E. V. Yanshin, S. Korobeynikov, I. T. Ovchinnikov, S. Sarin, K. V. Yanshin, V. Kopylov, A. Klepikov
Our study is intended to increase the energy density of liquid dielectric energy storage to about 1 MJ per cubic meter in large volumes of liquids with charging times up to 50-100 /spl mu/s. To accomplish this, we studied different physical processes limiting the pulse energy density in liquid dielectrics.
{"title":"Physical processes limiting the pulse energy release in liquid dielectrics","authors":"E. V. Yanshin, S. Korobeynikov, I. T. Ovchinnikov, S. Sarin, K. V. Yanshin, V. Kopylov, A. Klepikov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596712","url":null,"abstract":"Our study is intended to increase the energy density of liquid dielectric energy storage to about 1 MJ per cubic meter in large volumes of liquids with charging times up to 50-100 /spl mu/s. To accomplish this, we studied different physical processes limiting the pulse energy density in liquid dielectrics.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"574-579 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73812239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bowers, A. Greene, G. Nakafuji, D. Peterson, N. Roderick
Point mass calculations are used to model switched implosions on several pulsed power machines. The model includes a lumped circuit representation of the pulsed power source. A simple switching model is used to describe a standard plasma flow switch. Implosion kinetic energies are obtained at a convergence ratio of 20 to 1. Heuristic arguments are used to estimate the plasma temperature at pinch, the total X-ray output and the radiation pulse width. Switched models are presented for Pegasus II, Shiva Star, Procyon and Atlas.
{"title":"How do plasma flow switches scale with current? Issues in the 6 MA to 30 MA regime","authors":"R. Bowers, A. Greene, G. Nakafuji, D. Peterson, N. Roderick","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.599769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.599769","url":null,"abstract":"Point mass calculations are used to model switched implosions on several pulsed power machines. The model includes a lumped circuit representation of the pulsed power source. A simple switching model is used to describe a standard plasma flow switch. Implosion kinetic energies are obtained at a convergence ratio of 20 to 1. Heuristic arguments are used to estimate the plasma temperature at pinch, the total X-ray output and the radiation pulse width. Switched models are presented for Pegasus II, Shiva Star, Procyon and Atlas.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"1148-1153 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73909542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on the progress of an investigation into improving the performance of ozone generators. This has involved the introduction of pulsed power techniques in order to develop ways in which the delicate dielectric barrier, which is so often the cause of failures in conventional ozone generators, can be removed. A feasibility study of pulsed ozone generation has been carried out in order to identify the role of the main electrical parameters upon ozone production. A figure of merit of an ozone generator is the efficiency of ozone production, given in g/kWh, and this has been measured against gas pressure, gas flow rate, the magnitude and polarity of the voltage pulse, the pulse repetition frequency, electrode configuration, pulse length and pulse shape.
{"title":"Ozone synthesis in oxygen in a dielectric barrier free configuration","authors":"I. Chalmers, L. Zanella, S. Macgregor","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.599787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.599787","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the progress of an investigation into improving the performance of ozone generators. This has involved the introduction of pulsed power techniques in order to develop ways in which the delicate dielectric barrier, which is so often the cause of failures in conventional ozone generators, can be removed. A feasibility study of pulsed ozone generation has been carried out in order to identify the role of the main electrical parameters upon ozone production. A figure of merit of an ozone generator is the efficiency of ozone production, given in g/kWh, and this has been measured against gas pressure, gas flow rate, the magnitude and polarity of the voltage pulse, the pulse repetition frequency, electrode configuration, pulse length and pulse shape.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"131 1","pages":"1249-1254 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73952387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grothaus, R. K. Hutcherson, R. Korzekwa, R. Brown, M. Ingram, R. Roush, S. E. Beck, M. George, R. Pearce, R. Ridgeway
A pulsed corona reactor (PCR) has been investigated for the abatement of a variety of hazardous gaseous compounds including volatile organic compounds, chlorofluorocarbons, perfluorinated compounds and oxides of nitrogen. In this technique, a series of fast-risetime, high-voltage pulses are applied to a wire-cylinder geometry resulting in a plethora of streamer discharges within an atmospheric pressure flowing gas volume. This nonthermal plasma can be particularly effective in treating dilute concentrations of pollutant compounds where power consumption is of prime concern. Such conditions exist in a variety of situations including chemical warfare threat scenarios, semiconductor processing, and mobile sources. In order to assess the value of such a technology as a solution to practical applications, a complete analysis of reactor operation must be performed, including "wall-plug" efficiency and by-product identification. The results of a series of such experiments as well as future directions and areas of concern are presented.
