In using any hypertext system a user will encounter many technical problems which have been well-documented in the literature. Two of the more serious problems with using hypertext are user disorientation and the retrieval of information. Another less often addressed problem is that of the logical sequencing of nodes. In the work reported in this paper we address these three problems by combining Hammond and Allinson’s guided tour metaphor and Frisse’s information retrieval techniques to dynamically create guided tours for users in direct response to a user’s query. One of the features of our method is that we take advantage of typing of information links in the hypertext to generate a tour which has a judicious sequencing of nodes rather than a simple presentation of hypertext nodes in order of similarity to the user’s query. Our method was empirically tested on a population of 125 users who generated a total 973 individual tours and all user actions and responses to questions were logged. The results of this evaluation are presented in this paper. Acknowledgement: CG would like to acknowledge the support of Telecom Eireann and the Irish-American partnership Scholars program for supporting her in this research. All correspondence regarding this work should be addressed to AFS. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct co-ercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92/0011 /0122/ $1.50
{"title":"Information retrieval from hypertext using dynamically planned guided tours","authors":"Catherine Guinan, A. Smeaton","doi":"10.1145/168466.168506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168506","url":null,"abstract":"In using any hypertext system a user will encounter many technical problems which have been well-documented in the literature. Two of the more serious problems with using hypertext are user disorientation and the retrieval of information. Another less often addressed problem is that of the logical sequencing of nodes. In the work reported in this paper we address these three problems by combining Hammond and Allinson’s guided tour metaphor and Frisse’s information retrieval techniques to dynamically create guided tours for users in direct response to a user’s query. One of the features of our method is that we take advantage of typing of information links in the hypertext to generate a tour which has a judicious sequencing of nodes rather than a simple presentation of hypertext nodes in order of similarity to the user’s query. Our method was empirically tested on a population of 125 users who generated a total 973 individual tours and all user actions and responses to questions were logged. The results of this evaluation are presented in this paper. Acknowledgement: CG would like to acknowledge the support of Telecom Eireann and the Irish-American partnership Scholars program for supporting her in this research. All correspondence regarding this work should be addressed to AFS. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct co-ercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92/0011 /0122/ $1.50","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128795000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquanet is a collaborative hypertext tool that combines elements of frame-based knowledge representation and graphical presentation. In this paper, we examine the first major application of the tool in an analysis task, a two year long technology assessment that Rsulted in ahnost 2000 nodes and more than 20 representational types. First, we cover the implications of the representational resourees provided and representational deeisions that were made. Then we discuss how spatial layout was used in lieu of the complex relations Aquanet’s data model supports. Finally, we show how distinct regions emerged to refleet particular activities and how they were subsequently used as the basis for a later collaboration on a Similar task. 1 Overview: The tool and the task Aquanet is a collaborative hypertext tool designed to meet the needs of knowledge structuring tasks like analysis and argumentation. The tool combines elements of frame-based knowledge representation and graphical presentatio~ it has its roots in gIBIS [4], Germ [3], NoteCards [5], and IDE [15]. This paper examines how Aquanet was used in a large application, a multi-year assessment of a specific area of researeh and technology development. This type of analysis is common in business intelligence and other kinds of information-intensive interpretive processes. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is givem that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to repubtish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM 0-89791-547-X/92/OOll/O053/ $1.50 1.1 Hypertext to keep your knowledge in place Aquanet enables people to describe a domain of discourse in terms of basic objects and how they are interrelated (relations). For example, in an evaluation of a computer technology, one type of basic objeet might be a “system,” and another type might be a “developer.” These two elements might be connected by an “implemented” relation. Instances of these types can then be manipulated in a shared information space. The structures that may be built within any particular information space are specified by a schema, a collection of Aquanet basic object and relation types. [10] presents a more extensive description of the tool and its data model. Figure 1 shows a limited view of a much larger Aquanet information space. A user can zoom or scroll this view to see more of the space, which can extend in all directions. Objects shown in the primary view are drawn according to a user-specified graphic appearance that is associated with each type of basic object and relation. For example, the seleetion an instance of a System object is portrayed on the computer screen as purple rectangle that displays the object’s name, which in this ease is “Atlas.” As is appar
