We present an extensible data model for hyperdocuments. It is intended to serve as the basis for integrating hypermedia systems with other information sources, such as object-oriented database management systems, information retrieval systems, and engineering CAD tools. Hyperdocuments are described by means of a small number of powerful constructs that integrate their structural and behavioral aspects. The different instantiations and combinations of these constructs yield an open class of hyperdocuments. Nodes, anchors, and links are all considered first-class objects and modeling constructs are applicable to all of them. These constructs permit a description of the multiple levels of functionality of an object within a hyperdocument, and the packaging of the different views of an object. Composite objects range over an extensible collection of structures including networks, sets, time-lines, and three-dimensional space CAD models.
{"title":"An extensible data model for hyperdocuments","authors":"P. D. Bra, G. Houben, Yoram Kornatzky","doi":"10.1145/168466.168530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168530","url":null,"abstract":"We present an extensible data model for hyperdocuments. It is intended to serve as the basis for integrating hypermedia systems with other information sources, such as object-oriented database management systems, information retrieval systems, and engineering CAD tools. Hyperdocuments are described by means of a small number of powerful constructs that integrate their structural and behavioral aspects. The different instantiations and combinations of these constructs yield an open class of hyperdocuments. Nodes, anchors, and links are all considered first-class objects and modeling constructs are applicable to all of them. These constructs permit a description of the multiple levels of functionality of an object within a hyperdocument, and the packaging of the different views of an object. Composite objects range over an extensible collection of structures including networks, sets, time-lines, and three-dimensional space CAD models.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124961563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have designed and implemented a system for creating, editing, and displaying hypermedia dOcuments. This system uses an improved document model with two major feat ures. First, it allows authors to specify temporal synchronization constraints among events of interest within media segments. Second, it allows asynchronous material, such as user interaction, links, or programs, to be combined with richly coordinated synchronous material in a single hypermedia document. The system incorporates a linear programming algorithm to solve the temporal constraints. This process automatically constructs a schedule for displaying a document and may involve stretching or shrinking media segments. Because synchronization constraints record the author’s intentions and because the system creates schedules automatically, both creating documents and maintaining them thr~ughout their life cycles should be easier.
{"title":"Specifying temporal behavior in hypermedia documents","authors":"M. C. Buchanan, P. Zellweger","doi":"10.1145/168466.171513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171513","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed and implemented a system for creating, editing, and displaying hypermedia dOcuments. This system uses an improved document model with two major feat ures. First, it allows authors to specify temporal synchronization constraints among events of interest within media segments. Second, it allows asynchronous material, such as user interaction, links, or programs, to be combined with richly coordinated synchronous material in a single hypermedia document. The system incorporates a linear programming algorithm to solve the temporal constraints. This process automatically constructs a schedule for displaying a document and may involve stretching or shrinking media segments. Because synchronization constraints record the author’s intentions and because the system creates schedules automatically, both creating documents and maintaining them thr~ughout their life cycles should be easier.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132166757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fishing for Clarity in Hyperdocuments with Enhanced Fisheye-Views K. Tochtermann, G. Dittrich UniversiQ of Dortmund Department of Computer Science, LS 1 P.O. Box 500500 D-4600 Dortmund 50; Germany e-mail: tochterm@jupiter.i?glormutik.um”-dortmund.de Phone: ++49-231-7556326 It is known that fisheye-views prove beneficial to users who get lost in hyperspace. Until now, the fisheye-view strategy, introduced by Fumas, is only applicable in structures where the necessary components of the fisheye-view function can be defined. Unfortunately, directed graphs are structures where the fisheye-view function of Furnas cannot be applied. Therefore