The primary goal of the Electromagnetic Sources Division of the Advanced Weapons and Survivability Directorate at the Phillips Laboratory is the development of high power microwave (HPM) devices for a variety of Air Force Applications. Recent interest has been in the repetition-rate (rep-rate) operation of traditionally single-shot HPM sources. Integral to this development is an understanding of the operation of velvet cathodes at multi-gigawatt power levels under rep-rate conditions. Velvet has been shown to emit very uniformly at relatively low field levels (<30 kV/cm), but suffers from the problem of outgassing during the beam pulse. This outgassing could cause the diode to short in subsequent pulses or a voltage breakdown in other areas of the microwave tube due to the increased pressure. Initial tests have been performed to determine the feasibility of the application of velvet cathodes for rep-rate operation. These tests were performed on the Phillips Laboratory Rep-Rate Pulser, a 5 /spl Omega/, variable voltage, rep-rate device. This pulser can deliver 150-500 kV, 500 ns pulses to a 5 /spl Omega/ load at a rep-rate of a few Hz depending on the operating voltage. The temporal evolution of the pressure within the tube as a function of voltage was monitored during the tests to determine the maximum rep-rate dictated by the velvet cathode. The results of these experiments are given in this paper.
{"title":"Experimental results of a high power rep-rate velvet cathode","authors":"S. Calico, M. C. Clark, M. Scott","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596786","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of the Electromagnetic Sources Division of the Advanced Weapons and Survivability Directorate at the Phillips Laboratory is the development of high power microwave (HPM) devices for a variety of Air Force Applications. Recent interest has been in the repetition-rate (rep-rate) operation of traditionally single-shot HPM sources. Integral to this development is an understanding of the operation of velvet cathodes at multi-gigawatt power levels under rep-rate conditions. Velvet has been shown to emit very uniformly at relatively low field levels (<30 kV/cm), but suffers from the problem of outgassing during the beam pulse. This outgassing could cause the diode to short in subsequent pulses or a voltage breakdown in other areas of the microwave tube due to the increased pressure. Initial tests have been performed to determine the feasibility of the application of velvet cathodes for rep-rate operation. These tests were performed on the Phillips Laboratory Rep-Rate Pulser, a 5 /spl Omega/, variable voltage, rep-rate device. This pulser can deliver 150-500 kV, 500 ns pulses to a 5 /spl Omega/ load at a rep-rate of a few Hz depending on the operating voltage. The temporal evolution of the pressure within the tube as a function of voltage was monitored during the tests to determine the maximum rep-rate dictated by the velvet cathode. The results of these experiments are given in this paper.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"677-681 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. J. Summa, R. Gullickson, M. Hebert, J. E. Rowley, J. F. Léon, I. Vitkovitsky
DNA's future X-ray simulators are based upon inductive energy storage, a technology which offers the promise of more compact and affordable energy storage and delivery for larger systems. DECADE is a prime example of this technology. DECADE will store approximately 10 megajoules and deliver about 2 megajoules to separate bremsstrahlung sources or to a combined plasma radiation source load. Two DECADE prototype modules have already operated, demonstrating that key parameters can be met. The concept of inductive energy storage is illustrated. An opening switch is placed in parallel with the load. Energy is delivered to the load when the switch rapidly increases its resistance (i.e., opens). The most commonly used form is the plasma opening switch (POS) which opens as plasma charge carriers are depleted or move out of the conduction region under the influence of J/spl times/B forces. The scaling of the voltage produced across the switch is also illustrated. It is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the opening time. Switch performance has been demonstrated with short opening times and lower switch voltages. The state of switch technology is also indicated. The risk of switch performance would be lower for soft X-ray simulators if plasma radiation source loads can operate with longer implosion times.
