Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.516
Y. Nakagawa, Ryuichi Ariji, S. Matsuzaka, Kazunobu Morohoshi, H. Yagi, K. Nadaoka, Susumu Tanaka
A field observation, comprising bottom mounted instruments for near-bottom currents and suspended sediment concentrations, was carried out for 1-month at Tama River mouth in Tokyo Bay. The measurements have captured sediment resuspension during extreme wave conditions associated with typhoon that passed over Kanto district in the early September of 2007. The sediment resuspension was caused primarily by waves at the monitoring site and combined current-wave bottom shear stress reached 0.9 Pa. Based on the SS-flux analysis during the recording period, the net suspended sediment transport at the site was towards the SW or outer Tokyo Bay.
{"title":"Field Observation of Fine Sediment Resuspension Process at Tama River Mouth in Tokyo Bay","authors":"Y. Nakagawa, Ryuichi Ariji, S. Matsuzaka, Kazunobu Morohoshi, H. Yagi, K. Nadaoka, Susumu Tanaka","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.516","url":null,"abstract":"A field observation, comprising bottom mounted instruments for near-bottom currents and suspended sediment concentrations, was carried out for 1-month at Tama River mouth in Tokyo Bay. The measurements have captured sediment resuspension during extreme wave conditions associated with typhoon that passed over Kanto district in the early September of 2007. The sediment resuspension was caused primarily by waves at the monitoring site and combined current-wave bottom shear stress reached 0.9 Pa. Based on the SS-flux analysis during the recording period, the net suspended sediment transport at the site was towards the SW or outer Tokyo Bay.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"15 1","pages":"516-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87175948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1451
N. Hashimoto, Lukijanto, Masaru Yamashiro, S. Kojima
For the purpose of developing a practical method for estimating directional wave spectrum from HF radar sea-echo Doppler spectrum, a Bayesian method proposed by Hashimoto and Tokuda (1998) is modified and improved. In the method, a formulation of directional spectrum is characterized by an exponential function having the power expressed by a Fourier series over the directional range, while being assumed to be a piecewise-constant function over the frequency range. The method is examined using numerical simulation, with its validity being discussed. The result shows that the method has advantage in that it requires less memory and shorter computation time in practical applications.
{"title":"Development of a practical method for estimating directional spectrum from HF radar backscatter","authors":"N. Hashimoto, Lukijanto, Masaru Yamashiro, S. Kojima","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1451","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of developing a practical method for estimating directional wave spectrum from HF radar sea-echo Doppler spectrum, a Bayesian method proposed by Hashimoto and Tokuda (1998) is modified and improved. In the method, a formulation of directional spectrum is characterized by an exponential function having the power expressed by a Fourier series over the directional range, while being assumed to be a piecewise-constant function over the frequency range. The method is examined using numerical simulation, with its validity being discussed. The result shows that the method has advantage in that it requires less memory and shorter computation time in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"12 1","pages":"1451-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81290911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.151
K. Kawasaki, N. Mizutani, K. Iwata, Tomonao Kobayashi, M. Yuhi, T. Saitoh, Toshikazu Kitano, Hirokazu Sumi, H. Mase, T. Yasuda
High wave with long wave period, which is known by local residents as “Yorimawari-Nami”, hit the east coast of Toyama Prefecture on February 24, 2008. The high wave, in particular, caused huge human and property damages in Ashisaki district of Nyuzen town. The purpose of this study is, at first, to examine coastal damages induced by the swelllike wave throughout filed surveys. The characteristics of high wave deformation, wave overtopping of a gentle-slop type revetment and inundation flow in the residential area are, furthermore, discussed by performing wave hindcasting with a GFS-WRF-SWAN coupled model and numerical simulation on wave overtopping of the revetment in Ashisaki district using a two-dimensional numerical wave flume “CADMAS-SURF”.
