Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108702
H. M. Al-Khafaji, S. Aljunid, H. Fadhil
In this paper, we evaluate the spectral efficiency of unipolar spectral-amplitude coding optical code-division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system operating with incoherent sources in the present of intensity, shot, and receiver thermal noises. The spectral efficiency achievable by four SAC codes such as Hadamard, modified quadratic congruence (MQC), balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) and zero cross-correlation (ZCC) is evaluated and compared against the number of active users and code length for a bit error rate (BER) of 10−10. Analytical results indicated that ZCC code can support more users and leads to the best achievable spectral efficiency than other SAC codes considered. Moreover, the effect of shot and receiver thermal noise degrades the SAC-OCDMA system performance, e.g., when the number of users equal to 80, ZCC has 1.8 dB spectral efficiency penalty by considering these noises as additional to intensity noise.
{"title":"Spectral efficiency of unipolar SAC-OCDMA system considering noise effects","authors":"H. M. Al-Khafaji, S. Aljunid, H. Fadhil","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108702","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we evaluate the spectral efficiency of unipolar spectral-amplitude coding optical code-division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system operating with incoherent sources in the present of intensity, shot, and receiver thermal noises. The spectral efficiency achievable by four SAC codes such as Hadamard, modified quadratic congruence (MQC), balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) and zero cross-correlation (ZCC) is evaluated and compared against the number of active users and code length for a bit error rate (BER) of 10−10. Analytical results indicated that ZCC code can support more users and leads to the best achievable spectral efficiency than other SAC codes considered. Moreover, the effect of shot and receiver thermal noise degrades the SAC-OCDMA system performance, e.g., when the number of users equal to 80, ZCC has 1.8 dB spectral efficiency penalty by considering these noises as additional to intensity noise.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125376952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108721
N. Md Nor, A. Ibrahim, N. M. Bunnori, S. Shahidan, S. N. M. Saliah
Relationship between acoustic emission (AE) signal strength and damage evaluation has been reviewed. Several case studies have been referred to get information on that relationship. The notion or any opinion relates to the case study also had been discussed. Reviews of AE signal strength relate to damage evaluation of reinforced concrete structure and other materials are significantly useful for newly researchers.
{"title":"Relationship between acoustic emission signal strength and damage evaluation of reinforced concrete structure: Case studies","authors":"N. Md Nor, A. Ibrahim, N. M. Bunnori, S. Shahidan, S. N. M. Saliah","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108721","url":null,"abstract":"Relationship between acoustic emission (AE) signal strength and damage evaluation has been reviewed. Several case studies have been referred to get information on that relationship. The notion or any opinion relates to the case study also had been discussed. Reviews of AE signal strength relate to damage evaluation of reinforced concrete structure and other materials are significantly useful for newly researchers.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"54 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116781531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108726
Ehsan Moomivand, E. Abolfazli
Shape recognition plays an important role in machine vision applications. The effective recognition algorithm should be less complicated and more accurate. In this paper, a structural descriptor for shape recognition is presented which has less complexity and more accuracy comparing with existing algorithms. Obviously, the boundary of shape is an important property in shape representation and description. In proposed method, the centroid of shape is considered as a basic point. Then, two structural properties such as distance and angles between the centroid and shape contour are calculated. Finally, by combining these two structural features, a new Feature-Space is constructed. The proposed shape descriptor can measure periodical, smoothness and symmetry of shapes and can be used as a modified method for shape recognition.
{"title":"A modified structural method for shape recognition","authors":"Ehsan Moomivand, E. Abolfazli","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108726","url":null,"abstract":"Shape recognition plays an important role in machine vision applications. The effective recognition algorithm should be less complicated and more accurate. In this paper, a structural descriptor for shape recognition is presented which has less complexity and more accuracy comparing with existing algorithms. Obviously, the boundary of shape is an important property in shape representation and description. In proposed method, the centroid of shape is considered as a basic point. Then, two structural properties such as distance and angles between the centroid and shape contour are calculated. Finally, by combining these two structural features, a new Feature-Space is constructed. The proposed shape descriptor can measure periodical, smoothness and symmetry of shapes and can be used as a modified method for shape recognition.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116450721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An automatic biomedical acquisition system for hospital registration is proposed. The system consists of the guide system, the acquisition device and the biomedical measuring devices. The guide system installed in control unit facilitates user to interact with the system properly. An acquisition device (Hub) is used to acquire data from attached measuring devices through RS-232 ports and then transfers measured information to the control unit. Several measuring devices are attached to the Hub including the height meter that we have developed based on an ultrasonic sensor. In the experiment section, the accuracies of both the Hub and the height meter were performed. The results showed the excellent transmission reliability of the Hub and the accurate measurement of the height using our height meter.