the fisheye-view concept was of limited value in hyperdocuments represented by such graphs. To overcome this lack, this paper proposes an enhancement of Furnas’ function to allow its application in hyperdoeuments of that kind. We will begin with a short review of Furnas’ well-known fisheye-view concept. Thereafter, we wilt discuss the problems that arise when one attempts to apply the concept in so-called ,,unstructured” hyperdocuments. The results of this discussion lead to the development of a function which satisfies the requirements of the concept, and allows its use in hyperdocuments of almost any structure. To show that the fisheye-view concept of Fumas remains fulfilled, an appropriate theorem is formulated. The result is that the benefits of the fisheye-view concept can now be appreciated in ,,unstructured” hyperdocuments. In closing, we offer a detailed example, which illustrates the behavior of the enhanced fisheye-view function. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92 /0011/0212/ $1.50
K. Tochtermann, G. Dittrich多特蒙德大学计算机科学系，LS 1 P.O. Box 500500 D-4600多特蒙德50;德国e-mail: tochterm@jupiter.i?glormutik.um " -dortmund.de电话:++49-231-7556326众所周知，鱼眼视图对迷失在超空间中的用户有益。到目前为止，由Fumas引入的鱼眼视图策略仅适用于可以定义鱼眼视图功能的必要组件的结构。不幸的是，有向图是不能应用弗纳斯鱼眼视图函数的结构。因此，鱼眼视图概念在由这种图表示的超文档中价值有限。为了克服这一不足，本文提出了对Furnas函数的增强，使其能够应用于这类超文档。我们将从弗纳斯著名的鱼眼观概念的简短回顾开始。此后，我们将讨论在所谓的“非结构化”超级文档中应用该概念时出现的问题。讨论的结果导致了满足概念要求的函数的开发，并允许在几乎任何结构的超文档中使用它。为了证明福马斯的鱼眼观概念仍然成立，我们提出了一个适当的定理。结果是鱼眼视图概念的好处现在可以在非结构化的“超级文档”中得到体现。最后，我们提供了一个详细的例子来说明增强鱼眼视图功能的行为。允许免费复制本材料的全部或部分，前提是不为直接商业利益制作或分发副本，出现ACM版权声明和出版物标题及其日期，并通知复制是由计算机械协会许可的。以其他方式复制或重新发布需要付费和/或特定许可。@1992 acm o-89791-547-x /92 /0011/0212/ 1.50美元
{"title":"Fishing for clarity in hyperdocuments with enhanced fisheye-views","authors":"K. Tochtermann, G. Dittrich","doi":"10.1145/168466.168528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168528","url":null,"abstract":"Fishing for Clarity in Hyperdocuments with Enhanced Fisheye-Views K. Tochtermann, G. Dittrich UniversiQ of Dortmund Department of Computer Science, LS 1 P.O. Box 500500 D-4600 Dortmund 50; Germany e-mail: tochterm@jupiter.i?glormutik.um”-dortmund.de Phone: ++49-231-7556326 It is known that fisheye-views prove beneficial to users who get lost in hyperspace. Until now, the fisheye-view strategy, introduced by Fumas, is only applicable in structures where the necessary components of the fisheye-view function can be defined. Unfortunately, directed graphs are structures where the fisheye-view function of Furnas cannot be applied. Therefore the fisheye-view concept was of limited value in hyperdocuments represented by such graphs. To overcome this lack, this paper proposes an enhancement of Furnas’ function to allow its application in hyperdoeuments of that kind. We will begin with a short review of Furnas’ well-known fisheye-view concept. Thereafter, we wilt discuss the problems that arise when one attempts to apply the concept in so-called ,,unstructured” hyperdocuments. The results of this discussion lead to the development of a function which satisfies the requirements of the concept, and allows its use in hyperdocuments of almost any structure. To show that the fisheye-view concept of Fumas remains fulfilled, an appropriate theorem is formulated. The result is that the benefits of the fisheye-view concept can now be appreciated in ,,unstructured” hyperdocuments. In closing, we offer a detailed example, which illustrates the behavior of the enhanced fisheye-view function. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92 /0011/0212/ $1.50","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124666095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the Multicard hypermedia system which has been developed following an open systems approach. Multieard provides a hypermedia toolkit that allows programmers to create and manipulate distributed basic hypermedia structures; an interactive authoringhavigation tool which is itself based on the toollki~ an advanced scripting languagty a multimedia composition editor, as well as a communication protocol that allows the integration of various editors and applications into a single hypermedia network. One of Multieard's features is that it does not itself handle the contents of the nodes. Instead, it eormnunieates with different editors, mming as separate processes, using a set of messages called the M2000 protocol. Multieard has so far been connected in this way to around five different M2000 compliant editors and applications ranging from a basic text editor and data sheet to sophisticated desktop publishing and multimedia composition systems. M2000 mmpliant editors automatically benefit of the Multieard linking facilities and composite structures. Using the Multicard scripting language, M2000 compliant editors ean also annotate their contents with scripts and communicate with each other using event and message transmission. Pertnission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requim.s a fee and/or specific permission.
