Developmental and comparative immunology最新文献_第7页

Classical swine fever virus genotype 2.1 triggers stronger inflammatory and immune responses in porcine alveolar macrophages than genotype 3.4 经典猪瘟病毒基因型2.1比基因型3.4在猪肺泡巨噬细胞中引发更强的炎症和免疫反应。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105496

Yu-Chun Huang , Ming-Chung Deng , Yu-Liang Huang , Kuo-Jung Tsai , Hsin-Meng Liu , I-Li Liu , Chen-Si Lin , Chia-Yi Chang

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious disease characterized by immunosuppression. Since 1996, a shift from CSFV genotype 3.4 (G3.4) to genotype 2.1 (G2.1) has been observed in Taiwan. Although G2.1 exhibits higher replication efficiency than G3.4, their differential immune regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the responses of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with G2.1 versus G3.4, regarding their infection rates, cytokine protein levels, and transcriptomic profiling performed by RNA-seq with qPCR validation. G2.1 showed a significantly higher infection rate at 1 day post-infection (dpi) and induced stronger pro-inflammatory responses, including elevated IL-18 (1–3 dpi) and TNF-α (2 dpi) levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that G2.1 enriched immune pathways, such as JAK-STAT signaling, which favor Th17 cell differentiation. In contrast, G3.4 favors IL-17 signaling and apoptotic pathways, which are associated with B-cell recruitment, potentially promoting faster viral clearance. These findings reveal that while both CSFV genotypes engage the Th17 axis, G2.1 drives upstream differentiation to establish a pro-inflammatory niche, whereas G3.4 engages terminal IL-17 responses conducive to immune resolution. This study provides new insight into genotype-specific host responses that may contribute to the CSFV genotype shift observed in the field.

猪瘟（CSF）是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）引起的一种以免疫抑制为特征的高度传染性疾病。自1996年以来，在台湾观察到从CSFV基因型3.4 （G3.4）到基因型2.1 （G2.1）的转变。尽管G2.1的复制效率高于G3.4，但它们的差异免疫调节机制尚不清楚。本研究通过RNA-seq和qPCR验证，研究了猪肺泡巨噬细胞（pam）感染G2.1和G3.4的反应，包括感染率、细胞因子蛋白水平和转录组学分析。G2.1在感染后1天（dpi）的感染率明显升高，诱导了更强的促炎反应，包括IL-18 （1-3 dpi）和TNF-α (2 dpi)水平升高。转录组学分析显示，G2.1富集了免疫通路，如JAK-STAT信号通路，有利于Th17细胞分化。相反，G3.4有利于与b细胞募集相关的IL-17信号通路和凋亡通路，可能促进更快的病毒清除。这些发现表明，虽然两种CSFV基因型都参与Th17轴，但G2.1驱动上游分化以建立促炎生态位，而G3.4参与有利于免疫解决的末端IL-17应答。该研究为基因型特异性宿主反应提供了新的见解，该反应可能有助于在该领域观察到的CSFV基因型转移。

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引用次数: 0

Methyltransferase WTAP participates in shrimp defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection 甲基转移酶WTAP参与对虾对副溶血性弧菌感染的防御。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105510

Yuxin Shi , Jingyang Liu , Tongxin Lin , Wanli Lu , Linwei Yang , Siyou Huang

Although the immune function of the methyltransferase Wilm's tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) has been well-studied in vertebrates, its role in the invertebrate immune system remains limited. In this study, we identified the WTAP gene in Penaeus vannamei and investigated its potential role in shrimp innate immunity. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that WTAP was broadly expressed in key immune tissues of the shrimp, including hemocytes, intestines, hepatopancreas, and gills. WTAP expression was upregulated in the hepatopancreas and gills during Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Although knockdown of WTAP did not significantly affect the survival rate of shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus, there was a non-significant trend toward decreased survival, along with markedly increased bacterial loads in gills and hepatopancreas. Knockdown of WTAP also led to a significant reduction in the expression levels of ALF1/3/5/6 and PEN2/3/4. Furthermore, WTAP expression was regulated by NF-κB Relish and repressed by the transcription factors STAT and Dorsal. Our results demonstrated that P. vannamei WTAP, regulated by NF-κB Relish, inhibited V. parahaemolyticus proliferation by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These findings deepen our understanding of WTAP's role in crustacean innate immunity and provide a crucial foundation for future research on the relationship between m⁶A modification and immune regulation in invertebrates.