{"title":"An automatic biomedical acquisition system for hospital registration","authors":"S. Kittipiyakul, Sarot Charoenkul, Wuthipong Pornsukjantra, Phubate Udomsaph, Jaroenmit Woradet, Vittaya Plongmai, Seksun Sartsatit","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108804","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic biomedical acquisition system for hospital registration is proposed. The system consists of the guide system, the acquisition device and the biomedical measuring devices. The guide system installed in control unit facilitates user to interact with the system properly. An acquisition device (Hub) is used to acquire data from attached measuring devices through RS-232 ports and then transfers measured information to the control unit. Several measuring devices are attached to the Hub including the height meter that we have developed based on an ultrasonic sensor. In the experiment section, the accuracies of both the Hub and the height meter were performed. The results showed the excellent transmission reliability of the Hub and the accurate measurement of the height using our height meter.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115747940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108679
S. Ridha, S. Irawan, B. Ariwahjoedi
Electrical conductivity measurements have been widely used in characterizing the cementitious materials. In mature stages, the influence of interface conductivity to the overall conduction was relatively small. However, its contribution during early hydration is still questionable. This paper calculated the interface conductivity during the first 24 hrs of hydration at elevated temperature and pressure up to 65°C and 3000 psi. The effect of elevated temperature to conductivity measurement is successfully corrected. Johnson equation is employed to predict the interface conductivity of pore-solid particles. The microstructural parameters that are used in the equation are estimated from the proposed particle expansion model. These calculation outcomes have a good agreement compared to the MIP measurements. The results showed that the interface conductivity grew slightly with the progress of drying. Its contribution to the bulk conductivity is relatively very small of about factor 6 in orders of magnitude. Hence, the influence of interface conductivity to the overall conduction might be disregarded during cement's early hydration.
{"title":"Prediction of interface conductivity of cement slurry during early hydration considering the effect of curing temperature and pressure","authors":"S. Ridha, S. Irawan, B. Ariwahjoedi","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108679","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical conductivity measurements have been widely used in characterizing the cementitious materials. In mature stages, the influence of interface conductivity to the overall conduction was relatively small. However, its contribution during early hydration is still questionable. This paper calculated the interface conductivity during the first 24 hrs of hydration at elevated temperature and pressure up to 65°C and 3000 psi. The effect of elevated temperature to conductivity measurement is successfully corrected. Johnson equation is employed to predict the interface conductivity of pore-solid particles. The microstructural parameters that are used in the equation are estimated from the proposed particle expansion model. These calculation outcomes have a good agreement compared to the MIP measurements. The results showed that the interface conductivity grew slightly with the progress of drying. Its contribution to the bulk conductivity is relatively very small of about factor 6 in orders of magnitude. Hence, the influence of interface conductivity to the overall conduction might be disregarded during cement's early hydration.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125984112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108794
M. Rashid, N. A. Rashid, A. Farouq, M. Ataur Rahman
The elevator technologies are developed to serve the requested passenger's floors with high consideration of passengers' satisfaction and elevator optimal performance. Responding to the issue, this paper focuses on development of an elevator group controller based on fuzzy algorithm. By introducing a fuzzy controller in an elevator system, this system is developed to manage the required passenger traffic density keeping passenger waiting times within reasonable limits. To increase the performance of the elevator group three major linguistic variables are introduced within a set of fuzzy rules. These include the average waiting time (AWT), power consumption (PC), and floor traffic (FT). When the passenger traffic is high, the low fuzzy control values reduce the importance of priority of floors rather the estimated arrival time is to be minimized. The simulation was accomplished to check the priority of fuzzy system graphically while the actual prototype of elevator system is programmed by PIC device as a controller. As a result a set of fuzzy rules was drawn based on practical considerations; mainly minimization of waiting time and energy consumption. When a few hall requests are registered, the elevator controller will decide which one of the elevators will serve which of the incoming hall requests. In order to manifest the work with actual elevator service, a computer simulation of a four-cars-elevator controller in a twenty storied building is accomplished by using MATLAB™ fuzzy logic toolbox and implements the prototype experimental model of a 3 car 4 storied.