{"title":"Two years before the mist: experiences with Aquanet","authors":"C. Marshall, R. Rogers","doi":"10.1145/168466.168490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168490","url":null,"abstract":"Aquanet is a collaborative hypertext tool that combines elements of frame-based knowledge representation and graphical presentation. In this paper, we examine the first major application of the tool in an analysis task, a two year long technology assessment that Rsulted in ahnost 2000 nodes and more than 20 representational types. First, we cover the implications of the representational resourees provided and representational deeisions that were made. Then we discuss how spatial layout was used in lieu of the complex relations Aquanet’s data model supports. Finally, we show how distinct regions emerged to refleet particular activities and how they were subsequently used as the basis for a later collaboration on a Similar task. 1 Overview: The tool and the task Aquanet is a collaborative hypertext tool designed to meet the needs of knowledge structuring tasks like analysis and argumentation. The tool combines elements of frame-based knowledge representation and graphical presentatio~ it has its roots in gIBIS [4], Germ [3], NoteCards [5], and IDE [15]. This paper examines how Aquanet was used in a large application, a multi-year assessment of a specific area of researeh and technology development. This type of analysis is common in business intelligence and other kinds of information-intensive interpretive processes. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is givem that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to repubtish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM 0-89791-547-X/92/OOll/O053/ $1.50 1.1 Hypertext to keep your knowledge in place Aquanet enables people to describe a domain of discourse in terms of basic objects and how they are interrelated (relations). For example, in an evaluation of a computer technology, one type of basic objeet might be a “system,” and another type might be a “developer.” These two elements might be connected by an “implemented” relation. Instances of these types can then be manipulated in a shared information space. The structures that may be built within any particular information space are specified by a schema, a collection of Aquanet basic object and relation types. [10] presents a more extensive description of the tool and its data model. Figure 1 shows a limited view of a much larger Aquanet information space. A user can zoom or scroll this view to see more of the space, which can extend in all directions. Objects shown in the primary view are drawn according to a user-specified graphic appearance that is associated with each type of basic object and relation. For example, the seleetion an instance of a System object is portrayed on the computer screen as purple rectangle that displays the object’s name, which in this ease is “Atlas.” As is appar","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123966304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract For the narrative artist, hyperspace haa all the charm of a starry sky in August: the weather's comfortable, the t winkle's alluring, but the vista's intimidatingly awesome. The simple linear trajec-tories of the earthbound, once thought confining and inflexible, are seen to have a certain rea.wur-ing structure, an " A " and a " B " between which narrative, ever on the go, might safely move, feet on the ground. It's pretty out there in infinity, but if you head out, how do you get home again? Creative artists are still fumbling in this new space, this new medium, toying with the possibilities of multidimensionality, nonlinearity, interac-tivity, polyvocality, and, increasingly, the incorporation of other arts, visual, kinetic, and aural, but not yet convinced that narrative, as we lovingly know it, c'an overcome the motionsickness associated with the absence of gravity. Most academic hypertext projects preserve a sense of gravity by allowing a body of informa-tional satellites to circle loosely about some core subject, a poem, say, or an historical event, a social entity, a philosophical or legal problem, etc., and such models might well serve artistic projects but they cannot define or delimit them. Nor does it help to implant a line. All thdse centuries of resisting the tyranny of the line, and suddenly it is gone ss though it never existed, but reinventing it, though an option for some, is a bit like building a road in outer space so we can take our cars out there, Most narrative artists, for the moment, prefer to stay home where the environment's friendly and there's plenty of company. They still like the familiar paths with their beginnings, middles, and ends, even if not always traveled in that order. The navigational procedures are still so demanding out there in hyperspace, that there's too little time to appreciate style, voice, eloquence, character , story. Links and maps seem more compelling than text, aa though the ancillas of book culture-the tables of contents, the indices and appendices, the designs and jackets and headers-might have swallowed up the stuff inside. There's an appeal in interactivity–and a threat. And, maybe worst of all, where's closure out there? How do you know when one journey's over and another can begin? So the field is largely left at present to the rash, the young, the enterprising. Flights are being made in vehicles that seem aa creaky …