{"title":"Advances in X-ray simulator technology","authors":"W. J. Summa, R. Gullickson, M. Hebert, J. E. Rowley, J. F. Léon, I. Vitkovitsky","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596447","url":null,"abstract":"DNA's future X-ray simulators are based upon inductive energy storage, a technology which offers the promise of more compact and affordable energy storage and delivery for larger systems. DECADE is a prime example of this technology. DECADE will store approximately 10 megajoules and deliver about 2 megajoules to separate bremsstrahlung sources or to a combined plasma radiation source load. Two DECADE prototype modules have already operated, demonstrating that key parameters can be met. The concept of inductive energy storage is illustrated. An opening switch is placed in parallel with the load. Energy is delivered to the load when the switch rapidly increases its resistance (i.e., opens). The most commonly used form is the plasma opening switch (POS) which opens as plasma charge carriers are depleted or move out of the conduction region under the influence of J/spl times/B forces. The scaling of the voltage produced across the switch is also illustrated. It is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the opening time. Switch performance has been demonstrated with short opening times and lower switch voltages. The state of switch technology is also indicated. The risk of switch performance would be lower for soft X-ray simulators if plasma radiation source loads can operate with longer implosion times.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-12 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85827602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Goforth, B. Anderson, D. Bartram, C. Findley, O. Garcia, G. J. Heltne, D. Herrera, T. Herrera, J. King, I. Lindemuth, E. Lopez, S. Marsh, E. C. Martinez, M. Thompson, H. Oona, J. Stokes, D. Torres, L. Veeser, M. Yapuncich, W. D. Zerwekh
High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) systems are capable of generating very high energies in magnetic fields. Such stored energy is usually developed on time scales of a few tens or hundreds of microseconds. Many applications require shorter pulses and opening switches provide one way to use the large energy available for faster applications. With current flowing in an inductive circuit, introducing resistance produces voltage that can be used to drive current into a load. For an opening switch with a fast rising resistance, the load current rise time is determined by the R/L time constant of the circuit. A significant fraction of the circuit energy must be dissipated in the process, and in applications where very large energies must be dealt with only a few types of switches can be used. Experiments with high explosive driven opening switches have produced a few switches that can carry tens of MA current, and open on the time scale of one or a few /spl mu/s. We have specialized in a type of switch that we call an explosively formed fuse (EFF), and the use of this switch in the is MJ Procyon system is the subject of this paper. Operation of the EFF switch at levels of /spl sim/3 TW for 2 /spl mu/s has become routine, and we describe its characteristics and give data from a number of tests.
{"title":"Explosively formed fuse opening switches for multi-megajoule applications","authors":"J. Goforth, B. Anderson, D. Bartram, C. Findley, O. Garcia, G. J. Heltne, D. Herrera, T. Herrera, J. King, I. Lindemuth, E. Lopez, S. Marsh, E. C. Martinez, M. Thompson, H. Oona, J. Stokes, D. Torres, L. Veeser, M. Yapuncich, W. D. Zerwekh","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596500","url":null,"abstract":"High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) systems are capable of generating very high energies in magnetic fields. Such stored energy is usually developed on time scales of a few tens or hundreds of microseconds. Many applications require shorter pulses and opening switches provide one way to use the large energy available for faster applications. With current flowing in an inductive circuit, introducing resistance produces voltage that can be used to drive current into a load. For an opening switch with a fast rising resistance, the load current rise time is determined by the R/L time constant of the circuit. A significant fraction of the circuit energy must be dissipated in the process, and in applications where very large energies must be dealt with only a few types of switches can be used. Experiments with high explosive driven opening switches have produced a few switches that can carry tens of MA current, and open on the time scale of one or a few /spl mu/s. We have specialized in a type of switch that we call an explosively formed fuse (EFF), and the use of this switch in the is MJ Procyon system is the subject of this paper. Operation of the EFF switch at levels of /spl sim/3 TW for 2 /spl mu/s has become routine, and we describe its characteristics and give data from a number of tests.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"321-326 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84332835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G.B. Masten, I.N. Djachiachvili, D. B. Morris, J. Gahl
Tacitrons are triode gas-discharge tubes, similar in construction to thyratrons. The primary functional difference between a tacitron and a thyratron is that the tacitron is designed to be completely grid-controlled, whereas a thyratron has grid control only over ignition. Demountable cesium-barium (Cs-Ba) tacitrons have exhibited very low forward voltage drops in the range of a few volts, hold-off voltages greater than 200 V, and average conduction current densities greater than 10 A/cm/sup 2/. These characteristics yield an average power switching density in the order of 10/sup 3/ W/cm/sup 2/ approaching 95% peak switching efficiency. This parameter regime places the Cs-Ba tacitron in the range of conventional solid-state devices, with the advantage that the tacitron should reliably operate in extremes of temperature and radiation. The high-current tacitron has been designed to modulate average currents in the range of 100 to 200 A, with the intent of demonstrating continuous power conditioning capability in the kilowatt range.