{"title":"Field Survey of Damage Due to February 2008 High Wave on East Coast of Toyama Prefecture","authors":"K. Kawasaki, N. Mizutani, K. Iwata, Tomonao Kobayashi, M. Yuhi, T. Saitoh, Toshikazu Kitano, Hirokazu Sumi, H. Mase, T. Yasuda","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.151","url":null,"abstract":"High wave with long wave period, which is known by local residents as “Yorimawari-Nami”, hit the east coast of Toyama Prefecture on February 24, 2008. The high wave, in particular, caused huge human and property damages in Ashisaki district of Nyuzen town. The purpose of this study is, at first, to examine coastal damages induced by the swelllike wave throughout filed surveys. The characteristics of high wave deformation, wave overtopping of a gentle-slop type revetment and inundation flow in the residential area are, furthermore, discussed by performing wave hindcasting with a GFS-WRF-SWAN coupled model and numerical simulation on wave overtopping of the revetment in Ashisaki district using a two-dimensional numerical wave flume “CADMAS-SURF”.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"7 1","pages":"151-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84915878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.236
Y. Murashima, F. Imamura, S. Koshimura
Mesh division of geographic model effects on results of run-up tsunami simulation. Recently, approximate accuracy ofgeographic models increase with using LIDAR (airborne laser). And run-up tsunami simulation using mesh of severalmeters came to be done. In this study, we study effects of mesh division on inundation area of run-up tsunami simulation.To exclude the effects of various conditions of the tsunami simulation, we designed the simplified probability calculationmodel. The calculation model determines the reaching probability of tsunami inundation area. As a result, the tendencythat inundation area of run-up tsunami simulation decreases as mesh size decrease was theoretically confirmed.
{"title":"Basic Study of Effects of Mesh Division on Run-up Tsunami Simulation","authors":"Y. Murashima, F. Imamura, S. Koshimura","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.236","url":null,"abstract":"Mesh division of geographic model effects on results of run-up tsunami simulation. Recently, approximate accuracy ofgeographic models increase with using LIDAR (airborne laser). And run-up tsunami simulation using mesh of severalmeters came to be done. In this study, we study effects of mesh division on inundation area of run-up tsunami simulation.To exclude the effects of various conditions of the tsunami simulation, we designed the simplified probability calculationmodel. The calculation model determines the reaching probability of tsunami inundation area. As a result, the tendencythat inundation area of run-up tsunami simulation decreases as mesh size decrease was theoretically confirmed.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"30 1","pages":"236-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72869744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1131
Takumi Hatano, Shintaro Sekiguti, K. Murakami, K. Nakase
It is said that tidal flat have high biological productivity and high self clarification in coastal water area. In Japan, tidal flat has disappeared and the ability of water clarification has fallen down as a result of coastal reclamation accompanied with industrialization. In this paper, we observed water quality over 2 tidal cycles and calculated nutrient load from waterfowls at a tidal flat in the Tokyo Port Wild Bird Park to estimate the self clarification by tidal flat. In conclusion, we found the following results.(1) Function of this tidal flat is net source of phosphorus and net sink of nitrogen and chlorophyll-a in summer.(2) Nutrient load from great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) is the largest amount among waterfowls and the peak value is obtained in October. However, this value is not so large compared to nutrient fluxes.
{"title":"Estimations of Nutrient Fluxes and Nutrient Load from Waterfowls at a Tidal Flat in the Tokyo Port Wild Bird Park","authors":"Takumi Hatano, Shintaro Sekiguti, K. Murakami, K. Nakase","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1131","url":null,"abstract":"It is said that tidal flat have high biological productivity and high self clarification in coastal water area. In Japan, tidal flat has disappeared and the ability of water clarification has fallen down as a result of coastal reclamation accompanied with industrialization. In this paper, we observed water quality over 2 tidal cycles and calculated nutrient load from waterfowls at a tidal flat in the Tokyo Port Wild Bird Park to estimate the self clarification by tidal flat. In conclusion, we found the following results.(1) Function of this tidal flat is net source of phosphorus and net sink of nitrogen and chlorophyll-a in summer.(2) Nutrient load from great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) is the largest amount among waterfowls and the peak value is obtained in October. However, this value is not so large compared to nutrient fluxes.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"15 1","pages":"1131-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74757852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.731
T. Uda, K. Furuike, Yukiyoshi Hoshigami, Hideki Nagayama
The effect of the offshore nourishment using sand with several grain sizes was investigated on south Kujukuri Beach. Beach profiles were first measured along four survey lines of the coast as well as the sampling of sea bottom materials. Based on these field data, beach changes were predicted using the contour-line-change model which considers the sorting effect owing to different grain size. It is concluded that the most appropriate method to recover the foreshore and to prevent further beach erosion is to carry out the beach nourishment using sand with mixed grain sizes at a rate of 2×104m3/yr.
