizons of ecological and evolutionary research in urban heat islands 拓展城市热岛生态与进化研究的视野。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101477

Sarah E Diamond, Ryan A Martin

Because temperature has profound effects on most aspects of an organism’s biology, it is clear that climatic changes will disrupt associations between organisms and their environment. These disruptions increase the risks of population decline and extirpation in the absence of compensatory responses. Although these processes have been explored in the context of global climate change, other sources of change can threaten populations. Cityscapes generally increase environmental temperature through the retention of heat from impervious surfaces, that is, the urban heat island effect. There are now many studies documenting trait responses to urban heat islands through both plastic and evolutionary mechanisms. Similarly, many other studies have linked urban heat islands to changes in insect community structure within the city footprint. Progress in these research areas has relied heavily on theory and empirical foundations from thermal biology. However, despite a burgeoning literature of temperature effects on fundamental processes that generate (epi)genetic variation and eco-evolutionary dynamics and feedbacks across levels of biological organization from genes to ecosystems, there are large knowledge gaps in how urban warming affects these processes. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the effects of urban heat islands on responses at the level of organismal traits and community structure. We then explore recent advances in temperature effects on genetic and epigenetic sources of variation and eco-evolutionary dynamics to highlight the potential for using cities as venues to understand the role of contemporary warming in each process.

由于温度对生物体生物学的大多数方面都有深远的影响，很明显，气候变化将破坏生物体与其环境之间的联系。在缺乏补偿性反应的情况下，这些破坏增加了种群减少和灭绝的风险。虽然这些过程已经在全球气候变化的背景下进行了探索，但其他变化源可能威胁到人口。城市景观通常通过保留不透水表面的热量来提高环境温度，即城市热岛效应。现在有许多研究通过塑料和进化机制记录了对城市热岛的特征反应。同样，许多其他研究将城市热岛与城市足迹内昆虫群落结构的变化联系起来。这些研究领域的进展在很大程度上依赖于热生物学的理论和经验基础。然而，尽管关于温度对产生（epi）遗传变异和生态进化动力学以及从基因到生态系统的跨生物组织水平反馈的基本过程的影响的文献越来越多，但在城市变暖如何影响这些过程方面存在很大的知识空白。本文从生物特征和群落结构两个层面综述了城市热岛效应对生态响应的影响。然后，我们探讨了温度对遗传和表观遗传变异源的影响以及生态进化动力学的最新进展，以强调利用城市作为场所来理解当代变暖在每个过程中的作用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The evolution of queen competitions to boost productivity. 女王竞争的进化是为了提高生产力。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101413

Patrick Kennedy

Several authors have argued that social insect workers may boost colony productivity by selecting the most fertile, healthy, or vigorous queens from pools of competing candidates. This represents an unusual hypothesis for social evolution: group members may gain indirect fitness by cultivating within-group direct fitness competition. I review the status of this hypothesis and highlight key unsolved questions. Recent results from the epiponine wasps of South America underscore the potential for effective comparative analyses. A combination of field experiments, phylogenetics, and game theoretic modelling across diverse social insects is needed to test the plausibility of adaptations fomenting within-group competition to boost productivity.

一些作者认为，群居昆虫工蜂可能通过从竞争的候选者中选择最肥沃、最健康或最具活力的蜂王来提高群体生产力。这代表了社会进化的一个不同寻常的假设：群体成员可能通过培养群体内的直接适应竞争来获得间接适应。我回顾了这一假设的现状，并强调了关键的未解决的问题。最近的结果来自于南美洲的肾上腺碱黄蜂强调了有效比较分析的潜力。需要结合野外实验、系统发育和博弈论模型，对不同的群居昆虫进行研究，以检验群体内竞争促进生产力的适应性的可行性。

引用次数: 0

Sex determination gene Doublesex in hemimetabolous insects. 半代谢昆虫的两性决定基因。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101412

Kokuto Fujiwara, Satoshi Miyazaki, Kiyoto Maekawa

Sexual differentiation is a fundamental process in animals, which, in insects, is dependent on sex determination gene cascades rather than sex hormones. Notably, gene transcriptional regulation by the sex-determining gene Doublesex (Dsx), which encodes a transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in sexual differentiation among different insect species. Although its function is well conserved in holometabolous insects, it has undergone gradual evolutionary changes in hemimetabolous insects. In this review, we examine the male-specific role of Dsx in hemimetabolous insects by tracing its evolutionary trajectory based on recent findings. In particular, we focus on silverleaf whiteflies and termites, in which Dsx has undergone notable evolutionary modification, thereby highlighting their unique characteristics.

