{"title":"Technical briefing: Experience with the use of Acrobat in the CAJUN publishing project","authors":"D. Brailsford","doi":"10.1145/192757.376057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.376057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132901341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-window interfaces allow users to work on logically independent taks simultaneously in different sets of windows and to move among these logical tasks at will (e.g., through selecting a window in a different task). Hypertext backtracking should be able to treat each logical task separately. Combining all traversals in a single chronological history log would violate the user's mental model and cause disorientation. In this paper we introduce task-based backtracking, a technique for backtracking within the various logical tasks a user may be working on at any given time. We present a preliminary algorithm for its implementation. We also discuss several ramifications of multi-window backtracking including the types of events history logs must record, deleting nodes from history logs that appear in multiple logical tasks, and in general the choices hypermedia designers face in multi-window environments.
{"title":"Backtracking in a multiple-window hypertext environment","authors":"M. Bieber, Jiangling Wan","doi":"10.1145/192757.192792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192792","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-window interfaces allow users to work on logically independent taks simultaneously in different sets of windows and to move among these logical tasks at will (e.g., through selecting a window in a different task). Hypertext backtracking should be able to treat each logical task separately. Combining all traversals in a single chronological history log would violate the user's mental model and cause disorientation. In this paper we introduce task-based backtracking, a technique for backtracking within the various logical tasks a user may be working on at any given time. We present a preliminary algorithm for its implementation. We also discuss several ramifications of multi-window backtracking including the types of events history logs must record, deleting nodes from history logs that appear in multiple logical tasks, and in general the choices hypermedia designers face in multi-window environments.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115069266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Paolini, R. Glushko, D. Dougherty, E. Kimber, A. Rizk, D. Russell, Kent Summers
Moderator: Prof. Paolo Paolini, Politecnico Di Milano Hypertext applications and tools in general deal with “passive” media. Values of passive media are static, in the sense that as time progresses their presentation (state) does not change. Values of active media have the property of changing presentation (evolution of the state), as time progresses. Active media such as video, animation and sound are becoming a “necessity” in most recent Hypertext applications. The panel discusses the impact of the introduction of active media in the area of hypertext. The impact of active media upon hypertext can involve several aspects: presentation of the content, design of the applications, structuring techniques of the applications, interplay between synchronization and links, runtime support, communication performances and techniques for LAN or WAN architectures. Panelists argue that: . Hypertext should remain well separated from Multimedia, being a separated field, with a different set of notions and needs; . A limited number of changes will be enough in order to adapt most of the Hypertext notions and techniques to multimedia; . A revolution is needed.
{"title":"Does multimedia make a difference? (Panel)","authors":"P. Paolini, R. Glushko, D. Dougherty, E. Kimber, A. Rizk, D. Russell, Kent Summers","doi":"10.1145/192757.192838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192838","url":null,"abstract":"Moderator: Prof. Paolo Paolini, Politecnico Di Milano Hypertext applications and tools in general deal with “passive” media. Values of passive media are static, in the sense that as time progresses their presentation (state) does not change. Values of active media have the property of changing presentation (evolution of the state), as time progresses. Active media such as video, animation and sound are becoming a “necessity” in most recent Hypertext applications. The panel discusses the impact of the introduction of active media in the area of hypertext. The impact of active media upon hypertext can involve several aspects: presentation of the content, design of the applications, structuring techniques of the applications, interplay between synchronization and links, runtime support, communication performances and techniques for LAN or WAN architectures. Panelists argue that: . Hypertext should remain well separated from Multimedia, being a separated field, with a different set of notions and needs; . A limited number of changes will be enough in order to adapt most of the Hypertext notions and techniques to multimedia; . A revolution is needed.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122550576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the crucial properties of documents through the ages has been their fixity. The ability to mark surfaces in relatively stable ways has made it possible for people distributed across space and time to see the same images and thereby to have access to the same meanings or communicative intent. Today, however, with the increasing use of digital technologies, it is often asserted that we are moving from the fixed world of paper documents to the fluid world of digital documents. In this paper I challenge this assertion, arguing instead that all documents, regardless of medium, are fixed and fluid. Thus, although paper documents do fix aspects of communication, they do (and must) also change; and although digital documents are easily changeable, they must also be capable of remaining fixed. I make use of this analysis in two ways: first, to examine the fixity and fluidity of hypertext; and second, to critique Bolter's argument in Writing Space concerning the movement from “fixed to fluid.”