{"title":"Evaluation of Effect of Beach Nourishment as a Measure against Beach Erosion on South Kujukuri Beach","authors":"T. Uda, K. Furuike, Yukiyoshi Hoshigami, Hideki Nagayama","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.731","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the offshore nourishment using sand with several grain sizes was investigated on south Kujukuri Beach. Beach profiles were first measured along four survey lines of the coast as well as the sampling of sea bottom materials. Based on these field data, beach changes were predicted using the contour-line-change model which considers the sorting effect owing to different grain size. It is concluded that the most appropriate method to recover the foreshore and to prevent further beach erosion is to carry out the beach nourishment using sand with mixed grain sizes at a rate of 2×104m3/yr.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"12 1","pages":"731-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84964345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.826
E. Saitoh, T. Hiraishi, Shigeki Inagaki
Several offshore airports in the Japanese coasts are often damaged+these days by the wave overtopping due to storm s. One of the problems in such offshore airports is the limitation of seawall crown height derived from the width, height and distance of runway. Minami et al.(2007) have proposed a new typ. seawall with a wide permeable layer behind the front parapet to reduce the wave overtopping rate. In this paper, an experiment in a directional wave basin is carried out to determine the most appropriate width of permeable layer and height of its backward parapet. The experimental results reveal that the wave overtopping rate becomes smaller than the allowable level as the permeable layer becomes wider than 6m. The backward parapet has to be higher than 2.5m to prevent the overflow into runways.
最近，日本沿海的几个海上机场经常因风暴引起的波浪漫过而受到破坏。这些海上机场的问题之一是海堤冠高的限制，这是由跑道的宽度、高度和距离决定的。Minami et al.(2007)提出了一种新的类型。在前护墙后面有宽透水层的海堤，以减少波浪的过顶率。本文通过在定向波池中进行试验，确定了最适宜的透水层宽度和后墙高度。实验结果表明，当透水层宽度大于6m时，波浪过顶率小于允许水平;后挡板高度应大于2.5米，以防止溢流进入跑道。
{"title":"Experiment on Reduction of wave Overtopping Rate by Seawall with Double Parapet and Permeable Layer","authors":"E. Saitoh, T. Hiraishi, Shigeki Inagaki","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.826","url":null,"abstract":"Several offshore airports in the Japanese coasts are often damaged+these days by the wave overtopping due to storm s. One of the problems in such offshore airports is the limitation of seawall crown height derived from the width, height and distance of runway. Minami et al.(2007) have proposed a new typ. seawall with a wide permeable layer behind the front parapet to reduce the wave overtopping rate. In this paper, an experiment in a directional wave basin is carried out to determine the most appropriate width of permeable layer and height of its backward parapet. The experimental results reveal that the wave overtopping rate becomes smaller than the allowable level as the permeable layer becomes wider than 6m. The backward parapet has to be higher than 2.5m to prevent the overflow into runways.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"36 1","pages":"826-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80547458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.636
H. Matsutomi, Yohei Kondo, Taichi Kimura, Hitoshi Tanaka
Long-termt rendo f shorelinep ositionc hangen ear the new moutho f the Omonop ouringi nto the sea of Akita Southern Coast is discussed by using old map, topographicaml aps, field data collected in the last fifteeny ears and by examining accuracy of the old map (Inoul arge-scalem ap). Short-termt rend of shorelinep osition change on the same coast is also discussed to judge whethera remarkabler eceding of shorelinep ositiona t the Hamada-hamab athingp lace located near the mouth in July 2006 is a rare case. Through these discussions, it is concluded that 1) the shoreline position had basi cally advanced from 1800 to around 1900, and then it has gradually receded undulating and 2) the remarkable receding in July 2006 is not a rare case from the viewpoint of absolute shoreline position change