{"title":"Hypertext: beyond the end of the book (abstract)","authors":"Robert Coover","doi":"10.1145/168466.171525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171525","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract For the narrative artist, hyperspace haa all the charm of a starry sky in August: the weather's comfortable, the t winkle's alluring, but the vista's intimidatingly awesome. The simple linear trajec-tories of the earthbound, once thought confining and inflexible, are seen to have a certain rea.wur-ing structure, an \" A \" and a \" B \" between which narrative, ever on the go, might safely move, feet on the ground. It's pretty out there in infinity, but if you head out, how do you get home again? Creative artists are still fumbling in this new space, this new medium, toying with the possibilities of multidimensionality, nonlinearity, interac-tivity, polyvocality, and, increasingly, the incorporation of other arts, visual, kinetic, and aural, but not yet convinced that narrative, as we lovingly know it, c'an overcome the motionsickness associated with the absence of gravity. Most academic hypertext projects preserve a sense of gravity by allowing a body of informa-tional satellites to circle loosely about some core subject, a poem, say, or an historical event, a social entity, a philosophical or legal problem, etc., and such models might well serve artistic projects but they cannot define or delimit them. Nor does it help to implant a line. All thdse centuries of resisting the tyranny of the line, and suddenly it is gone ss though it never existed, but reinventing it, though an option for some, is a bit like building a road in outer space so we can take our cars out there, Most narrative artists, for the moment, prefer to stay home where the environment's friendly and there's plenty of company. They still like the familiar paths with their beginnings, middles, and ends, even if not always traveled in that order. The navigational procedures are still so demanding out there in hyperspace, that there's too little time to appreciate style, voice, eloquence, character , story. Links and maps seem more compelling than text, aa though the ancillas of book culture-the tables of contents, the indices and appendices, the designs and jackets and headers-might have swallowed up the stuff inside. There's an appeal in interactivity–and a threat. And, maybe worst of all, where's closure out there? How do you know when one journey's over and another can begin? So the field is largely left at present to the rash, the young, the enterprising. Flights are being made in vehicles that seem aa creaky …","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126275973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract The goal of this project is the worldwide dissemination of advanced philosophy concepts, through the exploitation of new technologies. The world famous " Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici " (Italian Institute for Philosophy Studies), ensures the scientific supervision of the project; the " Encyclopedia 'lleccani " and the " Poligrafico dello State " (the nation official printing institution) are responsible for the editorial policy; the Politecnico di Milano provides assistance for Computer technology. The core the of the project is the collection of large amount of videotapes, containing interviews with '(protagonists " : the moat prestigious philosophers, philosophy scholars and scientists, who have warmly cooperated. Since '86 more than 400 interviews, corresponding to more than 900 hours of tapes, have been conducted. In addition , thousands of slides and more than 100 hours of videotapes , documenting important aspects of archaeology, architecture, painting and sculpture, have been included. Five different series of video-cassettes have been prepared: The Roots of the Short excerpts (5 minutes) are broadcasted everyday , nationwide , by TV channels. Before the end of the year Radio 'llansmissions will start. Special editions for College and High school students are in preparation. All the different editions outline specific aspects and a specific usage of the material. A special version is supposed, in the future, to include all the previous editions: the interactive version, being prepared through the cooperation with the Department of Electronics of Politecnico di Mi-lano. It is an Hypermedia application that allows search, queries and above all, navigation across the complex material. Guided tours and views, either predefine or created by the reader, allow personalized " reading sessions ". Overall the project is a reaction to the current schizophrenic situation: as the technology advances provide more means for communication, human beings realize that they have less to say. Paul Ricoeur, a prestigious member of the scientific board of the project, considers this gap between technology of communication and cultural communication as one of the most dangerous pathologies of modern society.