{"title":"Multicard: an open hypermedia system","authors":"A. Rizk, L. Sauter","doi":"10.1145/168466.168477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168477","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Multicard hypermedia system which has been developed following an open systems approach. Multieard provides a hypermedia toolkit that allows programmers to create and manipulate distributed basic hypermedia structures; an interactive authoringhavigation tool which is itself based on the toollki~ an advanced scripting languagty a multimedia composition editor, as well as a communication protocol that allows the integration of various editors and applications into a single hypermedia network. One of Multieard's features is that it does not itself handle the contents of the nodes. Instead, it eormnunieates with different editors, mming as separate processes, using a set of messages called the M2000 protocol. Multieard has so far been connected in this way to around five different M2000 compliant editors and applications ranging from a basic text editor and data sheet to sophisticated desktop publishing and multimedia composition systems. M2000 mmpliant editors automatically benefit of the Multieard linking facilities and composite structures. Using the Multicard scripting language, M2000 compliant editors ean also annotate their contents with scripts and communicate with each other using event and message transmission. Pertnission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requim.s a fee and/or specific permission.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126844067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract The vision of the technologies that will lead to practical interactive electronic literature was clearly expressed by Bush, Engelbart, Nelson and others several decades ago. The pmctical application of such technologies have been established during the last decade. Despite the fact that such hypertext technologies are now largely effective in operation we find that:. hypertext technology suppliers have not, in general , found a ready and profitable market for their wares. Many suppliers have stumbled and several have failed. q outside the limited area of arcane technical and procedural documentation it is still very difficult to identifj a hypertext product which has experienced any substantial measure of success. q non-hypertext solutions, such as Document Image Processing, and Full-Text Retrieval, continue to grow despite their lower effectiveness in many practical applications. So what has gone wrong? Were we all over ambitious about the eflicacy of interactive documenta-tion? Are we still waiting for the " killer product " to kick-start the market? Can literature and electronic delivery ever mix; or will society look to the electronic device solely to deliver picture and voice? Will the public ever accept text from other than the printed page? The answer lies in a combination of circumstances: q The existence of suitable infrastructure, including such factors as high bandwidth communications channels and effective marketing channels. If our existing channels are compared to, lets say, the transport systems of two hundred years ago, how long will it take us to build the equivalents of the canals, railways, highways, and air transportation systems that we will need? Who will provide them and what will be the commercial basis of their success? As we supply solutions which, due to technological inertia, are non-optimal; how long will it take us to recover from such cul-de-sacs?. The successful new consumer electronic literature products must meet demonstrable mass-market needs. Public accept ante will be driven by the effectiveness of the product at delivering information in a way which is clearly superior to other methods. It will also be driven by factors such as style and fashion which are notoriously difficult to predict. The attitude of the public was also be damaged by highly visible failures-and there may be several on the way! History has shown that technology companies have been poor at predicting such changes in social behaviour, and that when supplied their products often miss the real target. What …
{"title":"The future of electronic literacy (abstract): will hypertext ever find acceptance?","authors":"I. Ritchie","doi":"10.1145/168466.168471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168471","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract The vision of the technologies that will lead to practical interactive electronic literature was clearly expressed by Bush, Engelbart, Nelson and others several decades ago. The pmctical application of such technologies have been established during the last decade. Despite the fact that such hypertext technologies are now largely effective in operation we find that:. hypertext technology suppliers have not, in general , found a ready and profitable market for their wares. Many suppliers have stumbled and several have failed. q outside the limited area of arcane technical and procedural documentation it is still very difficult to identifj a hypertext product which has experienced any substantial measure of success. q non-hypertext solutions, such as Document Image Processing, and Full-Text Retrieval, continue to grow despite their lower effectiveness in many practical applications. So what has gone wrong? Were we all over ambitious about the eflicacy of interactive documenta-tion? Are we still waiting for the \" killer product \" to kick-start the market? Can literature and electronic delivery ever mix; or will society look to the electronic device solely to deliver picture and voice? Will the public ever accept text from other than the printed page? The answer lies in a combination of circumstances: q The existence of suitable infrastructure, including such factors as high bandwidth communications channels and effective marketing channels. If our existing channels are compared to, lets say, the transport systems of two hundred years ago, how long will it take us to build the equivalents of the canals, railways, highways, and air transportation systems that we will need? Who will provide them and what will be the commercial basis of their success? As we supply solutions which, due to technological inertia, are non-optimal; how long will it take us to recover from such cul-de-sacs?. The successful new consumer electronic literature products must meet demonstrable mass-market needs. Public accept ante will be driven by the effectiveness of the product at delivering information in a way which is clearly superior to other methods. It will also be driven by factors such as style and fashion which are notoriously difficult to predict. The attitude of the public was also be damaged by highly visible failures-and there may be several on the way! History has shown that technology companies have been poor at predicting such changes in social behaviour, and that when supplied their products often miss the real target. What …","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115121170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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