尽管甲基转移酶Wilm's tumor 1-associated protein （WTAP）的免疫功能已经在脊椎动物中得到了很好的研究，但它在无脊椎动物免疫系统中的作用仍然有限。在本研究中，我们在凡纳滨对虾中鉴定了WTAP基因，并探讨了其在对虾先天免疫中的潜在作用。RT-qPCR分析显示，WTAP广泛表达于对虾的关键免疫组织，包括血细胞、肠、肝胰腺和鳃。在副溶血性弧菌感染期间，肝胰腺和鳃中WTAP的表达上调。虽然WTAP基因敲低对副溶血性弧菌感染对虾的存活率没有显著影响，但对虾的存活率有不显著的下降趋势，同时虾鳃和肝胰脏的细菌负荷显著增加。WTAP的下调也导致ALF1/3/5/6和PEN2/3/4的表达水平显著降低。此外，WTAP的表达受NF-κB佐料调控，受转录因子STAT和Dorsal的抑制。结果表明，受NF-κB佐料调控的凡纳梅WTAP可通过调节抗菌肽（AMPs）的表达抑制副溶血性弧菌的增殖。这些发现加深了我们对WTAP在甲壳类动物先天免疫中的作用的认识，为进一步研究m6A修饰与无脊椎动物免疫调节之间的关系提供了重要的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Screening for C-type lectin receptor (CLR)/bacteria interactions using a bovine CLR-Fc fusion protein library reveals recognition of Pasteurella multocida B:2 by MICL 利用牛CLR- fc融合蛋白文库筛选c型凝集素受体(CLR)/细菌相互作用，发现MICL可识别多杀性巴氏杆菌B:2。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105474

Samira Christin Görig , Yeliz Gün , Dimitri Leonid Lindenwald , Jochen Meens , Hans-Joachim Schuberth , Bernd Lepenies

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are an essential component of the innate immune system. Myeloid C-type-lectin receptors (CLRs) serve as PRRs and play a crucial role in pathogen recognition. While the role of CLRs has been mainly studied in mice and humans, their function in cattle is poorly understood. To address this gap, we generated a novel bovine CLR-hFc fusion protein library, enabling high-throughput screening of bovine CLR/pathogen interactions.

The functionality of the bovine CLR-hFc fusion proteins was validated with known CLR ligands using ELISA- and flow cytometry-based binding assays, by comparison of bovine CLRs with their murine, ovine and human orthologues. In a proof-of-principle pathogen binding study, we assessed CLR binding to Pasteurella (P.) multocida, a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen causing hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle. The bovine CLR myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin (MICL, Clec12A) was identified as a potential receptor for P. multocida, as it exhibited significant binding in flow cytometry binding assays. Cross-species analysis confirmed that murine and ovine MICL also binds P. multocida, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved recognition.

To explore MICL-dependent innate responses to P. multocida-derived factors, cytokine assays were performed using dendritic cells (DCs) from wild-type (WT) and MICL-deficient (MICL^−/−) mice. MICL^−/− DCs produced higher levels of IL-6 and IL-12 upon stimulation with heat-killed P. multocida, suggesting a role for MICL in the down-modulation of innate responses.

The results highlight MICL as a receptor in the recognition of P. multocida and demonstrate the utility of the generated bovine CLR-hFc fusion protein library for pathogen screening.

模式识别受体（PRRs）是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。髓系c型凝集素受体（CLRs）作为PRRs，在病原体识别中起着至关重要的作用。虽然clr的作用主要在小鼠和人类中进行了研究，但它们在牛中的功能却知之甚少。为了解决这一空白，我们建立了一个新的牛CLR- hfc融合蛋白文库，使高通量筛选牛CLR/病原体相互作用成为可能。牛CLR- hfc融合蛋白的功能通过ELISA和基于流式细胞术的结合试验与已知的CLR配体进行了验证，并将牛CLR与小鼠、羊和人的同源物进行了比较。在一项原理验证的病原体结合研究中，我们评估了CLR与多杀性巴氏杆菌（一种引起牛出血性败血症的革兰氏阴性细菌病原体）的结合。牛CLR髓细胞抑制c型凝集素（MICL, Clec12A）在流式细胞术中表现出明显的结合，被确定为多杀假单胞菌的潜在受体。跨物种分析证实，小鼠和绵羊MICL也能结合多杀假单胞菌，表明这是一种进化上保守的识别。为了探索MICL依赖的先天反应，我们使用野生型（WT）和MICL-缺陷（MICL-/-）小鼠的树突状细胞（dc）进行细胞因子检测。MICL-/- dc在热杀多杀假单胞菌刺激下产生更高水平的IL-6和IL-12，表明MICL在下调先天反应中起作用。结果表明MICL在多杀假单胞菌的识别中是一个受体，并证明了所生成的牛CLR-hFc融合蛋白文库在病原体筛选中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Lamprey TFE3 exhibits evolutionarily conserved activation mechanisms and regulates autophagy and immune responses 七鳃鳗TFE3表现出进化保守的激活机制，并调节自噬和免疫反应。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105480