{"title":"Design and implementation of fuzzy based controller for modern elevator group","authors":"M. Rashid, N. A. Rashid, A. Farouq, M. Ataur Rahman","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108794","url":null,"abstract":"The elevator technologies are developed to serve the requested passenger's floors with high consideration of passengers' satisfaction and elevator optimal performance. Responding to the issue, this paper focuses on development of an elevator group controller based on fuzzy algorithm. By introducing a fuzzy controller in an elevator system, this system is developed to manage the required passenger traffic density keeping passenger waiting times within reasonable limits. To increase the performance of the elevator group three major linguistic variables are introduced within a set of fuzzy rules. These include the average waiting time (AWT), power consumption (PC), and floor traffic (FT). When the passenger traffic is high, the low fuzzy control values reduce the importance of priority of floors rather the estimated arrival time is to be minimized. The simulation was accomplished to check the priority of fuzzy system graphically while the actual prototype of elevator system is programmed by PIC device as a controller. As a result a set of fuzzy rules was drawn based on practical considerations; mainly minimization of waiting time and energy consumption. When a few hall requests are registered, the elevator controller will decide which one of the elevators will serve which of the incoming hall requests. In order to manifest the work with actual elevator service, a computer simulation of a four-cars-elevator controller in a twenty storied building is accomplished by using MATLAB™ fuzzy logic toolbox and implements the prototype experimental model of a 3 car 4 storied.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125897847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108757
Y. Kung, Pingguo Huang, F. Su, Tain-Song Chen
With the characteristics of convenience and mobility, electric standing wheelchairs (ESW) enable patients to freely move and stand up. Being extensively utilized, electric wheelchairs have already been one of the indispensable medical rehabilitation devices. Without doubt, the increase of standing function on electric wheelchairs would be further beneficial to patients. The controller system of the ESW is mainly based on the SoPC (System on a Programmable Chip) constructed by FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and one Nios II processor produced by Altera company. The electric wheels are built up by two DC rim motors while the standing frame is composed of a linear motion mechanism and a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism. The motion controller IC is realized by PDL with the function of standing frame and two DC rim motors' speed control. The controller of standing frame consists of one motor drive and four channels of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal outputs. Therefore, the necessary all digital drive controller of ESW is realized in one FPGA. This ESW enable not only the two-wheel machine to locate, synchronize, turn left or right, move forward or backward, brake and stop, but also the standing frame to lift and fall. Finally, this work completes one experiment system including a FPGA board, three converters, one two-wheel drive standing wheelchair platform that further evidences both the effectiveness and accuracy of the FPGA-based motion controller for ESW.
电动站立式轮椅(ESW)具有方便、移动方便的特点，使患者能够自由地移动和站立。电动轮椅被广泛使用，已经成为不可缺少的医疗康复设备之一。毫无疑问，增加电动轮椅的站立功能将进一步有利于患者。ESW的控制器系统主要基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和Altera公司生产的Nios II处理器构成的SoPC (system on a Programmable Chip)。电动轮由两个直流轮缘电机组成，站立架由一个直线运动机构和一个并联四杆连杆机构组成。运动控制器IC由PDL实现，具有立架和两个直流边缘电机的调速功能。站立架控制器由一个电机驱动和四路PWM(脉宽调制)信号输出组成。因此，在一个FPGA上实现了ESW所需的全数字驱动控制器。该ESW不仅使两轮机器能够定位，同步，向左或向右转，向前或向后移动，制动和停止，而且还可以使站立框架升降。最后，完成了一个包含FPGA板、三个转换器、一个两轮驱动站立轮椅平台的实验系统，进一步验证了基于FPGA的ESW运动控制器的有效性和准确性。
{"title":"Realization of an FPGA-based Motion control system for electric standing wheelchairs","authors":"Y. Kung, Pingguo Huang, F. Su, Tain-Song Chen","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108757","url":null,"abstract":"With the characteristics of convenience and mobility, electric standing wheelchairs (ESW) enable patients to freely move and stand up. Being extensively utilized, electric wheelchairs have already been one of the indispensable medical rehabilitation devices. Without doubt, the increase of standing function on electric wheelchairs would be further beneficial to patients. The controller system of the ESW is mainly based on the SoPC (System on a Programmable Chip) constructed by FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and one Nios II processor produced by Altera company. The electric wheels are built up by two DC rim motors while the standing frame is composed of a linear motion mechanism and a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism. The motion controller IC is realized by PDL with the function of standing frame and two DC rim motors' speed control. The controller of standing frame consists of one motor drive and four channels of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal outputs. Therefore, the necessary all digital drive controller of ESW is realized in one FPGA. This ESW enable not only the two-wheel machine to locate, synchronize, turn left or right, move forward or backward, brake and stop, but also the standing frame to lift and fall. Finally, this work completes one experiment system including a FPGA board, three converters, one two-wheel drive standing wheelchair platform that further evidences both the effectiveness and accuracy of the FPGA-based motion controller for ESW.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124123479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108796
R. Radzuan, A. Abdul Majeed, M. K. Mohd Salleh, M. K. Hamzah
It is known that the particulate size distribution is one of the most important characteristics for the evaluation of the stability of colloidal systems. Therefore, the particulate size parameters and polydispersity index (PDI) were evaluated immediately after the production of the nanosuspensions by wet nanomilling, and also at 1 week to 6 weeks of storage (when feasible) under three different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C) to monitor physical stability (particle growth). The systems remained in their colloidal particulate size range (< 1 um) for nanoparticulate drugs were observed. The PDIs of nanoparticulate drugs were obtained at below 1.0.
