Many authors have proposed sophisticated mcxiels to describe hypertext at different levels and for different purposes and have provided in-house developed systems implementing their models. However, hypertext-~ypermedia application development is often carried on using commercial hypertext systems based on a very simple model. This paper presents HCT (Hypertext Cornpiling Tools), a set of tools to translate hypertexthypermedia applications designed using a hig,h-level model (HDM, Hypermedia Design Model) into applications implemented by a commercial hypertext system (ToolBook). Although each single tool is specific to either HDM or ToolBook, the approach is presented in a more general way. Results obtained in application development are summarized.
{"title":"Matching hypertext models to hypertext systems","authors":"A. Caloini","doi":"10.1145/168466.168500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168500","url":null,"abstract":"Many authors have proposed sophisticated mcxiels to describe hypertext at different levels and for different purposes and have provided in-house developed systems implementing their models. However, hypertext-~ypermedia application development is often carried on using commercial hypertext systems based on a very simple model. This paper presents HCT (Hypertext Cornpiling Tools), a set of tools to translate hypertexthypermedia applications designed using a hig,h-level model (HDM, Hypermedia Design Model) into applications implemented by a commercial hypertext system (ToolBook). Although each single tool is specific to either HDM or ToolBook, the approach is presented in a more general way. Results obtained in application development are summarized.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127846163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach to flexible hyperbase (hypertext database) support predicated on the notion of extensibility is presented. The extensible hypertext platform (Hyperform) implements basic hyperbase services that can be tailored to provide specialized hyperbase support. Hyperform is based on an internal computational engine that provides an objectoriented extension language which allows new data model objects and operations to be added at runtime. Hyperform has a number of built-in classes to provide basic hyperbase features such as concurrency control, notification control (events), access control, version control and search and query. Each of these classes can be specialized using multiple inheritance to form virtually any type of hyperbase support needed in next generation hypertext systems. This approach greatly reduces the effort required to provide high quality customized hyperbase support for distributed hypertext applications. Hyperform is implemented and operational in Unix environments. This paper describes the Hyperform approach, discusses its advantages and disadvantages, and gives examples of simulating the HAM and the Danish HyperBase in Hyperform. Hyperform is compared with related work from the HAM generation of hyperbase systems and the current status of the project is reviewed.
{"title":"Hyperform: using extensibility to develop dynamic, open, and distributed hypertext systems","authors":"U. Wiil, J. Leggett","doi":"10.1145/168466.171510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171510","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to flexible hyperbase (hypertext database) support predicated on the notion of extensibility is presented. The extensible hypertext platform (Hyperform) implements basic hyperbase services that can be tailored to provide specialized hyperbase support. Hyperform is based on an internal computational engine that provides an objectoriented extension language which allows new data model objects and operations to be added at runtime. Hyperform has a number of built-in classes to provide basic hyperbase features such as concurrency control, notification control (events), access control, version control and search and query. Each of these classes can be specialized using multiple inheritance to form virtually any type of hyperbase support needed in next generation hypertext systems. This approach greatly reduces the effort required to provide high quality customized hyperbase support for distributed hypertext applications. Hyperform is implemented and operational in Unix environments. This paper describes the Hyperform approach, discusses its advantages and disadvantages, and gives examples of simulating the HAM and the Danish HyperBase in Hyperform. Hyperform is compared with related work from the HAM generation of hyperbase systems and the current status of the project is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127581373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypermedia links were invented to support the manual browsing through large hypertext or hypermedia collections. However, retrieving specific portions of information in such a collection cannot be achieved by browsing only retrieval mechanisms are necessary. In this paper we show how to use the semantic content of hypertext links for retrieval. We presimt speeial purpose indexing and retrieval algorithms that exploit the node and link content. First retrieval results in a hypertext test colle&ion are presented the results are clearly better than those obtained when the links are ignored. The hope is that these results can be extended to hypermedia information and that they w be improved by more sophisticated indexing algorithms.