Jilong Pan , Xinping Li , Qipeng Zhang , Jiarui Li , Daiyun Zhang , Xiaoyu Ni , Pengcheng Li , Tiesong Li , Hao Wang , Yan Chi

The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family belongs to the basic group of helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-ZIP)-containing transcription factors. Although MiT/TFE family members, especially TFEB and TFE3, have been extensively studied in higher vertebrates, little is known about their roles in basal vertebrates such as lampreys. Here, we show that lamprey TFE3 and TFEC retain conserved structural features, including key domains, motifs, and serine residues, consistent with the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Expression profiling revealed that lamprey TFE3 is broadly expressed across tissues, with the highest level in the heart. Treatment with Torin1 induced nuclear translocation of TFE3, indicative of its activation. Torin1 also led to a time-dependent increase in TFE3 expression, and upregulation of downstream target genes associated with autophagy, stress responses, and inflammation. Furthermore, we observed elevated LC3-II levels and reduced p62 expression following Torin1 treatment, indicating that activated lamprey TFE3 enhances autophagic activity. Notably, TFE3 activation also promoted cholesterol mobilization and efflux, as evidenced by decreased Bodipy fluorescence intensity and upregulated expression of ABCA1. In vivo stimulation with LPS or poly (I:C) induced significant changes in Lj-TFE3 expression, indicating that lamprey TFE3 is responsive to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and may participate in immune stress responses. Together, these findings demonstrate that lamprey TFE3 exhibits conserved structural and functional features and plays a key role in immune and metabolic regulation, providing important evolutionary insights into the MiT/TFE transcription factor family in early vertebrates.

小眼相关转录因子/转录因子E （MiT/TFE）家族属于含有螺旋-环-螺旋亮氨酸拉链（bHLH-ZIP）的转录因子的基本类群。虽然MiT/TFE家族成员，特别是TFEB和TFE3，在高等脊椎动物中被广泛研究，但对它们在基底脊椎动物（如七鳃鳗）中的作用知之甚少。本研究表明，七鳃鳗TFE3和TFEC保留了保守的结构特征，包括关键结构域、基序和丝氨酸残基，与脊椎动物的进化史一致。表达谱分析显示，七鳃鳗TFE3在各组织中广泛表达，在心脏中表达水平最高。Torin1诱导TFE3核易位，表明其活化。Torin1还导致TFE3表达的时间依赖性增加，以及与自噬、应激反应和炎症相关的下游靶基因的上调。此外，我们观察到在Torin1处理后，LC3-II水平升高，p62表达降低，表明激活的TFE3增强了七鳃鳗的自噬活性。值得注意的是，TFE3的激活也促进了胆固醇的动员和外排，Bodipy荧光强度降低，ABCA1表达上调。体内LPS或poly （I:C）刺激诱导Lj-TFE3表达显著变化，提示七鳃鳗TFE3响应病原体相关分子模式，可能参与免疫应激反应。总之，这些发现表明，七鳃鳗TFE3具有保守的结构和功能特征，并在免疫和代谢调节中发挥关键作用，为早期脊椎动物的MiT/TFE转录因子家族提供了重要的进化见解。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular characterization and antioxidant function of glutaredoxin 3 in Sepiella japonica 稻瘟病菌谷氨酰胺还毒素3的分子特征及抗氧化功能。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105487

