Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i8/1005-1019
T. Yellappa
Arc-related origin of pyroxenites in association with Alaskan-type tectonics has been described in many mafic–ultramafic complexes across the globe. The Salem Mafic–Ultramafic Complex (SMUC) is one such Neo-p roterozoic Alaskan-type complex exposed at the north-er n margin of the Cauvery Suture Zone (CSZ), Southern Granulite Terrane, south India. The Complex consists of mafic and ultramafic sequences along with several occurrences of pyroxenite intrusions of varied thick-ness in the form of dykes. Similar pyroxenite dykes were also observed in and around the Complex at several locations within the basement hornblende gneiss, trending in the NE–SW and E–W directions. Petrography of these dykes indicated websterite variety with cumulate textures and reveals the dominance of clinopyroxene along with orthopyroxene, primary amphi bole, minor plagioclase and oxide minerals like magnetit e, ilmenite and spinels. The whole-rock chemistry of 10 representative samples showed enrichment of LIL elements (Sr, K, Rb, Th) and depletion of HFSE (Hf, Ti, Y, Yb) with normalized primitive mantle and N-MORB . The clinopyroxene mineral chemistry represented tholeiitic signatures with high Mg# values (Mg/(Mg + Fe)) up to 0.91, and the two-pyroxene thermobarometry of these pyroxenites yielded re-equilibrium crystallization temperatures of 820–932 C with moderate pressures at 11–12 kbar. Various tectonic discrimination plots of clinopyroxene mineral chemistry together with whole-rock chemistry favoured their origin under arc settings with the interactions of fluid-related subduction zone m etasomatism relevant to Neoproterozoic Alaskan-typ e tectonics.
{"title":"Petrogenesis and geochemical characteristics of pyroxenite dykes in and around Salem Mafic–Ultramafic complex, southern India: an arc-related origin of Alaskan-type","authors":"T. Yellappa","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i8/1005-1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i8/1005-1019","url":null,"abstract":"Arc-related origin of pyroxenites in association with Alaskan-type tectonics has been described in many mafic–ultramafic complexes across the globe. The Salem Mafic–Ultramafic Complex (SMUC) is one such Neo-p roterozoic Alaskan-type complex exposed at the north-er n margin of the Cauvery Suture Zone (CSZ), Southern Granulite Terrane, south India. The Complex consists of mafic and ultramafic sequences along with several occurrences of pyroxenite intrusions of varied thick-ness in the form of dykes. Similar pyroxenite dykes were also observed in and around the Complex at several locations within the basement hornblende gneiss, trending in the NE–SW and E–W directions. Petrography of these dykes indicated websterite variety with cumulate textures and reveals the dominance of clinopyroxene along with orthopyroxene, primary amphi bole, minor plagioclase and oxide minerals like magnetit e, ilmenite and spinels. The whole-rock chemistry of 10 representative samples showed enrichment of LIL elements (Sr, K, Rb, Th) and depletion of HFSE (Hf, Ti, Y, Yb) with normalized primitive mantle and N-MORB . The clinopyroxene mineral chemistry represented tholeiitic signatures with high Mg# values (Mg/(Mg + Fe)) up to 0.91, and the two-pyroxene thermobarometry of these pyroxenites yielded re-equilibrium crystallization temperatures of 820–932 C with moderate pressures at 11–12 kbar. Various tectonic discrimination plots of clinopyroxene mineral chemistry together with whole-rock chemistry favoured their origin under arc settings with the interactions of fluid-related subduction zone m etasomatism relevant to Neoproterozoic Alaskan-typ e tectonics.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79541596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i8/1020-1030
Mangeshkumar R. Shendkar, Denise‐Penelope N. Kontoni, R. Kumar, A. Farghaly, S. Mandal, P. Maiti
In the present study, a refined procedure for the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings based on the ‘quadrants assessment method’ and ‘material strain limit approach’ is proposed and numerically analysed. The quadrants assessment method involves the performance point, design base shear and threshold damage limit state. Herein, four existing RC buildings (models 1–4) are considered from the Koyna– Warna region, Maharashtra (zone-IV, India). These four buildings were studied using nonlinear static adaptive pushover analysis employing the SeismoStruct software. Based on the quadrants assessment method, the three-storey RC building (model-1) was retrofitted with RC jacketing, while the other three RC buildings did not need to be retrofitted. Also, significant seismic design parameters like ductility, over strength factor, response reduction factor, etc. were evaluated before and after retrofitting. The results depict that the combination of the ‘quadrants assessment method’ and ‘material strain limit approach’ is a rapid, reliable and refined procedure for seismic evaluation and retrofitting of RC buildings.