瞬变电子管是三极管气体放电管，结构类似于闸流管。静控管和闸流管的主要功能区别在于静控管被设计为完全栅格控制，而闸流管只有在点火时才有栅格控制。可拆卸铯钡(Cs-Ba)静电加速器的正向电压降非常低，只有几伏，保持电压大于200 V，平均传导电流密度大于10 a /cm/sup /。这些特性产生的平均功率开关密度为10/sup 3/ W/cm/sup 2/，接近95%的峰值开关效率。该参数体系使Cs-Ba铯原子介电子处于传统固态器件的范围内，其优点是铯原子介电子可以在极端温度和辐射下可靠地工作。大电流静电加速器被设计为在100到200 A的范围内调制平均电流，目的是展示在千瓦范围内的连续功率调节能力。
{"title":"Operating characteristics of a high-current demountable Cs-Ba tacitron","authors":"G.B. Masten, I.N. Djachiachvili, D. B. Morris, J. Gahl","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596520","url":null,"abstract":"Tacitrons are triode gas-discharge tubes, similar in construction to thyratrons. The primary functional difference between a tacitron and a thyratron is that the tacitron is designed to be completely grid-controlled, whereas a thyratron has grid control only over ignition. Demountable cesium-barium (Cs-Ba) tacitrons have exhibited very low forward voltage drops in the range of a few volts, hold-off voltages greater than 200 V, and average conduction current densities greater than 10 A/cm/sup 2/. These characteristics yield an average power switching density in the order of 10/sup 3/ W/cm/sup 2/ approaching 95% peak switching efficiency. This parameter regime places the Cs-Ba tacitron in the range of conventional solid-state devices, with the advantage that the tacitron should reliably operate in extremes of temperature and radiation. The high-current tacitron has been designed to modulate average currents in the range of 100 to 200 A, with the intent of demonstrating continuous power conditioning capability in the kilowatt range.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"454-459 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84173038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Oona, D. Peterson, J. Goforth, M. Yapuncich, C. Findley, E. Lopez, J. Benage, G. Idzorek, J. Cochrane, B. Anderson, J. Shlachter
One of the aims of the Athena program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is the generation of a high fluence of soft X-rays from the thermalization of a radially imploding foil. In experiments in the Athena program, a large axial current is passed through a cylindrical aluminum foil. Under the action of the Lorentz force, the resulting plasma accelerates toward the axis, thermalizes, and produces a fast soft X-ray pulse with a blackbody temperature up to several hundred electron volts. We present visible light images and X-ray data designed to study the effects of foil mass, current, and initial perturbations on the instability growth during foil implosion. Representative data is presented from several experiments using the Pegasus capacitor bank system and the explosively driven Procyon system. These experiments are labeled Peg 25 and Peg 33 for the Pegasus experiments and PDD1, PDD2 and PRFO for the Procyon experiments. In these experiments, all foils had radii of 5 cm but varied in mass and initial conditions. Experimental data from several shots were compared with each other and to a radiation magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) computation. The data obtained from these experiments and the analysis has given us understanding of the physical mechanisms involved and insight for future experiments and has lead us to propose methods for minimizing the instability growth and maximizing the radiation output. In particular, we observed that wrinkles and other physical anomalies in the initial shape of foil do not appear to contribute to the growth of the instabilities.