{"title":"Fixed or fluid?: document stability and new media","authors":"D. Levy","doi":"10.1145/192757.192760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192760","url":null,"abstract":"One of the crucial properties of documents through the ages has been their fixity. The ability to mark surfaces in relatively stable ways has made it possible for people distributed across space and time to see the same images and thereby to have access to the same meanings or communicative intent. Today, however, with the increasing use of digital technologies, it is often asserted that we are moving from the fixed world of paper documents to the fluid world of digital documents. In this paper I challenge this assertion, arguing instead that all documents, regardless of medium, are fixed and fluid. Thus, although paper documents do fix aspects of communication, they do (and must) also change; and although digital documents are easily changeable, they must also be capable of remaining fixed. I make use of this analysis in two ways: first, to examine the fixity and fluidity of hypertext; and second, to critique Bolter's argument in Writing Space concerning the movement from “fixed to fluid.”","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127144369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The architecture and some of the realized functionality of a prototype Editor's Workbench that supports the creation and maintenance of an object-oriented publisher's knowledge base is presented. The knowledge base is the repository not only for the actual publication content, but for all the information needed to manage and control the publication process. The concrete application context is an art history reference work. We discuss content acquisition and data modelling aspects of the underlying object network.
{"title":"An Editor's Workbench for an art history reference work","authors":"L. Rostek, W. Möhr","doi":"10.1145/192757.192835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192835","url":null,"abstract":"The architecture and some of the realized functionality of a prototype Editor's Workbench that supports the creation and maintenance of an object-oriented publisher's knowledge base is presented. The knowledge base is the repository not only for the actual publication content, but for all the information needed to manage and control the publication process. The concrete application context is an art history reference work. We discuss content acquisition and data modelling aspects of the underlying object network.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133826765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Networks are becoming increasingly available and hypertext systems with networking capabilities are currently enjoying exponential growth. The vast majority of hypertext systems were not, however, designed to cater for networking. This paper examines whether it is possible to add networking to such systems and, if so, whether it can be done without upsetting existing hyperdocuments, existing authors and existing readers. The examination is done using one specific hypertext system, UNIX Guide, but the lessons are, I hope, more general.
{"title":"Adding networking to hypertext: can it be done transparently?","authors":"P. Brown","doi":"10.1145/192757.192769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192769","url":null,"abstract":"Networks are becoming increasingly available and hypertext systems with networking capabilities are currently enjoying exponential growth. The vast majority of hypertext systems were not, however, designed to cater for networking. This paper examines whether it is possible to add networking to such systems and, if so, whether it can be done without upsetting existing hyperdocuments, existing authors and existing readers. The examination is done using one specific hypertext system, UNIX Guide, but the lessons are, I hope, more general.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132343349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At GMD-IPSI we are developing CoVer, a contextual version server for hypertext applications. Another characterization of CoVer is that CoVer integrates state-oriented versioning concepts with task-oriented versioning concepts. While other version models in general support only one of these groups of concepts, we argue that the explicit composition of versions of complex hypertext networks has to be complemented by automatic version creation in the context of tasks or jobs performed while manipulating the hypertext network and vice versa. Regarding the implementation of version models, it turns out that the state-oriented implementation approach—representing every legal state of a hyperdocument explicitly—and the task-oriented implementation approach—computing versions of complex hypertext networks due to changes executed during a task or job—are interchangeable. While the separation of state- and task-oriented concepts at the conceptual level of the version model is desireable to support version creation and selection for different hypertext applications, the implementation of such a dual model can be based on a single implementation approach. This paper discusses both types of implementation with an emphasis to cope with alternative versions that are in particular meaningful for hypertext publishing applications.
{"title":"Under CoVer: the implementation of a contextual version server for hypertext applications","authors":"A. Haake","doi":"10.1145/192757.192776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192776","url":null,"abstract":"At GMD-IPSI we are developing CoVer, a contextual version server for hypertext applications. Another characterization of CoVer is that CoVer integrates state-oriented versioning concepts with task-oriented versioning concepts. While other version models in general support only one of these groups of concepts, we argue that the explicit composition of versions of complex hypertext networks has to be complemented by automatic version creation in the context of tasks or jobs performed while manipulating the hypertext network and vice versa. Regarding the implementation of version models, it turns out that the state-oriented implementation approach—representing every legal state of a hyperdocument explicitly—and the task-oriented implementation approach—computing versions of complex hypertext networks due to changes executed during a task or job—are interchangeable. While the separation of state- and task-oriented concepts at the conceptual level of the version model is desireable to support version creation and selection for different hypertext applications, the implementation of such a dual model can be based on a single implementation approach. This paper discusses both types of implementation with an emphasis to cope with alternative versions that are in particular meaningful for hypertext publishing applications.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129212995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper talks about clustering related nodes of an overview diagram to reduce its complexity and size. This is because although overview diagrams are useful for helping the user to navigate in a hypermedia system, for any real-world system these become too complicated and large to be really useful. Both structure-based and content-based clustering are used. Since the nodes can be related to each other in different ways, depending on the situation different clustered views will be useful. Hence, it should be possible to interactively specify the clustering conditions and examine the resulting views. We present efficient clustering algorithms which can cluster the information space in real-time. We talk about the Navigational View Builder, a tool that allows the interactive development of overview diagrams. Finally, we propose a 3-dimensional approach for visualizing these abstracted views.