{"title":"Making use of hypertext links when retrieving information","authors":"H. Frei, D. Stieger","doi":"10.1145/168466.168502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168502","url":null,"abstract":"Hypermedia links were invented to support the manual browsing through large hypertext or hypermedia collections. However, retrieving specific portions of information in such a collection cannot be achieved by browsing only retrieval mechanisms are necessary. In this paper we show how to use the semantic content of hypertext links for retrieval. We presimt speeial purpose indexing and retrieval algorithms that exploit the node and link content. First retrieval results in a hypertext test colle&ion are presented the results are clearly better than those obtained when the links are ignored. The hope is that these results can be extended to hypermedia information and that they w be improved by more sophisticated indexing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114223443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The MuG project has been designed and developed at “Istituto di Discipline dells Comunicazione”, University of Bologna, by D. Barbieri, B. Bassi, G. Blasi, A. Fogli, L. Freina, C. Marmo, M. Mattioli, P. Niccolai, D. Singer under supervision of Umberto Eco. The project has been sponsored by Olivetti. MuG is a hypermedia system providing a unitary representation of the events of European culture and history. The system is designed to cover subjects related to Political, Social and Economic history, as well as the history of Science and Technology, Arts, Literature, Philosophy and Religion enabling the user to switch easily from one cultural sspect to the other. The initial prototype partially covers European civilization in the 17th Century, but the project concerns the whole history of Europe. MuG is meant as a teaching aid for students of the first years of University curricula and the last years of secondary schools. The ultimate purpose of the system is to constitute a useful tool for historical research and presentation as well as teaching. The system is shaped into three interconnected environments:
{"title":"Hypermedia for teaching and learning (abstract): a multimedia guide to the history of European civilization","authors":"U. Eco","doi":"10.1145/168466.171524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171524","url":null,"abstract":"The MuG project has been designed and developed at “Istituto di Discipline dells Comunicazione”, University of Bologna, by D. Barbieri, B. Bassi, G. Blasi, A. Fogli, L. Freina, C. Marmo, M. Mattioli, P. Niccolai, D. Singer under supervision of Umberto Eco. The project has been sponsored by Olivetti. MuG is a hypermedia system providing a unitary representation of the events of European culture and history. The system is designed to cover subjects related to Political, Social and Economic history, as well as the history of Science and Technology, Arts, Literature, Philosophy and Religion enabling the user to switch easily from one cultural sspect to the other. The initial prototype partially covers European civilization in the 17th Century, but the project concerns the whole history of Europe. MuG is meant as a teaching aid for students of the first years of University curricula and the last years of secondary schools. The ultimate purpose of the system is to constitute a useful tool for historical research and presentation as well as teaching. The system is shaped into three interconnected environments:","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discussion of hypertext rhetoric and criticism has foeused on small, freed hypertext that am typically used by casual readers for comparatively short periods. Here we explo~ complex, constructive hypertext, intended to inform and to infIuence dedicated and thoughtful readers. Recurrence and multivalence, both deplored in small hypertext, prove from study of mom complex texts to be very valuable. While static, graph-theoretic measures facilitate understanding of Ioeal hypertext structure, the structures of meaning or contours we observe in current hypertext fiction and scholarship do not appear to reside in static structures, but rather in the complex and dynamic perceptions of the engagedreader.
{"title":"Contours of constructive hypertexts","authors":"M. Bernstein, Michael Joyce, David Levine","doi":"10.1145/168466.168517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168517","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion of hypertext rhetoric and criticism has foeused on small, freed hypertext that am typically used by casual readers for comparatively short periods. Here we explo~ complex, constructive hypertext, intended to inform and to infIuence dedicated and thoughtful readers. Recurrence and multivalence, both deplored in small hypertext, prove from study of mom complex texts to be very valuable. While static, graph-theoretic measures facilitate understanding of Ioeal hypertext structure, the structures of meaning or contours we observe in current hypertext fiction and scholarship do not appear to reside in static structures, but rather in the complex and dynamic perceptions of the engagedreader.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129892908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports the comparative evaluations by fifteen experienced hypertext users of three hypertext systems (Intermedia, Interleaf WorldView, and Storyspace) to carry out both simple information retrieval and more complex cognitive tasks. In contrast to, approaches that compare hypertext versions of print documents to print documents, our research began with materials originally created for an electronic environment—the award-winning Dickens Web. The evaluators’ detailed narratives, which show that hypertext documents can exist independently of specific hypertext systems, also suggest points that designers of hypertext systems and hypertext authors must take into account. These points include the value of fulltext search vs. link following, and the importance of content expertise. Finally, we report on the importance of singlevs. hi-directional thinking, multiple linking from a single point, and web views.
{"title":"Where's the hypertext: The Dickens Web as a system-independent hypertext","authors":"G. Landow, P. Kahn","doi":"10.1145/168466.168515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the comparative evaluations by fifteen experienced hypertext users of three hypertext systems (Intermedia, Interleaf WorldView, and Storyspace) to carry out both simple information retrieval and more complex cognitive tasks. In contrast to, approaches that compare hypertext versions of print documents to print documents, our research began with materials originally created for an electronic environment—the award-winning Dickens Web. The evaluators’ detailed narratives, which show that hypertext documents can exist independently of specific hypertext systems, also suggest points that designers of hypertext systems and hypertext authors must take into account. These points include the value of fulltext search vs. link following, and the importance of content expertise. Finally, we report on the importance of singlevs. hi-directional thinking, multiple linking from a single point, and web views.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes how to use statecharts to model hypertext. Statechart is a formal graphical model based on state transition diagram and hypergraph. The statechart model is compared with other models for hypertext based on simple node-and-link graph, first-order logic formulae, hypergraph, and petri net. The features of statecharts relevant to the modeling of hypertext are described. Statecharts for the common features in frame-based and scrolling-based hypertext are given. Then statecharts are used to model the various buttons supported in a real-life production hypertext system, Guide (both the Unix version and the version marketed by Owl International Inc.). These examples illustrate that statecharts can be used to abstract the structure from the content of hypertext, and to model the structure and the browsing semantics of hypertext clearly and vividly.