性别分化是动物的一个基本过程，昆虫的性别分化依赖于性别决定基因级联，而不是性激素。值得注意的是，性别决定基因双性（Dsx）的基因转录调控在不同昆虫物种的性别分化中起着关键作用，该基因编码一种转录因子。虽然它的功能在全代谢昆虫中保存得很好，但在半代谢昆虫中却发生了逐渐的进化变化。在本文中，我们根据最近的研究结果，通过追踪其进化轨迹来研究Dsx在半代谢昆虫中的雄性特异性作用。我们特别关注了银叶白蝇和白蚁，其中Dsx发生了显著的进化修饰，从而突出了它们的独特特征。

引用次数: 0

Engineering new clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated population control for tephritid pests. 新型crispr介导的鼠瘟虫种群控制技术

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101415

Serafima Davydova, Angela Meccariello

Tephritid fruit flies threaten the agricultural industry with a rising intensity on a worldwide scale. The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in insects has resulted in a current boost of CRISPR studies in tephritid pests. One of the primary pathways toward more efficient population management lies in genetic improvements to the Sterile Insect Technique. Herein, we review the pivotal advances in CRISPR application in non-model tephritid fruit flies in recent years. This consists of proof-of-principle studies to optimise CRISPR tools, applications for female elimination and male sterility, and the existing CRISPR-based systems for population control.

在世界范围内，伤寒果蝇对农业的威胁日益严重。聚类规则间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）在昆虫中的应用导致了目前在绦虫害虫中的CRISPR研究的推动。实现更有效种群管理的主要途径之一是对昆虫不育技术进行遗传改进。本文就近年来CRISPR在非模式伤寒果蝇中的应用进展进行综述。这包括优化CRISPR工具的原理验证研究，用于消除女性和男性不育的应用，以及现有的基于CRISPR的人口控制系统。

引用次数: 0

To each their own: the diversity of primary sex determination signals in insects. 各取所需：昆虫主要性别决定信号的多样性。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101414

Filippo Guerra, Eveline C Verhulst

In insects, sex is defined via a cascade of signals constituted by an initial primary signal, an autoregulatory signal, and an actuator that causes sexual differentiation. The cascade is conserved at the level of the actuator, Doublesex, whilst primary signals are hypervariable. These primary sex-determination signals evolve and diversify under the pressure of environmental and genomic forces and within the context of the diverse insect sex-determination systems. We report the known primary sex-determination signals and provide an overview of the forces that drive their evolution. We highlight that closely related species can have different primary sex determination signals, yet these are often functionally conserved in either kick-starting (loop starters) or interrupting (loop breakers) the default sex determination cascade.

在昆虫中，性别是通过一系列信号来定义的，这些信号由一个初始的初级信号、一个自动调节信号和一个导致性别分化的致动器组成。级联在执行器的水平上是保守的，双性的，而主信号是超变量的。这些主要的性别决定信号在环境和基因组力量的压力下以及在多种昆虫性别决定系统的背景下进化和多样化。我们报告了已知的主要性别决定信号，并提供了推动其进化的力量的概述。我们强调，近亲物种可能有不同的主要性别决定信号，但这些信号通常在启动（循环启动者）或中断（循环断路器）默认性别决定级联中功能保守。

引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Social insects (2024) 群居昆虫（2024）。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101466

Axel Brockmann , Xin Zhou

引用次数: 0

The expanding toolkit of insect cell culture: a new era in biotechnology 昆虫细胞培养的扩展工具包：生物技术的新时代。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101465