Yan Lu , Peipei Fu , Jiaxin Gao , Yingying Ye , Xinqin Jiang , Denghui Zhu

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are essential antioxidant proteins that protect cells from oxidative damage and participate in multiple biological processes. However, their roles in the common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) remain uncharacterized. Here, we identified a glutaredoxin 3 homolog from S. japonica (SjGrx3). The SjGrx3 gene encodes a 981 bp open reading frame producing a 326-amino-acid protein (36.47 kDa) that contains an N-terminal thioredoxin domain and two C-terminal Grx domains, each containing the conserved CGFS active-site motif. Phylogenetic analysis clustered SjGrx3 within the cephalopod Grx3 clade, showing high sequence identity to other molluscan homologs. The SjGrx3 mRNA was detected in all examined tissues, with the highest levels in skin and kidney and moderate levels in gill, gut, and liver. In naturally Vibrio harveyi-infected individuals, SjGrx3 transcripts increased significantly in skin, gill, liver, white body, and brain, implicating it in innate immune responses. Confocal microscopy showed that SjGrx3 localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Functional assays demonstrated that recombinant SjGrx3 was soluble and enhanced Escherichia coli resistance to H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, overexpression of SjGrx3 in HEK293T cells significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and inhibited H₂O₂-mediated cell death, confirming its role in oxidative stress protection. Collectively, these findings indicate that SjGrx3 contributes to redox regulation and immune defense against bacterial infection in S. japonica.

Glutaredoxins （Grxs）是一种重要的抗氧化蛋白，可保护细胞免受氧化损伤并参与多种生物过程。然而，它们在普通中国墨鱼（Sepiella japonica）中的作用尚未明确。在此，我们从粳稻中鉴定了一个glutaredoxin 3同源物（SjGrx3）。SjGrx3基因编码一个981 bp的开放阅读框，产生一个326个氨基酸的蛋白（36.47 kDa），包含一个n端硫氧还蛋白结构域和两个c端Grx结构域，每个结构域都包含保守的CGFS活性位点基序。系统发育分析将SjGrx3聚集在头足类Grx3分支中，显示出与其他软体动物同源物的高度序列一致性。SjGrx3 mRNA在所有检查组织中均检测到，皮肤和肾脏中含量最高，鳃、肠道和肝脏中含量中等。在自然感染哈维弧菌的个体中，SjGrx3转录本在皮肤、鳃、肝脏、白体和大脑中显著增加，暗示其参与先天免疫反应。共聚焦显微镜显示SjGrx3定位于细胞质和细胞核。功能分析表明，重组SjGrx3具有可溶性，增强了大肠杆菌对h2o2诱导的氧化损伤的抗性。此外，在HEK293T细胞中过表达SjGrx3可显著降低h2o2诱导的细胞内活性氧（ROS）积累，抑制h2o2介导的细胞死亡，证实其在氧化应激保护中的作用。综上所述，这些发现表明SjGrx3参与了粳稻的氧化还原调控和对细菌感染的免疫防御。

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引用次数: 0

The migration of cells from the water-vascular system to the coelom provides evidence supporting the origin of coelomocytes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus 细胞从水维管系统向体腔的迁移为Apostichopus japonicus体腔细胞起源提供了证据。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105509

Zhenhui Wang , Yupeng Chen , Yinan Wang , Xuyuan Fan , Yuan Ren , Chang Wei , Qiang Li

Apostichopus japonicus, a member of Holothuroidea (phylum Echinodermata), is known for its strong ability to regenerate its coelomocytes. The constitutive recovery of coelomocytes occurs at 6 h post-evisceration. Rapid coelomocyte recovery, combined with limited proliferation of residual coelomocytes at the early recovery stage, suggests that migration from other sites is the likely mechanism. In this study, we investigated migration of coelomocytes and several other components, including cell-free coelomic fluid, protein, and bacteria from the water-vascular system to the coelom by transplantation of these components through the papillae. The coelomic fluid had migrated substantially at 6 h post-transplantation (hpt). Glutathione S-transferase was detected migrating into the coelom at 6 and 12 hpt with an increasing trend. Vibrio splendidus, a pathogenic bacterium, and Escherichia coli, a non-pathogenic bacterium of A. japonicus, were both found to migrate at 6–72 hpt. Fluorescence labeling and allogeneic transplantation of live coelomocytes were used to investigate coelomocyte migration. Coelomocytes migrated from the water-vascular system to the coelom at 2 and 12 hpt, with a migration rate of 1.2 % and 3.7 %, respectively. However, migration rate increased significantly at 6 and 12 hpt under evisceration, which were 2.5- and 1.3-fold than that in healthy A. japonicus. Pathogenic infection significantly increased coelomocyte migration rate at each point post-transplantation, with a peak of 7.60-fold at 48 hpt. The findings have shown that different components can migrate from the water-vascular system to the coelom in A. japonicus. This suggests that the water-vascular system may act as a storage pool for coelomocytes to supplement coelomocyte physiological loss. This study enhances our understanding of the immune defense mechanisms and regenerative processes in echinoderms.