{"title":"A refined procedure for seismic evaluation and retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings","authors":"Mangeshkumar R. Shendkar, Denise‐Penelope N. Kontoni, R. Kumar, A. Farghaly, S. Mandal, P. Maiti","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i8/1020-1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i8/1020-1030","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a refined procedure for the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings based on the ‘quadrants assessment method’ and ‘material strain limit approach’ is proposed and numerically analysed. The quadrants assessment method involves the performance point, design base shear and threshold damage limit state. Herein, four existing RC buildings (models 1–4) are considered from the Koyna– Warna region, Maharashtra (zone-IV, India). These four buildings were studied using nonlinear static adaptive pushover analysis employing the SeismoStruct software. Based on the quadrants assessment method, the three-storey RC building (model-1) was retrofitted with RC jacketing, while the other three RC buildings did not need to be retrofitted. Also, significant seismic design parameters like ductility, over strength factor, response reduction factor, etc. were evaluated before and after retrofitting. The results depict that the combination of the ‘quadrants assessment method’ and ‘material strain limit approach’ is a rapid, reliable and refined procedure for seismic evaluation and retrofitting of RC buildings.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82393522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/895-906
R. YUVARAJ, K. Sekar, M. Murthy, P. Krishnaswamy
Amino acid oxidases (AOs) are flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent dimeric enzymes that stereo specifically catalyse the deamination of an -amino acid leading to an -keto acid. Putative Leptospira interrogans recombinant L -amino acid oxidase ( Li -rLAO; lacking 20 residues corresponding to the N-terminal signal sequence) was cloned, expressed, purified, and i ts three-dimensional structure was determined by X-ra y crystallography at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The active site could be easily identified by the presence of electron density corresponding to a non-covalently bound FAD in both protomers of the dimeric enzyme. Structural analysis of Li- rLAO revealed that its polypeptide fold is similar to those of the previously determined homologous structures as available in the Protein Data Bank. However, a substrate-binding residue found at the activ e site of other previously determined homologous structures was not conserved in Li- rLAO, suggesting that its specificity may differ from those of earlier reported structures. Not surprisingly, Li- rLAO showed no activity for most amino acids and amines; it exhibited a low activity only with L -arginine as the substrate. The cata-lytic properties of Li- rLAO could be rationalized in terms of its three-dimensional structure.
{"title":"Structural characterization of a putative recombinant l-amino acid oxidase from Leptospira interrogans","authors":"R. YUVARAJ, K. Sekar, M. Murthy, P. Krishnaswamy","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/895-906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/895-906","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acid oxidases (AOs) are flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent dimeric enzymes that stereo specifically catalyse the deamination of an -amino acid leading to an -keto acid. Putative Leptospira interrogans recombinant L -amino acid oxidase ( Li -rLAO; lacking 20 residues corresponding to the N-terminal signal sequence) was cloned, expressed, purified, and i ts three-dimensional structure was determined by X-ra y crystallography at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The active site could be easily identified by the presence of electron density corresponding to a non-covalently bound FAD in both protomers of the dimeric enzyme. Structural analysis of Li- rLAO revealed that its polypeptide fold is similar to those of the previously determined homologous structures as available in the Protein Data Bank. However, a substrate-binding residue found at the activ e site of other previously determined homologous structures was not conserved in Li- rLAO, suggesting that its specificity may differ from those of earlier reported structures. Not surprisingly, Li- rLAO showed no activity for most amino acids and amines; it exhibited a low activity only with L -arginine as the substrate. The cata-lytic properties of Li- rLAO could be rationalized in terms of its three-dimensional structure.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89065657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/928-933
Suvam Das, Prachi Chandna, S. Sarkar, D. P. Kanungo
{"title":"Slope stability assessment of the recent Birik Dara landslide in the Kalimpong region of Darjeeling Himalaya, India","authors":"Suvam Das, Prachi Chandna, S. Sarkar, D. P. Kanungo","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/928-933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/928-933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79234894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/925-927
W. Temjen, M. R. Singh, T. Ajungla
{"title":"Carbon sequestration potential of two Musa cultivars from Mokokchung, Nagaland, North East India along an altitudinal gradient","authors":"W. Temjen, M. R. Singh, T. Ajungla","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/925-927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/925-927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85239131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/907-918
Satish Naik, Virag G. Sontakke
{"title":"Plant economy from Early Iron Age site of Malli, Gondia district, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Satish Naik, Virag G. Sontakke","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/907-918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/907-918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77983935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/874-880
D. Blaise, G. Majumdar, A. Manikandan, S. Santosh, K. Velmourougane
Soil compaction is a major physical constraint in cotton production. At present, no information is available on the effects of compaction on the root growth and root anatomy of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Therefore, we studied the effects of subsoiling (shallow (SSS) and deep (DSS)) and crop rotation (pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ) – cotton (PCR) and radish ( Raphanus sativus ) – cotton (RCR)) on the root growth of cotton in deep Vertisols during 2017–19. Subsoiling significantly increased the shoot and root length. The root-to-shoot ratio was maximum in DSS (33%), followed by PCR (29%) at the vegetative stage. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the roots indicated a large number of pores and less contraction of xylem and phloem in the sub-soiled and rotation treatments than in the control. Furthermore, the SEM-EDAX spectra indicated a greater abundance of major, secondary and micronutrients in subsoiling and crop rotations compared to the control treatment.