{"title":"Study on the stability of nanodrugs using particulate growth technique","authors":"R. Radzuan, A. Abdul Majeed, M. K. Mohd Salleh, M. K. Hamzah","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108796","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that the particulate size distribution is one of the most important characteristics for the evaluation of the stability of colloidal systems. Therefore, the particulate size parameters and polydispersity index (PDI) were evaluated immediately after the production of the nanosuspensions by wet nanomilling, and also at 1 week to 6 weeks of storage (when feasible) under three different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C) to monitor physical stability (particle growth). The systems remained in their colloidal particulate size range (< 1 um) for nanoparticulate drugs were observed. The PDIs of nanoparticulate drugs were obtained at below 1.0.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132180504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108785
M. S. Salim, M. F. Abd Malek, R.B.W. Heng, N. Sabri Salim
The effect of internally resonance at silicon substrate in capacitive micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer presented using Experimental and theoretical calculation. This ringing is clearly observed in immersion transducers with 4.2 MHz. A mathematical analytical model of the attenuation yield by ringing effective and simulation has been introduced. Experimental results are further compared to simulations carried out in time-domain and qualitative agreement is evidence. The insights gained from the simulations and experiments will be use to improve the analytic echoscope. The capacitive micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer whose ringing mode is successfully eliminated with backing layer.
{"title":"Internal ringing effect in capacitive micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer","authors":"M. S. Salim, M. F. Abd Malek, R.B.W. Heng, N. Sabri Salim","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108785","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of internally resonance at silicon substrate in capacitive micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer presented using Experimental and theoretical calculation. This ringing is clearly observed in immersion transducers with 4.2 MHz. A mathematical analytical model of the attenuation yield by ringing effective and simulation has been introduced. Experimental results are further compared to simulations carried out in time-domain and qualitative agreement is evidence. The insights gained from the simulations and experiments will be use to improve the analytic echoscope. The capacitive micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer whose ringing mode is successfully eliminated with backing layer.","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"458 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132862974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-22DOI: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108817
N. Khairudin, M. Idros, F. N. Osman, H. Hashim, S. Junid
Nowadays, the pollution of environment caused by used engine oil became one of the current global issues. One quart of oil can create a two-acre sized oil slick, and a gallon of oil can pollute a million gallons of fresh water. Some studies said that oil pollution caused 20 years for the environment to recover to its original condition [1]. This paper proposes a study on the quality of engine oil where the aim is to find the exact time to change the engine oil. The sample of used engine oil was taken from motorbike where the number of motorbike on the road was increased rapidly in town. The study was focused on the spectroscopy approaches where percentage of reflectance intensity was measured using MCS600 ZEISS Spectrometer. The data was summed up by a line graph and was verified using statistic approach called Student t-Test. The result shows that the more mileage of engine running will reduce reflectance intensity
{"title":"Assessment of non-destructive test and hypothesis techniques in monitoring lubricant's condition","authors":"N. Khairudin, M. Idros, F. N. Osman, H. Hashim, S. Junid","doi":"10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108817","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the pollution of environment caused by used engine oil became one of the current global issues. One quart of oil can create a two-acre sized oil slick, and a gallon of oil can pollute a million gallons of fresh water. Some studies said that oil pollution caused 20 years for the environment to recover to its original condition [1]. This paper proposes a study on the quality of engine oil where the aim is to find the exact time to change the engine oil. The sample of used engine oil was taken from motorbike where the number of motorbike on the road was increased rapidly in town. The study was focused on the spectroscopy approaches where percentage of reflectance intensity was measured using MCS600 ZEISS Spectrometer. The data was summed up by a line graph and was verified using statistic approach called Student t-Test. The result shows that the more mileage of engine running will reduce reflectance intensity","PeriodicalId":110449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130991665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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