{"title":"Interactive clustering for navigating in hypermedia systems","authors":"Sougata Mukherjea, J. Foley, S. Hudson","doi":"10.1145/192757.192787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192787","url":null,"abstract":"This paper talks about clustering related nodes of an overview diagram to reduce its complexity and size. This is because although overview diagrams are useful for helping the user to navigate in a hypermedia system, for any real-world system these become too complicated and large to be really useful. Both structure-based and content-based clustering are used. Since the nodes can be related to each other in different ways, depending on the situation different clustered views will be useful. Hence, it should be possible to interactively specify the clustering conditions and examine the resulting views. We present efficient clustering algorithms which can cluster the information space in real-time. We talk about the Navigational View Builder, a tool that allows the interactive development of overview diagrams. Finally, we propose a 3-dimensional approach for visualizing these abstracted views.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127703219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In taxonomic reasoning tasks, such as scientific research or decision making, people gain insight and find new ideas through analysis of large numbers of factual data or material documents, which are generally disorganized and unstructured. Hypermedia technology provides effective means of organizing and browsing information with such nature. However, for large amounts of information, the conventional node-link model makes linking or browsing operations be complicated because their relationship have to be represented as binary relations. In this paper, we propose a hypermedia data model call Frame-Axis Model, which represents relationship between information as N-ary relations on mapped space. Also, the automatic information organizing mechanism which is based on this data model and the browsing interface HyperCharts which employ spatial layout are provided. Finally, we show some browsing examples on our working prototype system, CastingNet.
{"title":"Frame-axis model for automatic information organizing and spatial navigation","authors":"Yoshihiro Masuda, Yasuhiro Ishitobi, Manabu Ueda","doi":"10.1145/192757.192789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192789","url":null,"abstract":"In taxonomic reasoning tasks, such as scientific research or decision making, people gain insight and find new ideas through analysis of large numbers of factual data or material documents, which are generally disorganized and unstructured. Hypermedia technology provides effective means of organizing and browsing information with such nature. However, for large amounts of information, the conventional node-link model makes linking or browsing operations be complicated because their relationship have to be represented as binary relations. In this paper, we propose a hypermedia data model call Frame-Axis Model, which represents relationship between information as N-ary relations on mapped space. Also, the automatic information organizing mechanism which is based on this data model and the browsing interface HyperCharts which employ spatial layout are provided. Finally, we show some browsing examples on our working prototype system, CastingNet.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132932570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power plant operation and control in modern screen-based control rooms takes place using computer displays which are directly coupled to the plant state. However, operators are provided with operational instructions and background information by means of paper manuals or at best hypertext manuals with fixed structure and contents. Thus, information presentation is independent of the current situation. To improve information accessibility we developed a situation-dependent information medium: responsive manuals. A responsive manual consists of a “standard” hypertext-based operational manual and a task description. It monitors the changing situation and based on this is able to point to relevant information. To show the advantages of the responsive manual approach in the domain of power plant operation we implemented the SIROG (situation-related operational guidance) system in close cooperation with Siemans. It covers all parts of an operational manual for accidents in a Siemans nuclear power plant, and is coupled directly to the plant state. The article discusses the basics of the responsive manuals approach and the role of “responsiveness” in SIROG.
{"title":"SIROG: a responsive hypertext manual","authors":"Lothar Simon, J. Erdmann","doi":"10.1145/192757.192784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/192757.192784","url":null,"abstract":"Power plant operation and control in modern screen-based control rooms takes place using computer displays which are directly coupled to the plant state. However, operators are provided with operational instructions and background information by means of paper manuals or at best hypertext manuals with fixed structure and contents. Thus, information presentation is independent of the current situation.\u0000To improve information accessibility we developed a situation-dependent information medium: responsive manuals. A responsive manual consists of a “standard” hypertext-based operational manual and a task description. It monitors the changing situation and based on this is able to point to relevant information.\u0000To show the advantages of the responsive manual approach in the domain of power plant operation we implemented the SIROG (situation-related operational guidance) system in close cooperation with Siemans. It covers all parts of an operational manual for accidents in a Siemans nuclear power plant, and is coupled directly to the plant state. The article discusses the basics of the responsive manuals approach and the role of “responsiveness” in SIROG.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130783679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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