Apostichopus japonicus是棘皮动物门（holothuro总科）的一员，以其强大的腔胚细胞再生能力而闻名。空腔细胞的组成性恢复发生在去内脏后6小时。体腔细胞的快速恢复，加上在恢复早期残留体腔细胞的有限增殖，表明来自其他部位的迁移是可能的机制。在这项研究中，我们研究了体腔细胞和其他一些成分，包括无细胞的体腔液、蛋白质和细菌，通过乳头从水血管系统移植到体腔。在移植后6小时（hpt），体腔液已大量迁移。在6和12 hpt时检测到谷胱甘肽s -转移酶向体腔迁移，并有增加的趋势。病原菌脾弧菌和非致病菌大肠杆菌均在6-72 hpt时迁移。采用荧光标记法和同种异体移植法观察活体体腔细胞的迁移。体腔细胞在2和12 hpt时从水维管系统迁移到体腔，迁移率分别为1.2%和3.7%。而在6和12 hpt时，全膛下的日本刺参迁移率显著增加，分别是健康刺参的2.5倍和1.3倍。致病性感染显著增加移植后各点腔胚细胞迁移率，在48 hpt时达到峰值7.60倍。研究结果表明，刺参的不同成分可以从水维管系统迁移到体腔。这提示水-血管系统可能作为体腔细胞的储存池，以补充体腔细胞的生理损失。本研究增强了我们对棘皮动物免疫防御机制和再生过程的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Persistence of viral load in shrimp that survived WSSV infection 存活WSSV感染的虾体内病毒载量的持久性。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105488

Phasini Buathongkam , Jiraporn Srisala , Chanisara Srivihok , Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang , Christopher J. Coates , Suparat Taengchaiyaphum , Siripong Thitamadee , Kallaya Sritunyalucksana

We established a cohabitation model to study shrimp survival after a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreak. Naïve shrimp were reared individually in plastic boxes immersed in a tank with ten free-roaming shrimp injected each with 1000 copies of purified WSSV. A WSSV outbreak commenced from day four (elevated mortality levels), which lasted for about 10 days. When no further mortalities occurred, surviving shrimp were collected for observation. Survival levels of the cohabitating shrimp were between 5.3 % and 15.9 % from independent infection trials. Determination of viral loads by qPCR and RT-PCR demonstrated 10,000-fold higher viral copy numbers in the moribund shrimp than in the survivors. Western blot analysis using an anti-VP28 antibody confirmed PCR results that high VP28 expression occurs in moribund shrimp, but no signals were detected in the survivors. Histological examination depicted eosinophilic inclusion bodies with hypertrophied (swollen) nuclei and marginated, slightly basophilic, chromatin in the moribund shrimp, but not in the survivors. These data suggest that the surviving shrimp are resilient and posses a mechanism to curtail viremia. Expression levels of selected antimicrobial factors – ALF3, ALF6, PmCrustin1, PmPenaeidin3 and PmPenaeidin5 were compared between moribund and survivor shrimp. PmCrustin1 and ALF3 expression were substantially higher in the moribund shrimp than those of survivors. Interestingly, expression levels of PmCrustin1 were correlated positively with viral loads. Our data provides new insight into WSSV resilience in Penaeus monondon.