{"title":"Instabilities in foil implosions and the effect on radiation output","authors":"H. Oona, D. Peterson, J. Goforth, M. Yapuncich, C. Findley, E. Lopez, J. Benage, G. Idzorek, J. Cochrane, B. Anderson, J. Shlachter","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.599741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.599741","url":null,"abstract":"One of the aims of the Athena program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is the generation of a high fluence of soft X-rays from the thermalization of a radially imploding foil. In experiments in the Athena program, a large axial current is passed through a cylindrical aluminum foil. Under the action of the Lorentz force, the resulting plasma accelerates toward the axis, thermalizes, and produces a fast soft X-ray pulse with a blackbody temperature up to several hundred electron volts. We present visible light images and X-ray data designed to study the effects of foil mass, current, and initial perturbations on the instability growth during foil implosion. Representative data is presented from several experiments using the Pegasus capacitor bank system and the explosively driven Procyon system. These experiments are labeled Peg 25 and Peg 33 for the Pegasus experiments and PDD1, PDD2 and PRFO for the Procyon experiments. In these experiments, all foils had radii of 5 cm but varied in mass and initial conditions. Experimental data from several shots were compared with each other and to a radiation magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) computation. The data obtained from these experiments and the analysis has given us understanding of the physical mechanisms involved and insight for future experiments and has lead us to propose methods for minimizing the instability growth and maximizing the radiation output. In particular, we observed that wrinkles and other physical anomalies in the initial shape of foil do not appear to contribute to the growth of the instabilities.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"987-992 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88084465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jupiter is a Sandia National Laboratories initiative to develop the next generation of fast Z-pinch drivers for applications to high energy density physics, inertial confinement fusion, and radiation effects simulation. Jupiter will also provide unique capabilities for science research in a broad spectrum of areas involving ultra high magnetic fields, hot/dense plasmas, X-ray physics, intense neutron sources, etc. The program is based on the premise that a single facility using magnetically driven implosions can meet the needs in these multiple program areas. Jupiter requires a 450-500 TW, 8-10 MV, /spl sim/100 ns pulsed power generator to impart /spl sim/15 MJ kinetic energy to an imploding plasma load. The baseline concept uses a highly modular, robust architecture with demonstrated performance reliability. The design also has the flexibility to drive longer implosion times. This paper describes the Jupiter accelerator concept, and the research underway to establish the technological readiness to proceed with construction of the facility.
{"title":"The Jupiter program","authors":"J. J. Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596461","url":null,"abstract":"Jupiter is a Sandia National Laboratories initiative to develop the next generation of fast Z-pinch drivers for applications to high energy density physics, inertial confinement fusion, and radiation effects simulation. Jupiter will also provide unique capabilities for science research in a broad spectrum of areas involving ultra high magnetic fields, hot/dense plasmas, X-ray physics, intense neutron sources, etc. The program is based on the premise that a single facility using magnetically driven implosions can meet the needs in these multiple program areas. Jupiter requires a 450-500 TW, 8-10 MV, /spl sim/100 ns pulsed power generator to impart /spl sim/15 MJ kinetic energy to an imploding plasma load. The baseline concept uses a highly modular, robust architecture with demonstrated performance reliability. The design also has the flexibility to drive longer implosion times. This paper describes the Jupiter accelerator concept, and the research underway to establish the technological readiness to proceed with construction of the facility.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"91-98 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89238886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main high voltage pulsed power switches currently in use is the high pressure trigatron. It has achieved wide popularity due to its potential for high voltage low jitter operation. The trigatron does however tend to have a limited operating lifetime due to pin erosion, especially when operated repetitively. This paper describes the design and testing of a trigatron spark gap capable of extended lifetime repetitive operation. The trigatron described has been operated at voltages of up to 500 kV at a repetition rate of 100 pps. The trigatron uses a source of negative ions to ensure an initiatory electron supply which leads to sub-nanosecond jitter. To minimise erosion, the region around the trigger electrode was designed using an electrostatic modelling technique. As a result, the trigger electrode design has been optimised producing an overall design with a predicted lifetime of 10/sup 6/ shots.