该项目的目标是通过新技术的开发，在世界范围内传播先进的哲学概念。世界著名的“意大利哲学研究所”(Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici)，确保项目的科学监督;“百科全书”和“国家官方印刷机构”(国家官方印刷机构)负责编辑政策;米兰理工大学提供计算机技术方面的援助。该项目的核心是收集大量的录像带，其中包含对“主角”的采访:护城河著名哲学家，哲学学者和科学家，他们曾热情合作。自1986年以来，已经进行了400多次采访，相当于900多小时的录音带。此外，还包括数千张幻灯片和100多个小时的录像带，记录了考古、建筑、绘画和雕塑的重要方面。五个不同系列的录像带已经准备好了:《短节选的根源》(5分钟)每天通过电视频道在全国播出。在今年年底之前，无线电节目将开始播送。针对大学和高中学生的特别版正在准备中。所有不同的版本都概述了材料的具体方面和具体用法。预计将来会有一个特别的版本，包括所有以前的版本:通过与米兰理工大学电子系合作编写的互动版本。它是一个超媒体应用程序，允许搜索，查询，最重要的是，在复杂的材料中导航。导览和景观，无论是预先定义的还是由读者创建的，都允许个性化的“阅读会话”。总的来说，这个项目是对当前精神分裂状况的一种反应:随着技术的进步提供了更多的交流手段，人类意识到他们没有什么可说的。该项目科学委员会的著名成员保罗•里科认为，传播技术与文化传播之间的这种差距是现代社会最危险的病态之一。
{"title":"Multimedia encyclopedia of philosophy sciences (abstract)","authors":"Renato Parascandalo","doi":"10.1145/168466.171522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171522","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract The goal of this project is the worldwide dissemination of advanced philosophy concepts, through the exploitation of new technologies. The world famous \" Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici \" (Italian Institute for Philosophy Studies), ensures the scientific supervision of the project; the \" Encyclopedia 'lleccani \" and the \" Poligrafico dello State \" (the nation official printing institution) are responsible for the editorial policy; the Politecnico di Milano provides assistance for Computer technology. The core the of the project is the collection of large amount of videotapes, containing interviews with '(protagonists \" : the moat prestigious philosophers, philosophy scholars and scientists, who have warmly cooperated. Since '86 more than 400 interviews, corresponding to more than 900 hours of tapes, have been conducted. In addition , thousands of slides and more than 100 hours of videotapes , documenting important aspects of archaeology, architecture, painting and sculpture, have been included. Five different series of video-cassettes have been prepared: The Roots of the Short excerpts (5 minutes) are broadcasted everyday , nationwide , by TV channels. Before the end of the year Radio 'llansmissions will start. Special editions for College and High school students are in preparation. All the different editions outline specific aspects and a specific usage of the material. A special version is supposed, in the future, to include all the previous editions: the interactive version, being prepared through the cooperation with the Department of Electronics of Politecnico di Mi-lano. It is an Hypermedia application that allows search, queries and above all, navigation across the complex material. Guided tours and views, either predefine or created by the reader, allow personalized \" reading sessions \". Overall the project is a reaction to the current schizophrenic situation: as the technology advances provide more means for communication, human beings realize that they have less to say. Paul Ricoeur, a prestigious member of the scientific board of the project, considers this gap between technology of communication and cultural communication as one of the most dangerous pathologies of modern society.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125017753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypermedia systems are becoming an important information system class for a wide range of new and fascinating applications. But current systems still have some unpleasant restrictions. For example, only few hypermedia systems support the design of higher level hypermedia objects beyond the basic node-link paradigm. There are further restrictions concerning the modukuization of the overall design and the reuse of (complex) hypermedia resources. HYDESIGN is the prototype of an extensible hypertext/ hypermedia system which adresses these restrictions. The crucial part of the development is the data management component, the HYDESIGN-engine, which has been built on top of the Gem Stone object-oriented database management system. A first prototype of a graphical user interface, the HYDE SIGN-GUI, has been developed in Smalltalk-80. This paper focuses on central features of the HYDESIGN data model representing the conceptual basis of the HYDESIGN-engine. Aggregate links of differefit types are introduced which allow for the creation of higher level hypermedia networks. SBLnodes represent particular composite nodes offering the capability of defining (nested) local environments with particular behaviour. Also different options for the sharing of hypermedia resources are proposed. HYDE SIGN further supports navigation as well as query based access in an integrated approach. As a whole, HYDESIGN aims at a better support for the hypermedia design process by the provision of powerful structuring facilities. Permission to copy without fee au or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to repubtish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM &89791-547-X/92/~11 /0B2/ $1.50