{"title":"Gaseous effluent treatment using a pulsed corona discharge","authors":"M. Grothaus, R. K. Hutcherson, R. Korzekwa, R. Brown, M. Ingram, R. Roush, S. E. Beck, M. George, R. Pearce, R. Ridgeway","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596468","url":null,"abstract":"A pulsed corona reactor (PCR) has been investigated for the abatement of a variety of hazardous gaseous compounds including volatile organic compounds, chlorofluorocarbons, perfluorinated compounds and oxides of nitrogen. In this technique, a series of fast-risetime, high-voltage pulses are applied to a wire-cylinder geometry resulting in a plethora of streamer discharges within an atmospheric pressure flowing gas volume. This nonthermal plasma can be particularly effective in treating dilute concentrations of pollutant compounds where power consumption is of prime concern. Such conditions exist in a variety of situations including chemical warfare threat scenarios, semiconductor processing, and mobile sources. In order to assess the value of such a technology as a solution to practical applications, a complete analysis of reactor operation must be performed, including \"wall-plug\" efficiency and by-product identification. The results of a series of such experiments as well as future directions and areas of concern are presented.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"124-132 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85195867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The US Navy has been developing electrothermal-chemical (ETC) gun system technologies since 1990 for use in ship self-defense and surface fire support missions. Emphasis has been placed on the capacitor-based pulse forming network (PFN) as the primary means of energy storage and pulse shaping. Defining and understanding the electrical and mechanical performance characteristics of high energy density capacitors is critical for both the PFN designer and overall weapons system engineering. Aerovox Type LM power capacitors (2.4 MJ/m/sup 3/) were evaluated under the projected Navy operating scenarios, including rep-rate and burst modes. The Aerovox Type LM capacitors, first used in the US Army 8.5 MJ Pulsed Power Module in 1991, are known to be nonlinear with respect to capacitance and voltage. Additionally, the charge/discharge efficiency is known to be lower for this capacitor than for other, lower energy density capacitors. The life characteristics of the capacitor have been established under normal operating conditions. This paper discusses the performance of the Aerovox Type LM capacitors in both normal and fault mode conditions. The parameters discussed include temperature variations, voltage reversal and peak current performance. Thermal stability and fault mode performance for the power capacitor is also defined.
{"title":"Characterization of high energy density capacitors under projected US Navy ETC gun operating conditions","authors":"G. Grater, F. Macdougall, M. Hudis, X.H. Yang","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596572","url":null,"abstract":"The US Navy has been developing electrothermal-chemical (ETC) gun system technologies since 1990 for use in ship self-defense and surface fire support missions. Emphasis has been placed on the capacitor-based pulse forming network (PFN) as the primary means of energy storage and pulse shaping. Defining and understanding the electrical and mechanical performance characteristics of high energy density capacitors is critical for both the PFN designer and overall weapons system engineering. Aerovox Type LM power capacitors (2.4 MJ/m/sup 3/) were evaluated under the projected Navy operating scenarios, including rep-rate and burst modes. The Aerovox Type LM capacitors, first used in the US Army 8.5 MJ Pulsed Power Module in 1991, are known to be nonlinear with respect to capacitance and voltage. Additionally, the charge/discharge efficiency is known to be lower for this capacitor than for other, lower energy density capacitors. The life characteristics of the capacitor have been established under normal operating conditions. This paper discusses the performance of the Aerovox Type LM capacitors in both normal and fault mode conditions. The parameters discussed include temperature variations, voltage reversal and peak current performance. Thermal stability and fault mode performance for the power capacitor is also defined.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"509-514 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85450303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this paper is to introduce some identification and control systems concepts to the field of high power microwave (HPM) tubes. These concepts are well known to the control systems community, but have not yet been fully exploited within the HPM community. The simpler mathematical approach used is contrasted with the more physical modeling, using first principles and advocated by experimental results. The paper also reports on a preliminary application of these ideas to the Sinus-6 electron beam accelerator. We present simulation results which show that a simple nonlinear model using static neural networks is sufficient to accurately model the input/output behavior of the Sinus-6 driven backward wave oscillator (BWO).