{"title":"The design and testing of an extended lifetime, high voltage, low jitter trigatron for repetitive operation","authors":"A. J. McPhee, I. Somerville, S. Macgregor","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596485","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main high voltage pulsed power switches currently in use is the high pressure trigatron. It has achieved wide popularity due to its potential for high voltage low jitter operation. The trigatron does however tend to have a limited operating lifetime due to pin erosion, especially when operated repetitively. This paper describes the design and testing of a trigatron spark gap capable of extended lifetime repetitive operation. The trigatron described has been operated at voltages of up to 500 kV at a repetition rate of 100 pps. The trigatron uses a source of negative ions to ensure an initiatory electron supply which leads to sub-nanosecond jitter. To minimise erosion, the region around the trigger electrode was designed using an electrostatic modelling technique. As a result, the trigger electrode design has been optimised producing an overall design with a predicted lifetime of 10/sup 6/ shots.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"232-237 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Price, D. Swallom, V. Goldfarb, J. S. Gibbs, I. Sadovnik, V. Zeigarnik, N. L. Aitov, A. G. Buzlov, I. Dikhter, P. V. Il’ichev, A. D. Iserov, E. Ivanov, A.V. Kulevtsov, I.G. Kuryachii, V. Novikov, V. Okunev, A.N. Revtov, V. Rickman, A. G. Blokh, A. V. Pisakin, P. N. Egorushkin, B. G. Tkachenko, Y. P. Babakov, R.K. Kuzmin, E.B. Sirtsov, A.K. Yanitskii, E. F. Zhegrov, V. A. Parkhomenko, A. Olson, R.E. Anderson, M. Fedun, G. R. Hill
The Air Force's Phillips Laboratory has acquired a high power magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator for possible use with advanced weapons applications. This MHD generator is a PAMIR-3U, a modified Russian-built MHD generator that uses a modified rocket fuel to produce a DC electrical pulse of 100 MJ. The PAMIR-3U generator produces tens of kA at 800 V for an optimized load of (20/spl plusmn/5) m/spl Omega/. A review of the MHD generator design and results of the generator acceptance testing is presented. The PAMIR-3U generator was constructed by the Institute of High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IVTAN) and delivered to the Air Force's Phillips Laboratory under contract with Textron Defense Systems (TDS) of Everett MA.
{"title":"PAMIR-3U magnetohydrodynamic generator results","authors":"D. Price, D. Swallom, V. Goldfarb, J. S. Gibbs, I. Sadovnik, V. Zeigarnik, N. L. Aitov, A. G. Buzlov, I. Dikhter, P. V. Il’ichev, A. D. Iserov, E. Ivanov, A.V. Kulevtsov, I.G. Kuryachii, V. Novikov, V. Okunev, A.N. Revtov, V. Rickman, A. G. Blokh, A. V. Pisakin, P. N. Egorushkin, B. G. Tkachenko, Y. P. Babakov, R.K. Kuzmin, E.B. Sirtsov, A.K. Yanitskii, E. F. Zhegrov, V. A. Parkhomenko, A. Olson, R.E. Anderson, M. Fedun, G. R. Hill","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.599810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.599810","url":null,"abstract":"The Air Force's Phillips Laboratory has acquired a high power magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator for possible use with advanced weapons applications. This MHD generator is a PAMIR-3U, a modified Russian-built MHD generator that uses a modified rocket fuel to produce a DC electrical pulse of 100 MJ. The PAMIR-3U generator produces tens of kA at 800 V for an optimized load of (20/spl plusmn/5) m/spl Omega/. A review of the MHD generator design and results of the generator acceptance testing is presented. The PAMIR-3U generator was constructed by the Institute of High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IVTAN) and delivered to the Air Force's Phillips Laboratory under contract with Textron Defense Systems (TDS) of Everett MA.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"1383-1388 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78759327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Litton, A. Erickson, P. Bond, A. Kardo-Susoyev, B. O’Meara
There is a growing demand in the laser industry for fast risetime, high repetition rate electro-optical switches. The focus of Fast Transitions, Inc. and its partners Megapulse and Moose Hill Enterprises has been to address the unique needs of the E-O switch driver market. The capabilities of the devices and systems described here also extend into other areas such as streak camera drivers, pulsed laser diode drivers, spark gap triggers, microwave tube drivers and many others. The driver systems now being produced are unprecedented in their capabilities in terms of performance, size, cost, life, reliability and efficiency. These drivers are based on a Russian developed solid state device known as the DSRD (drift step recovery diode). This device allows the generation of low output impedance, short, high voltage pulses with very simple circuits. Most simply stated, the DSRD operates as a high voltage opening switch. The driving circuits utilize inductive energy storage at relatively low input voltages and the DSRD allows the transfer of energy from the storage inductance to the load. Its fast switching time and low junction capacitance allow the rise time to be largely determined by the characteristics of the storage inductance and output circuit.