{"title":"Towards a better support for hypermedia structuring: the HYDESIGN model","authors":"M. Marmann, G. Schlageter","doi":"10.1145/168466.168531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168531","url":null,"abstract":"Hypermedia systems are becoming an important information system class for a wide range of new and fascinating applications. But current systems still have some unpleasant restrictions. For example, only few hypermedia systems support the design of higher level hypermedia objects beyond the basic node-link paradigm. There are further restrictions concerning the modukuization of the overall design and the reuse of (complex) hypermedia resources. HYDESIGN is the prototype of an extensible hypertext/ hypermedia system which adresses these restrictions. The crucial part of the development is the data management component, the HYDESIGN-engine, which has been built on top of the Gem Stone object-oriented database management system. A first prototype of a graphical user interface, the HYDE SIGN-GUI, has been developed in Smalltalk-80. This paper focuses on central features of the HYDESIGN data model representing the conceptual basis of the HYDESIGN-engine. Aggregate links of differefit types are introduced which allow for the creation of higher level hypermedia networks. SBLnodes represent particular composite nodes offering the capability of defining (nested) local environments with particular behaviour. Also different options for the sharing of hypermedia resources are proposed. HYDE SIGN further supports navigation as well as query based access in an integrated approach. As a whole, HYDESIGN aims at a better support for the hypermedia design process by the provision of powerful structuring facilities. Permission to copy without fee au or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to repubtish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM &89791-547-X/92/~11 /0B2/ $1.50","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125090033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bernstein, M. Bieber, R. Furuta, M. Kibby, C. Marshall, P. Paolini
Many successful hypermedia systems are hand-crafted; creating and navigating their networks of nodes and links is entirely under user control. In other systems, concern for the economics of manually linking large bodies of existing information, coupled with a desire to promote more responsive and reconfigurable interfaces, has spurred the development of automated tools, intensional or virtual structures, automatic node content generation and automatic link discovery. some claim that, apart from annotation features su&h as commenting, the significant hypermedia systems of the future will be entirely automated. In this panel we explore the potential and dangers of automating hypermedia. Hypermedia automation includes converting documents, mapping applications and navigating hypermedia networks. Converting Documents Different domains call for different types of conversion–traditional letters and reports, electronic mail messages, the messages and reports an expert system produces, etc. Conversion may be invoked by, e.g., importing a document, an electronic mail or EDI message arriving, or a user querying or requesting computation. Converting a single document can result in a single node linked to other nodes–with or without embedded link markers-or could extract an entire hyperme-dia (sub) network of nodes and links. Mapping Application Domains Automated mapping recognizes an application domain's implicit or encoded structure and realizes this in terms of a hypermedia data model. The structure of the resulting hy-permedia representation will depend upon its intended use-to guide navigation, to serve as a user interface to a complex application, or to reveal a new way of organizing and interpreting a collection of materials. The hypermedia system also may use this structure to generate composite objects and net work overviews automatically. Navigating Hypermedia Networks Automation may support the navigation of virtual structures, especially when a mapped hypermedia network dynamically portrays the currently active portion of an external application or data base. Here the hypermedia system often must resolve (and perhaps compute) link destinations on demand. The hy-permedia network can be generated (or tailored) as the result of a query or choosing an application command, e.g., within a CAI system. Automated generation often is touted as an attractive means of maintaining the consistency of the " knowledge " a domain represents. Yet automation incurs the risk of incorrectly identifying and omitting links, thus impoverishing the information they relate.