{"title":"Identification and control methods for high power electron beam-driven microwave tubes","authors":"C. Abdallah, W. Yang, E. Schamiloglu, L. Moreland","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596800","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to introduce some identification and control systems concepts to the field of high power microwave (HPM) tubes. These concepts are well known to the control systems community, but have not yet been fully exploited within the HPM community. The simpler mathematical approach used is contrasted with the more physical modeling, using first principles and advocated by experimental results. The paper also reports on a preliminary application of these ideas to the Sinus-6 electron beam accelerator. We present simulation results which show that a simple nonlinear model using static neural networks is sufficient to accurately model the input/output behavior of the Sinus-6 driven backward wave oscillator (BWO).","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"711-716 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81893027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Goforth, B. Anderson, W. E. Anderson, W.L. Atchinson, E. Bartram, J. Benage, R. Bowers, J. Brownell, C. Findley, C. Fowler, O. Garcia, G.J. Heltne, D. Herrera, T. Herrera, M. Hockaday, G. Idzorek, J. King, I. Lindemuth, E. Lopez, S. Marsh, E. C. Martinez, W. Matuska, G.T. Nakafuji, M. Thompson, H. Oona, D. Peterson, R. Reinovsky, M. Rich, J. Shlachter, K.D. Sowder, J. Stokes, L.J. Tabaka, D. Torres, L. Veeser, M. Yapuncich
The Procyon high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) system was designed to drive plasma Z-pinch experiments that produce Megajoule soft X-ray pulses when the plasma stagnates on axis. In the proceedings of the Ninth IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, the authors published results from system development tests. At this time, they have fielded seven tests in which the focus was on either vacuum switching or load physics. Four of the tests concentrated on the performance of a plasma flow switch (PFS) which employed a l/r mass distribution in the PFS barrel. Of the four tests, two had dummy loads and one had an implosion load. In addition, one of the tests broke down near the vacuum dielectric interface, and the result demonstrated what Procyon could deliver to an 18 nH load. The authors summarize PFS results and the 18 nH test which is pertinent to upcoming solid/liquid liner experiments. On their other three tests, they eliminated the PFS switching and powered the Z-pinch directly with the HEPP system. From the best of these direct drive tests, they obtained 1.5 MJ of radiation in a 250 ns pulse, their best radiation pulse to date. They also summarize direct drive test results. More details are given in other papers in this conference for both the PFS and direct drive experiments, and an updated analysis of their opening switch performance is also included. The remainder of this paper describes the parameters and capabilities of their system, and they use the data from several experiments to provide more precise information than previously available.
{"title":"PROCYON: 18-MJ, 2-/spl mu/s pulsed power system","authors":"J. Goforth, B. Anderson, W. E. Anderson, W.L. Atchinson, E. Bartram, J. Benage, R. Bowers, J. Brownell, C. Findley, C. Fowler, O. Garcia, G.J. Heltne, D. Herrera, T. Herrera, M. Hockaday, G. Idzorek, J. King, I. Lindemuth, E. Lopez, S. Marsh, E. C. Martinez, W. Matuska, G.T. Nakafuji, M. Thompson, H. Oona, D. Peterson, R. Reinovsky, M. Rich, J. Shlachter, K.D. Sowder, J. Stokes, L.J. Tabaka, D. Torres, L. Veeser, M. Yapuncich","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596523","url":null,"abstract":"The Procyon high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) system was designed to drive plasma Z-pinch experiments that produce Megajoule soft X-ray pulses when the plasma stagnates on axis. In the proceedings of the Ninth IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, the authors published results from system development tests. At this time, they have fielded seven tests in which the focus was on either vacuum switching or load physics. Four of the tests concentrated on the performance of a plasma flow switch (PFS) which employed a l/r mass distribution in the PFS barrel. Of the four tests, two had dummy loads and one had an implosion load. In addition, one of the tests broke down near the vacuum dielectric interface, and the result demonstrated what Procyon could deliver to an 18 nH load. The authors summarize PFS results and the 18 nH test which is pertinent to upcoming solid/liquid liner experiments. On their other three tests, they eliminated the PFS switching and powered the Z-pinch directly with the HEPP system. From the best of these direct drive tests, they obtained 1.5 MJ of radiation in a 250 ns pulse, their best radiation pulse to date. They also summarize direct drive test results. More details are given in other papers in this conference for both the PFS and direct drive experiments, and an updated analysis of their opening switch performance is also included. The remainder of this paper describes the parameters and capabilities of their system, and they use the data from several experiments to provide more precise information than previously available.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"478-483 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82132167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Legal constrains demand increased recycling of refuse materials in Germany. Improved techniques are required. This paper introduces a new process which uses electrothermally generated pressure pulses for the fragmentation and separation of materials. The technique and the process equipment are described together with selected applications. This work was partly founded by the German Ministry of Research and Development. A flexible fragmentation test bed based on a repetitive capacitor bank was designed and built. A large variety of tests on different materials have been conducted so far.