Surjeet Kumar Arya , Cynthia L Goodman , Subba Reddy Palli

Insect cell culture has become an essential platform in modern biotechnology, valued for its safety, scalability, and ability to perform complex post-translational modifications. This review highlights the latest and most important advances in the field. We focus on efforts at developing and engineering new insect cell lines, innovations in expression systems, especially the baculovirus expression vector system and the transformative impact of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Additionally, we explore breakthroughs that improve the efficiency of recombinant protein production and discuss key challenges such as viral contamination and expression instability. Collectively, these developments mark an important step forward in insect cell biotechnology and are expected to enhance the efficiency and scalability of producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. Together, these innovations illustrate a transition from cataloging cell line development to understanding the mechanisms and engineering principles driving these advances. This review not only summarizes recent progress but also provides perspective on how foundational lepidopteran models have guided innovations now extending into dipteran, hemipteran, and hymenopteran systems, shaping the future of insect biotechnology.

昆虫细胞培养已成为现代生物技术的重要平台，因其安全性、可扩展性和执行复杂翻译后修饰的能力而受到重视。这篇综述突出了该领域最新和最重要的进展。我们专注于开发和设计新的昆虫细胞系，创新表达系统，特别是杆状病毒表达载体系统（BEVS）以及基于CRISPR/ cas9的基因组编辑的变革性影响。此外，我们探索了提高重组蛋白生产效率的突破，并讨论了病毒污染和表达不稳定性等关键挑战。总的来说，这些发展标志着昆虫细胞生物技术向前迈出了重要一步，预计将提高生产疫苗和生物药品的效率和可扩展性。总之，这些创新说明了从编目细胞系发展到理解推动这些进步的机制和工程原理的转变。这篇综述不仅总结了最近的进展，而且提供了关于鳞翅目基础模型如何引导创新扩展到双翅目、半翅目和膜翅目系统的观点，塑造昆虫生物技术的未来。

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引用次数: 0

Epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in host–endosymbiont interactions: insights from Wolbachia and beyond 宿主-内共生体相互作用中的表观遗传学和非编码rna：来自沃尔巴克氏体及其他的见解。

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 BIOLOGY

Current opinion in insect science

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2025.101464

Elisa Dell’Aglio , Mariana G Ferrarini , Rita Rebollo

Symbioses are widespread in nature and are among major evolutionary forces. Insects have recurrently established intracellular symbioses with bacteria, balancing between immune responses and homeostasis. The processes involved in endosymbiosis establishment, maintenance, and control have recently been associated with epigenetic pathways and non-coding RNAs, which are known to regulate a wide range of cellular processes, including development, differentiation, immune response, and metabolism. Using the well-studied Wolbachia–Aedes aegypti model as a reference, we summarize how these mechanisms influence host gene expression, endosymbiont maintenance, and antiviral defence. Beyond Wolbachia, only a few examples have provided functional evidence of the role of epigenetics in regulating natural insect–bacteria associations. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that epigenetic factors can act as mediators of host–endosymbiont coordination; however, determining if such factors are drivers or by-products of symbiosis establishment will require further investigation

共生现象在自然界广泛存在，是主要的进化力量之一。昆虫经常与细菌建立细胞内共生关系，在免疫反应和体内平衡之间取得平衡。参与内共生建立、维持和控制的过程最近与表观遗传途径和非编码rna有关，它们调节广泛的细胞过程，包括发育、分化、免疫反应和代谢。以研究充分的沃尔巴克氏体-埃及伊蚊模型为参考，我们总结了这些机制如何影响宿主基因表达、内共生维持和抗病毒防御。除了沃尔巴克氏菌，只有少数例子提供了表观遗传学在调节天然昆虫-细菌关联中的作用的功能证据。综上所述，这些研究表明表观遗传因素可以作为宿主-内共生体协调的媒介；然而，确定这些因素是共生建立的驱动因素还是副产品还需要进一步的研究。

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