为了研究白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）爆发后对虾的生存状况，建立了一种同居模型。Naïve虾被单独饲养在塑料箱中，浸泡在一个水箱中，10只自由游动的虾每只注射1000份纯化的WSSV。WSSV疫情从第4天开始（死亡率升高），持续了大约10天。当没有进一步死亡时，收集幸存虾进行观察。在独立感染试验中，同居对虾的存活率在5.3% ~ 15.9%之间。通过qPCR和RT-PCR对病毒载量的测定表明，死虾的病毒拷贝数比存活虾高10000倍。使用抗VP28抗体的Western blot分析证实了PCR结果，VP28在死虾中有高表达，而在存活虾中没有检测到信号。组织学检查显示，濒死虾中有嗜酸性包涵体，细胞核肥大（肿胀），染色质边缘有轻微的嗜碱性，但幸存者中没有。这些数据表明，幸存的虾具有弹性，并具有减少病毒血症的机制。比较了死虾和活虾中筛选出的抗菌因子ALF3、ALF6、PmCrustin1、PmPenaeidin3和PmPenaeidin5的表达水平。PmCrustin1和ALF3在濒死虾中的表达明显高于存活虾。有趣的是，PmCrustin1的表达水平与病毒载量呈正相关。我们的数据为白对虾（Penaeus monondon）的WSSV恢复能力提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Immunometabolic characteristics in liver of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) following Edwardsiella tarda 1l-4 infection by multiomics analyses 迟发爱德华氏菌1l-4感染后红鲫肝脏免疫代谢特征的多组学分析

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105479

Ting Luo , Ruo-Xing Yu , Qin-Yang He , Zi-Rou Zhong , Zhuang-Wen Mao , Ming-Zhu Huang , Jie Peng , Yao-Hui Li , Zi-Le Qin , Xu-Ying Kuang , Zi-Xuan Fang , Jian Li , Sheng-Wei Luo

Edwardsiella tarda, a facultative intracellular pathogen, can compromise the health of farmed fish. Nevertheless, the immunometabolic features of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) after E. tarda 1l-4 infection remains largely understudied. In this investigation, severe tissue injury and aberrant glycogen storage were detected in liver of red crucian carps infected with E. tarda 1l-4, along with the dramatic decline of antioxidant defense. Multiomics approaches indicated that MAPK signaling pathway may assume a dominant role in immunometabolic regulation in red crucian carp. MAPK dysregulation may affect cell cycle and DNA replication, while also disrupting carbon metabolism, amino acid homeostasis and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, with methylsuccinic acid (MSA) identified as pivotal metabolic indicator. This findings may deepen our understanding of E. tarda-induced immunometabolic responses in red crucian carps and provide practical references for edwardsiellosis management in aquaculture.

迟发爱德华菌是一种兼性细胞内病原体，可危害养殖鱼类的健康。然而，红鲫鱼（Carassius auratus red var.）在感染E. tarda 11 -4后的免疫代谢特征仍未得到充分研究。实验结果表明，感染迟达E. 11 -4后，红鲫肝脏组织损伤严重，糖原储存异常，抗氧化防御能力明显下降。多组学研究表明，MAPK信号通路可能在红鲫免疫代谢调控中起主导作用。MAPK失调可能会影响细胞周期和DNA复制，同时也会破坏碳代谢、氨基酸稳态和甘油磷脂的生物合成，甲基琥珀酸（MSA）被认为是关键的代谢指标。这一发现将加深我们对迟发E.诱导的红鲫免疫代谢反应的认识，并为爱德华氏菌病在水产养殖中的管理提供实用参考。

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引用次数: 0

SIGIRR deficiency aggravates Mycobacterium marinum induced mortality and hepatic apoptosis in zebrafish SIGIRR缺陷加重了斑马鱼海洋分枝杆菌诱导的死亡和肝细胞凋亡。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105499

Ting Yu , Haoxiang Chen , Peipei Yu , Simei Hu , Kai Luo , Weihua Gao , Hanwen Yuan , Zhang Jingchen , Yang Xuefen , Shuhuan Zhang , Qiaoqing Xu , Qingping Lian

SIGIRR is a cell membrane protein in the TIR superfamily, widely expressed in tissues and organs. It has a unique structure and acts as a negative regulator of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. Danio rerio (zebrafish) were experimentally infected with Mycobacterium marinum to investigate the role of SIGIRR in modulating host immune responses to bacterial infection. Following intraperitoneal injection of M. marinum, SIGIRR gene-deficient zebrafish exhibited an earlier onset of mortality compared to wild type, with the first death occurring sooner and all individuals dying by the fifth week. Wild-type zebrafish began dying in week two and all died by week seven, while SIGIRR^−/− mutants died significantly faster. A zebrafish liver cell model was established, and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry 24 h post-infection. Apoptosis was 16 % in wild-type cells and 25 % in SIGIRR^−/− mutant cells. The addition of SIGIRR polyclonal antibody to wild-type liver cells increased apoptosis to 18 % after M. marinum challenge. Significant differences were observed among the three groups. These results show that SIGIRR critically suppresses the inflammatory response during bacterial infection.