{"title":"Fragmentation of composite materials by electrothermally generated pressure pulses","authors":"T. Weise, J. Hofmann, M. Loffler","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.599776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.599776","url":null,"abstract":"Legal constrains demand increased recycling of refuse materials in Germany. Improved techniques are required. This paper introduces a new process which uses electrothermally generated pressure pulses for the fragmentation and separation of materials. The technique and the process equipment are described together with selected applications. This work was partly founded by the German Ministry of Research and Development. A flexible fragmentation test bed based on a repetitive capacitor bank was designed and built. A large variety of tests on different materials have been conducted so far.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"1194-1199 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79577431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practical implementation of an inductive pulsed power supply depends on its size and EMI with neighboring environment. Parametric trade-off is made for the prime power battery and the coil. It is shown that the minimal volume of the battery-coil system with a Brooks coil is achieved at a ratio of their volumes 3:2, respectively. For such systems, a jellyroll coil is preferable to a pancake one in view of a higher transfer efficiency. At very high battery power density, a pancake coil may be a right choice due to a lower mechanical stress. The fringe field of cylindrical and quasitoroidal coils was calculated using dipole approximation. Measurements of the discharge efficiency and fringe field are in a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Factors in inductive storage system design","authors":"M. Kanter, A. Pokrvailo, N. Shaked, Z. Kaplan","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596478","url":null,"abstract":"The practical implementation of an inductive pulsed power supply depends on its size and EMI with neighboring environment. Parametric trade-off is made for the prime power battery and the coil. It is shown that the minimal volume of the battery-coil system with a Brooks coil is achieved at a ratio of their volumes 3:2, respectively. For such systems, a jellyroll coil is preferable to a pancake one in view of a higher transfer efficiency. At very high battery power density, a pancake coil may be a right choice due to a lower mechanical stress. The fringe field of cylindrical and quasitoroidal coils was calculated using dipole approximation. Measurements of the discharge efficiency and fringe field are in a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"186-191 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84551651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Veeser, P. Rodriguez, B. Marshall, W. Lewis, O. Tatsenko
We describe the optical diagnostics used to measure magnetic fields up to 11 MGauss (1100 T) produced by Russian MC1 magnetic flux compression generators propelled by American high explosives in a joint experiment. The fields were measured by Faraday rotation in glass samples placed between thin polarizers. Light was introduced and collected in multi-mode fiber optics, allowing the laser light source and the recording instrumentation to be housed in a bunker about 20 m from the explosion. Great care was taken to keep the volume of the diagnostics small so that they would survive the generator implosions long enough to complete the measurements.
{"title":"Optical magnetic field diagnostics for the MC1 flux compression generator experiments","authors":"L. Veeser, P. Rodriguez, B. Marshall, W. Lewis, O. Tatsenko","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.599753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.599753","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the optical diagnostics used to measure magnetic fields up to 11 MGauss (1100 T) produced by Russian MC1 magnetic flux compression generators propelled by American high explosives in a joint experiment. The fields were measured by Faraday rotation in glass samples placed between thin polarizers. Light was introduced and collected in multi-mode fiber optics, allowing the laser light source and the recording instrumentation to be housed in a bunker about 20 m from the explosion. Great care was taken to keep the volume of the diagnostics small so that they would survive the generator implosions long enough to complete the measurements.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"16 4 1","pages":"1058-1062 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77766602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：