{"title":"Hypermedia production (abstract): hand-craft or witchcraft","authors":"M. Bernstein, M. Bieber, R. Furuta, M. Kibby, C. Marshall, P. Paolini","doi":"10.1145/168466.171518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171518","url":null,"abstract":"Many successful hypermedia systems are hand-crafted; creating and navigating their networks of nodes and links is entirely under user control. In other systems, concern for the economics of manually linking large bodies of existing information, coupled with a desire to promote more responsive and reconfigurable interfaces, has spurred the development of automated tools, intensional or virtual structures, automatic node content generation and automatic link discovery. some claim that, apart from annotation features su&h as commenting, the significant hypermedia systems of the future will be entirely automated. In this panel we explore the potential and dangers of automating hypermedia. Hypermedia automation includes converting documents, mapping applications and navigating hypermedia networks. Converting Documents Different domains call for different types of conversion–traditional letters and reports, electronic mail messages, the messages and reports an expert system produces, etc. Conversion may be invoked by, e.g., importing a document, an electronic mail or EDI message arriving, or a user querying or requesting computation. Converting a single document can result in a single node linked to other nodes–with or without embedded link markers-or could extract an entire hyperme-dia (sub) network of nodes and links. Mapping Application Domains Automated mapping recognizes an application domain's implicit or encoded structure and realizes this in terms of a hypermedia data model. The structure of the resulting hy-permedia representation will depend upon its intended use-to guide navigation, to serve as a user interface to a complex application, or to reveal a new way of organizing and interpreting a collection of materials. The hypermedia system also may use this structure to generate composite objects and net work overviews automatically. Navigating Hypermedia Networks Automation may support the navigation of virtual structures, especially when a mapped hypermedia network dynamically portrays the currently active portion of an external application or data base. Here the hypermedia system often must resolve (and perhaps compute) link destinations on demand. The hy-permedia network can be generated (or tailored) as the result of a query or choosing an application command, e.g., within a CAI system. Automated generation often is touted as an attractive means of maintaining the consistency of the \" knowledge \" a domain represents. Yet automation incurs the risk of incorrectly identifying and omitting links, thus impoverishing the information they relate.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115580325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper begins by asking why hypertext researchers publish their work in print and compose their hypertexts from previously printed sources. It argues that these practices limit the development of hypertext rhetoric by privileging a discrete or granular model of discourse nodes as stable units connected by purely transitional links. The paper explores the limits of the node/link model, suggesting that links can take on certain properties of nodes and vice versa. Drawing on the phenomenological critique of rationalist mechanism developed by Winograd and Flores, the paper presents an alternative discourse model for hypertext which regards nodes and links in complementarily, as contingent structures subject to conceptual “breakdown.” Applying this model to actual communication practices, the paper invokes Zuboff’s distinction between “automating” and “informating” applications of technology, outlining a rhetoric based on a constantly evolving textual structure in which object relations remain fluid. A new term is proposed, the informand, to designate the communal, interactive discursive space created by informating systems like hypertext and artificial realities. The paper concludes by urging experimentation with informating practices in hypertext, a move away from print models and toward all-electronic composition. Permission to copy without fee alt or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requks a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92/0011 /0171/ $1.50 1 Where are the hypertext? At the first European Conference on Hypertext, the theorist and developer Mark Bernstein asked, where are the hyperfexts ? Then as now, one could point to a number of experimental ventures; but important as they are, these examples do not sufficiently answer Bernstein’s challenge. If hypertext equals print in importance and utility, then its advocates should be able to adduce many practical applications in regular use, especially in technical fields. Yet relatively few substantial, long-term applications of hypertext have appeared so far. Hypertext has yet to become the primary medium in any commercial or intellectual community, Even in hypertext research and development itself, progress has been limited. Leaders in the field have produced groundbreaking hypertexts-onhypertext, but major conferences and research organs do not yet accept hypertextual submissions. What you are now reading, after all, is a traditionally structured, linearly argumentative theoretical paper. Why is this so? To ask a variant of Bernstein’s question: why isn’t this paper a hypertext? This is a little like questioning the emperor’s fashion sense — dangerous, because such questions tend to bree