SIGIRR是TIR超家族中的一种细胞膜蛋白，在组织和器官中广泛表达。它具有独特的结构，并作为下游炎症信号通路的负调节因子。利用斑马鱼感染海洋分枝杆菌，研究SIGIRR在调节宿主对细菌感染的免疫应答中的作用。在腹腔注射海洋分枝杆菌后，SIGIRR基因缺陷斑马鱼与野生型相比表现出更早的死亡，第一次死亡发生得更快，所有个体在第五周死亡。野生型斑马鱼在第二周开始死亡，到第七周全部死亡，而SIGIRR-/-突变体的死亡速度要快得多。建立斑马鱼肝细胞模型，用流式细胞术检测感染24 h后的细胞凋亡情况。野生型细胞的凋亡率为16%，SIGIRR-/-突变细胞的凋亡率为25%。在野生型肝细胞中添加SIGIRR多克隆抗体，使海洋分枝杆菌攻毒后的凋亡率提高到18%。三组间差异有统计学意义。这些结果表明SIGIRR在细菌感染期间严重抑制炎症反应。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic characterization and host immune responses to Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii 罗氏沼虾彩虹十足病毒1 （DIV1）的基因组特征及其宿主免疫应答。

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Developmental and comparative immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105491

Jingwen Hao , Yukun Jie , Zhibin Lu , Tiantian Ye , Jilun Meng , Cui Liu , Junjun Yan , Yutong Zheng , Zaijie Dong , Zhimin Gu

Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is an emerging virus associated with high morbidity and mortality in crustaceans. In this study, we obtained a novel, highly pathogenic strain of DIV1, named DIV1-ZH, and performed whole-genome sequencing. The full length of the DIV1-ZH genome is 166,964 bp, with a GC content of 34.56 %. A total of 176 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the predicted major capsid protein (MCP), DIV1-ZH has a high homology with CQIV and SHIV. The 50 % lethal dose (LD₅₀) of the DIV1-ZH strain for M. rosenbergii at 72 h post-infection was estimated to be 1.30 × 10⁸ copies/mL, accompanied by characteristic clinical signs such as a white triangle at the rostrum base and gut emptiness. Viral load measurements showed rapid viral replication in hepatopancreas, gills, and intestine from 0 to 72 hpi. Histopathology revealed eosinophilic inclusions, nuclear pyknosis, parenchymal necrosis, and immune cell infiltration in the hepatopancreas. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of icosahedral viral particles in the cytoplasm of hepatopancreatic and intestinal cells. In addition, qRT-PCR revealed significant upregulation of immune-related genes (TPI, RSAD2, Caspase3, Crustin, ALF2, ALF5) in infected tissues, indicating a robust host immune response. These results provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis and host interactions of DIV1-ZH, and lay the groundwork for future prevention and control strategies in crustacean aquaculture.

十足动物虹彩病毒1 （DIV1）是一种在甲壳类动物中具有高发病率和高死亡率的新兴病毒。在这项研究中，我们获得了一种新的高致病性DIV1菌株，命名为DIV1- zh，并进行了全基因组测序。DIV1-ZH基因组全长166,964 bp， GC含量为34.56%。共发现176个开放阅读框（orf）。根据预测的主要衣壳蛋白（MCP）的系统发育分析，DIV1-ZH与CQIV和SHIV具有高度的同源性。据估计，感染后72小时，DIV1-ZH菌株对罗氏分枝杆菌的50%致死量（LD50）为1.30 × 108 copies/mL，并伴有典型的临床症状，如菌坛底部出现白色三角形和肠道空性。病毒载量测量显示，从0到72 hpi，病毒在肝胰腺、鳃和肠道中快速复制。肝胰腺组织病理显示嗜酸性包涵体、核固缩、实质坏死和免疫细胞浸润。电镜检查证实肝、胰、肠细胞细胞质中存在二十面体病毒颗粒。此外，qRT-PCR结果显示，感染组织中免疫相关基因（TPI、RSAD2、Caspase3、Crustin、ALF2、ALF5）显著上调，表明宿主免疫应答强烈。这些结果为进一步了解DIV1-ZH的分子发病机制和宿主相互作用提供了新的见解，并为今后甲壳类水产养殖中的防治策略奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0