{"title":"Subsoiling and crop rotation improve root growth of Bt-cotton in Vertisols","authors":"D. Blaise, G. Majumdar, A. Manikandan, S. Santosh, K. Velmourougane","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/874-880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/874-880","url":null,"abstract":"Soil compaction is a major physical constraint in cotton production. At present, no information is available on the effects of compaction on the root growth and root anatomy of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Therefore, we studied the effects of subsoiling (shallow (SSS) and deep (DSS)) and crop rotation (pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ) – cotton (PCR) and radish ( Raphanus sativus ) – cotton (RCR)) on the root growth of cotton in deep Vertisols during 2017–19. Subsoiling significantly increased the shoot and root length. The root-to-shoot ratio was maximum in DSS (33%), followed by PCR (29%) at the vegetative stage. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the roots indicated a large number of pores and less contraction of xylem and phloem in the sub-soiled and rotation treatments than in the control. Furthermore, the SEM-EDAX spectra indicated a greater abundance of major, secondary and micronutrients in subsoiling and crop rotations compared to the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78871538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/933-938
S. Sarkar, Sanjukta Chakravorti, Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, D. Sengupta, P. Wahi, P. Munshi
{"title":"Preliminary observations on computerized tomography-powered fractal dimension-based technique to differentiate between coprolites and body fossils","authors":"S. Sarkar, Sanjukta Chakravorti, Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, D. Sengupta, P. Wahi, P. Munshi","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/933-938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/933-938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86836213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/865-873
D. Simonet, Ajita Gupta
Irrigation management helps determine when and how much water must be applied to irrigate crops. A mobile application (app) has been developed for irrigation scheduling selected crops for the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, India. These regions experience extreme temperatures in both the summer and winter months, and erratic rainfall conditions. The app uses the water balance approach to compute the most favourable irrigation cycle for a range of crops for selected locations in the state. It also utilizes meteorological, crop and soil data to derive a daily irrigation schedule for the selected month and location.
{"title":"A smartphone application for irrigation scheduling of crops in northwestern India","authors":"D. Simonet, Ajita Gupta","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/865-873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/865-873","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation management helps determine when and how much water must be applied to irrigate crops. A mobile application (app) has been developed for irrigation scheduling selected crops for the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, India. These regions experience extreme temperatures in both the summer and winter months, and erratic rainfall conditions. The app uses the water balance approach to compute the most favourable irrigation cycle for a range of crops for selected locations in the state. It also utilizes meteorological, crop and soil data to derive a daily irrigation schedule for the selected month and location.","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82247456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i7/887-894
J. Jain, Anurag Agrawal, B. Choudhary
The blasting technique is mainly used for breaking the rock mass. It is also required to control blast-induced ground vibrations for the safety of nearby habitats. This study was conducted in two different mines and 56 blast vibration data were collected from overburden benches. During trial blasts, it was confirmed that the study benches had similar geology. Analysis of blasts data was done using advanced data analysis software such as MATLAB-based artificial neural network (ANN) and Waikato Environment for Knowledge analysis (WEKA) and compared with the empirical equations. The ANN prediction model gave a significantly high R 2 = 0.92 with a low root mean square error (RMSE, 0.67), while WEKA gave a comparatively low R 2 = 0.86 with a high RMSE (1.11).
{"title":"An advance tool to predict ground vibration using effective blast design parameters","authors":"J. Jain, Anurag Agrawal, B. Choudhary","doi":"10.18520/cs/v123/i7/887-894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v123/i7/887-894","url":null,"abstract":"The blasting technique is mainly used for breaking the rock mass. It is also required to control blast-induced ground vibrations for the safety of nearby habitats. This study was conducted in two different mines and 56 blast vibration data were collected from overburden benches. During trial blasts, it was confirmed that the study benches had similar geology. Analysis of blasts data was done using advanced data analysis software such as MATLAB-based artificial neural network (ANN) and Waikato Environment for Knowledge analysis (WEKA) and compared with the empirical equations. The ANN prediction model gave a significantly high R 2 = 0.92 with a low root mean square error (RMSE, 0.67), while WEKA gave a comparatively low R 2 = 0.86 with a high RMSE (1.11).","PeriodicalId":11194,"journal":{"name":"Current Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81635678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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