激光工业对快速上升时间、高重复率电光开关的需求日益增长。Fast Transitions, Inc.及其合作伙伴Megapulse和Moose Hill Enterprises的重点是解决E-O开关驱动器市场的独特需求。这里描述的设备和系统的功能也扩展到其他领域，如条纹相机驱动器，脉冲激光二极管驱动器，火花间隙触发器，微波管驱动器和许多其他。目前生产的驱动系统在性能、尺寸、成本、寿命、可靠性和效率方面都是前所未有的。这些驱动器基于俄罗斯开发的固态器件，称为dsd(漂移阶跃恢复二极管)。该装置可以用非常简单的电路产生低输出阻抗、短、高电压脉冲。最简单地说，DSRD作为一个高压开路开关。驱动电路在相对较低的输入电压下利用感应能量存储，DSRD允许能量从存储电感转移到负载。它的快速开关时间和低结电容使得上升时间在很大程度上取决于存储电感和输出电路的特性。
{"title":"Low impedance nanosecond and sub-nanosecond risetime pulse generators for electro-optical switch applications","authors":"A. Litton, A. Erickson, P. Bond, A. Kardo-Susoyev, B. O’Meara","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596808","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing demand in the laser industry for fast risetime, high repetition rate electro-optical switches. The focus of Fast Transitions, Inc. and its partners Megapulse and Moose Hill Enterprises has been to address the unique needs of the E-O switch driver market. The capabilities of the devices and systems described here also extend into other areas such as streak camera drivers, pulsed laser diode drivers, spark gap triggers, microwave tube drivers and many others. The driver systems now being produced are unprecedented in their capabilities in terms of performance, size, cost, life, reliability and efficiency. These drivers are based on a Russian developed solid state device known as the DSRD (drift step recovery diode). This device allows the generation of low output impedance, short, high voltage pulses with very simple circuits. Most simply stated, the DSRD operates as a high voltage opening switch. The driving circuits utilize inductive energy storage at relatively low input voltages and the DSRD allows the transfer of energy from the storage inductance to the load. Its fast switching time and low junction capacitance allow the rise time to be largely determined by the characteristics of the storage inductance and output circuit.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"733-738 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88331343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Zeng, J. C. Thomaz, G. Bauville, A. Delmas, M. Legentil, F. Bendiab, C. Postel, V. Puech
A new pseudospark triggering technique using a corona-plasma electrode to feed electrons into one of the pseudospark hollow electrodes is described. When a fast rising voltage pulse is applied to the corona-plasma electrode, electrons are emitted at the gas-dielectric-grid interface by field emission. These initial electrons are used to trigger a pseudospark switch in a variety of configurations. Investigations of the high repetition rate possibilities of this pseudospark triggering technique have been performed up to a repetition rate frequency of 1 kHz. During this investigation, a cumulative number of shots higher than 10/sup 8/ has been achieved. Thus, the corona-plasma trigger appears as a low cost, simple, efficient and reliable technique for the development of long life, high PRF pseudospark switches.
{"title":"Characterization of a pseudospark switch triggered by a corona-plasma electrode","authors":"Z. Zeng, J. C. Thomaz, G. Bauville, A. Delmas, M. Legentil, F. Bendiab, C. Postel, V. Puech","doi":"10.1109/PPC.1995.596519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.1995.596519","url":null,"abstract":"A new pseudospark triggering technique using a corona-plasma electrode to feed electrons into one of the pseudospark hollow electrodes is described. When a fast rising voltage pulse is applied to the corona-plasma electrode, electrons are emitted at the gas-dielectric-grid interface by field emission. These initial electrons are used to trigger a pseudospark switch in a variety of configurations. Investigations of the high repetition rate possibilities of this pseudospark triggering technique have been performed up to a repetition rate frequency of 1 kHz. During this investigation, a cumulative number of shots higher than 10/sup 8/ has been achieved. Thus, the corona-plasma trigger appears as a low cost, simple, efficient and reliable technique for the development of long life, high PRF pseudospark switches.","PeriodicalId":11163,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. Tenth IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"200 1","pages":"448-453 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76040816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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