{"title":"Toward a rhetoric of informating texts","authors":"Stuart Moulthrop","doi":"10.1145/168466.168520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168520","url":null,"abstract":"This paper begins by asking why hypertext researchers publish their work in print and compose their hypertexts from previously printed sources. It argues that these practices limit the development of hypertext rhetoric by privileging a discrete or granular model of discourse nodes as stable units connected by purely transitional links. The paper explores the limits of the node/link model, suggesting that links can take on certain properties of nodes and vice versa. Drawing on the phenomenological critique of rationalist mechanism developed by Winograd and Flores, the paper presents an alternative discourse model for hypertext which regards nodes and links in complementarily, as contingent structures subject to conceptual “breakdown.” Applying this model to actual communication practices, the paper invokes Zuboff’s distinction between “automating” and “informating” applications of technology, outlining a rhetoric based on a constantly evolving textual structure in which object relations remain fluid. A new term is proposed, the informand, to designate the communal, interactive discursive space created by informating systems like hypertext and artificial realities. The paper concludes by urging experimentation with informating practices in hypertext, a move away from print models and toward all-electronic composition. Permission to copy without fee alt or part of this material is granted provided that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requks a fee and/or specific permission. @1992 ACM O-89791-547-X/92/0011 /0171/ $1.50 1 Where are the hypertext? At the first European Conference on Hypertext, the theorist and developer Mark Bernstein asked, where are the hyperfexts ? Then as now, one could point to a number of experimental ventures; but important as they are, these examples do not sufficiently answer Bernstein’s challenge. If hypertext equals print in importance and utility, then its advocates should be able to adduce many practical applications in regular use, especially in technical fields. Yet relatively few substantial, long-term applications of hypertext have appeared so far. Hypertext has yet to become the primary medium in any commercial or intellectual community, Even in hypertext research and development itself, progress has been limited. Leaders in the field have produced groundbreaking hypertexts-onhypertext, but major conferences and research organs do not yet accept hypertextual submissions. What you are now reading, after all, is a traditionally structured, linearly argumentative theoretical paper. Why is this so? To ask a variant of Bernstein’s question: why isn’t this paper a hypertext? This is a little like questioning the emperor’s fashion sense — dangerous, because such questions tend to bree","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116859244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines open hypermedia systems and presents the case that such systems provide a step forward for dealing with large, dynamic data sets in distributed, heterogeneous environments by allowing users to access and integrate information and processes in richer and more diverse ways than has previously been possible. In particular, the enhanced Microcosm model for open hypermedia is examined, and the ways in which it provides such an environment are discussed. The paper continues by investigating the advantages and the shortcomings of this model and identifies the areas in which further work must be completed before such systems can become widely adopted, such as the granularity of source and destination anchors, editing and version control. Some attempts to provide solutions to these problems are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Towards an integrated information environment with open hypermedia systems","authors":"H. Davis, W. Hall, Ian Heath, G. Hill, R. Wilkins","doi":"10.1145/168466.168522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168522","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines open hypermedia systems and presents the case that such systems provide a step forward for dealing with large, dynamic data sets in distributed, heterogeneous environments by allowing users to access and integrate information and processes in richer and more diverse ways than has previously been possible. In particular, the enhanced Microcosm model for open hypermedia is examined, and the ways in which it provides such an environment are discussed. The paper continues by investigating the advantages and the shortcomings of this model and identifies the areas in which further work must be completed before such systems can become widely adopted, such as the granularity of source and destination anchors, editing and version control. Some attempts to provide solutions to these problems are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117249142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norbert A. Streitz, J. Haake, Jörg Hannemann, A. C. Lemke, W. Schuler, Helge Schütt, M. Thüring
This paper addresses two main areas: 1) research on computer–based support for cooperative authoring and 2) research on cooperative hypermedia systems. This is done by reporting about the design, development, and implementation of SEPIA and presenting results on dedicated and comprehensive authoring functionality addressing also the new rhetoric of hypermedia, a hypermedia data model with composites, persistent and shared data storage for hypermedia, and support for cooperative work, esp. cooperative writing.We start by identifying the challenge of hypermedia authoring and production which serves as the driving force for our development. Using interacting problem spaces as the vehicle for modelling the dynamic aspects of authoring, we arrive at a set of requirements answered by the concept of “activity spaces”. The design of coherent hyperdocuments is facilitated by a “construction kit”. Furthermore, we describe the extensions and modifications necessary to support multiple authors with the cooperative version of SEPIA. Based on the requirements, we develop a system architecture and report on the implementation of the system. We describe the basis for access to shared hyperdocuments, the activity space browsers, the integration of multimedia functionality (audio, graphics, pictures), and the integration of an audio and video conferencing system. Finally, we report on more recent developments and future work.