本文描述了如何使用状态图对超文本进行建模。状态图是一种基于状态转移图和超图的形式化图形模型。将状态图模型与其他基于简单节点链接图、一阶逻辑公式、超图和petri网的超文本模型进行了比较。描述了与超文本建模相关的状态图的特征。给出了基于框架的超文本和基于滚动的超文本的共同特征的状态图。然后使用状态图对实际生产的超文本系统Guide (Unix版本和Owl International Inc.销售的版本)中支持的各种按钮进行建模。这些例子说明状态图可以用来从超文本的内容中抽象出结构，并且可以清晰形象地对超文本的结构和浏览语义进行建模。
{"title":"Using statecharts to model hypertext","authors":"Yi Zheng, M. Pong","doi":"10.1145/168466.168532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168532","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how to use statecharts to model hypertext. Statechart is a formal graphical model based on state transition diagram and hypergraph. The statechart model is compared with other models for hypertext based on simple node-and-link graph, first-order logic formulae, hypergraph, and petri net. The features of statecharts relevant to the modeling of hypertext are described. Statecharts for the common features in frame-based and scrolling-based hypertext are given. Then statecharts are used to model the various buttons supported in a real-life production hypertext system, Guide (both the Unix version and the version marketed by Owl International Inc.). These examples illustrate that statecharts can be used to abstract the structure from the content of hypertext, and to model the structure and the browsing semantics of hypertext clearly and vividly.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of the hypertext paradigm to information retrieval requires 1) an automatic generation of hypertext links, 2) a compact graphical representation of the data. After a brief review of the family of neural algorithms required for deriving a compact and relevant representation of a documentary database, as well as links between synthetic “topics” and documents, we present a user interfaee based on these grounds. This representation is two-step : 1) a global topics map, 2) local topic axes, ranking both terms and documents according to the values of their “centrality index”. A prototype, running in a Macintosh environment and implementing a basic version of this browser, is then described and commented.
{"title":"Hypertext paradigm in the field of information retrieval: a neural approach","authors":"A. Lelu, Claire François","doi":"10.1145/168466.168503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168503","url":null,"abstract":"Application of the hypertext paradigm to information retrieval requires 1) an automatic generation of hypertext links, 2) a compact graphical representation of the data. After a brief review of the family of neural algorithms required for deriving a compact and relevant representation of a documentary database, as well as links between synthetic “topics” and documents, we present a user interfaee based on these grounds. This representation is two-step : 1) a global topics map, 2) local topic axes, ranking both terms and documents according to the values of their “centrality index”. A prototype, running in a Macintosh environment and implementing a basic version of this browser, is then described and commented.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127980527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the scripting facilities built on top of WEBSS, an interactive system for the creation and consultation of electronic books. The sclipting environment relies on the same object-oriented software architecture used in the design of the WEBSs application, rendering it consistently integratcxi with the other components of the system. Scripts enhance the application in two ways. First, the ability to combine basic WEBSS actions allows users to easily define new high-level functions like, for example, the automatic creation of tables of contents and indexes. Secondly, the behavior of the objects that constitute an electronic book can be enriched by writing scripts that will be automatically executed each time a triggering object performs a specific action. The main originality of our scripting model resides in the fact that a script maybe attached not only to an individual object, but also to all objects of a specific class, or to all objects in a certain set.
{"title":"An object-oriented scripting environment for the WEBSs electronic book system","authors":"J. Monnard, J. Pasquier-Rocha","doi":"10.1145/168466.168498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168498","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the scripting facilities built on top of WEBSS, an interactive system for the creation and consultation of electronic books. The sclipting environment relies on the same object-oriented software architecture used in the design of the WEBSs application, rendering it consistently integratcxi with the other components of the system. Scripts enhance the application in two ways. First, the ability to combine basic WEBSS actions allows users to easily define new high-level functions like, for example, the automatic creation of tables of contents and indexes. Secondly, the behavior of the objects that constitute an electronic book can be enriched by writing scripts that will be automatically executed each time a triggering object performs a specific action. The main originality of our scripting model resides in the fact that a script maybe attached not only to an individual object, but also to all objects of a specific class, or to all objects in a certain set.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129451247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of the Guide hypertext system has been progressing at the University of Kent since 1982. The paper looks back over the mistakes and successes of the last ten years, with a view of drawing some lessons for the future development of hypertext. The reader is not assumed to be a Guide user, and the lessons learned apply to hypertext systems in general.
{"title":"UNIX guide: lessons from ten years' development","authors":"P. Brown","doi":"10.1145/168466.168492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168492","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the Guide hypertext system has been progressing at the University of Kent since 1982. The paper looks back over the mistakes and successes of the last ten years, with a view of drawing some lessons for the future development of hypertext. The reader is not assumed to be a Guide user, and the lessons learned apply to hypertext systems in general.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134263906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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