{"title":"SEPIA: a cooperative hypermedia authoring environment","authors":"Norbert A. Streitz, J. Haake, Jörg Hannemann, A. C. Lemke, W. Schuler, Helge Schütt, M. Thüring","doi":"10.1145/168466.168479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.168479","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses two main areas: 1) research on computer–based support for cooperative authoring and 2) research on cooperative hypermedia systems. This is done by reporting about the design, development, and implementation of SEPIA and presenting results on dedicated and comprehensive authoring functionality addressing also the new rhetoric of hypermedia, a hypermedia data model with composites, persistent and shared data storage for hypermedia, and support for cooperative work, esp. cooperative writing.We start by identifying the challenge of hypermedia authoring and production which serves as the driving force for our development. Using interacting problem spaces as the vehicle for modelling the dynamic aspects of authoring, we arrive at a set of requirements answered by the concept of “activity spaces”. The design of coherent hyperdocuments is facilitated by a “construction kit”. Furthermore, we describe the extensions and modifications necessary to support multiple authors with the cooperative version of SEPIA. Based on the requirements, we develop a system architecture and report on the implementation of the system. We describe the basis for access to shared hyperdocuments, the activity space browsers, the integration of multimedia functionality (audio, graphics, pictures), and the integration of an audio and video conferencing system. Finally, we report on more recent developments and future work.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130457196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Trigg, W. Clark, W. Hall, N. Meyrowitz, A. Pearl
Most computer users today work with heterogeneous environments that include software from many vendors, multiple platforms needing to communicate , and information bases on remote machines. Their needs are often not for increased functionality in any particular application, but integration among existing applications. In the last few years, this need has been addressed through proposals for open hypertext ar-chitectures and linking protocols. In principle, these allow linking across diverse applications and even across platforms. Rather than a monolithic hypermedia system presenting its own editors for various media, the user sees a framework into which existing editors can be " plugged " and a linking protocol with which to interconnect them. Though the framework is usually a separate program , the hope is that support for such open linking will one day migrate into the operating system. Indeed, protocols from Apple and Microsoft are steps in this direction. Though the participants on this panel bring their own perspectives and backgrounds to the problem area, all share a belief that the future of hypermedia is not with systems that " own the world " , but with those that attempt to '(connect the world ". Furthermore, the panelists and the projects they represent have developed significant open hypermedia architectures and linking protocols and can draw on experience with real users. Examples of questions we'll be raising: q What should be the minimum required of third-party applications that want to " play ". And how can we allow varying degrees of linking " awareness " across participating applica-tions? q Is consistent handling/appearance of links across applications important? (Consider, for example, Norm Meyrowitz's 1987 call for a linking equivalent to the cut fcopylpaste paradigm.) q How does this work relate to new standards like Hytime? q How do we get vendors to sign up for the idea? We need more " link-aware " software applications in order to get the project off the ground, but vendors first need to be convinced of the potential benefits.
{"title":"Open hypermedia architectures and linking protocols (abstract)","authors":"R. Trigg, W. Clark, W. Hall, N. Meyrowitz, A. Pearl","doi":"10.1145/168466.171520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/168466.171520","url":null,"abstract":"Most computer users today work with heterogeneous environments that include software from many vendors, multiple platforms needing to communicate , and information bases on remote machines. Their needs are often not for increased functionality in any particular application, but integration among existing applications. In the last few years, this need has been addressed through proposals for open hypertext ar-chitectures and linking protocols. In principle, these allow linking across diverse applications and even across platforms. Rather than a monolithic hypermedia system presenting its own editors for various media, the user sees a framework into which existing editors can be \" plugged \" and a linking protocol with which to interconnect them. Though the framework is usually a separate program , the hope is that support for such open linking will one day migrate into the operating system. Indeed, protocols from Apple and Microsoft are steps in this direction. Though the participants on this panel bring their own perspectives and backgrounds to the problem area, all share a belief that the future of hypermedia is not with systems that \" own the world \" , but with those that attempt to '(connect the world \". Furthermore, the panelists and the projects they represent have developed significant open hypermedia architectures and linking protocols and can draw on experience with real users. Examples of questions we'll be raising: q What should be the minimum required of third-party applications that want to \" play \". And how can we allow varying degrees of linking \" awareness \" across participating applica-tions? q Is consistent handling/appearance of links across applications important? (Consider, for example, Norm Meyrowitz's 1987 call for a linking equivalent to the cut fcopylpaste paradigm.) q How does this work relate to new standards like Hytime? q How do we get vendors to sign up for the idea? We need more \" link-aware \" software applications in order to get the project off the ground, but vendors first need to be convinced of the potential benefits.","PeriodicalId":112968,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Hypertext","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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