{"title":"Long-and Short-term Trends of Shoreline Position Change near the New Mouth of the Omono","authors":"H. Matsutomi, Yohei Kondo, Taichi Kimura, Hitoshi Tanaka","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.636","url":null,"abstract":"Long-termt rendo f shorelinep ositionc hangen ear the new moutho f the Omonop ouringi nto the sea of Akita Southern Coast is discussed by using old map, topographicaml aps, field data collected in the last fifteeny ears and by examining accuracy of the old map (Inoul arge-scalem ap). Short-termt rend of shorelinep osition change on the same coast is also discussed to judge whethera remarkabler eceding of shorelinep ositiona t the Hamada-hamab athingp lace located near the mouth in July 2006 is a rare case. Through these discussions, it is concluded that 1) the shoreline position had basi cally advanced from 1800 to around 1900, and then it has gradually receded undulating and 2) the remarkable receding in July 2006 is not a rare case from the viewpoint of absolute shoreline position change","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"15 1","pages":"636-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75821023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.821
K. Murakami, J. Nitta, D. Maki, Y. Kamikubo, Yasuto Kataoka
Hydraulic performances of a non-wave overtopping type seawall were investigated on a supposition of the sea level rise that might occur near future. Two-dimensional hydraulic experiments were carried out under some different water level conditions, which reproducing the sea level rise, to clear the effect of the sea level rise on the hydraulic performances of the non-wave overtopping type seawall. Furthermore, this study proposes an appropriate countermeasure against the sea level rise to maintain an excellent checking effect of the wave overtopping of the seawall. Both the efficiencies of the proposed countermeasure and characteristics of the maximum wave pressure acting on it were evaluated through hydraulic experiments.
{"title":"Study on Maintenance of Non-Wave Overtopping Performance of Flaring Shaped Seawall against Sea Level Rise","authors":"K. Murakami, J. Nitta, D. Maki, Y. Kamikubo, Yasuto Kataoka","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.821","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic performances of a non-wave overtopping type seawall were investigated on a supposition of the sea level rise that might occur near future. Two-dimensional hydraulic experiments were carried out under some different water level conditions, which reproducing the sea level rise, to clear the effect of the sea level rise on the hydraulic performances of the non-wave overtopping type seawall. Furthermore, this study proposes an appropriate countermeasure against the sea level rise to maintain an excellent checking effect of the wave overtopping of the seawall. Both the efficiencies of the proposed countermeasure and characteristics of the maximum wave pressure acting on it were evaluated through hydraulic experiments.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"63 1","pages":"821-825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86264851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-10DOI: 10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1061
S. Nishida, Yusuke Nakatani, Kyosuke Shimada, Masayasu Irie
A nutrient load by rainfall has an important role in the primary production in an enclosed bay. We made analyses of rainwater qualities around the Osaka Bay, and calculations for the impact of the precipitation on the water quality and primary production in the Osaka Bay, using a 3D hydrodynamic water-quality model. The rainwater had high concentration of T-N about 0.7mg/L on average for observed rains. The total precipitation loads of T-N, T-P were 1, 300, 11 ton/year, which are only about 3% and 0.4% of total inflow load in the Osaka Bay, respectively. However, calculation results show that the precipitation make phytoplankton biomass increase in the surface layer about 3μg/L in the southwest area of the bay, where the tidal exchange is small and the DIN concentration is very low.
{"title":"Water Quality of Rainwater and Its Impact on Primary Production in the Osaka Bay","authors":"S. Nishida, Yusuke Nakatani, Kyosuke Shimada, Masayasu Irie","doi":"10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/PROCE1989.55.1061","url":null,"abstract":"A nutrient load by rainfall has an important role in the primary production in an enclosed bay. We made analyses of rainwater qualities around the Osaka Bay, and calculations for the impact of the precipitation on the water quality and primary production in the Osaka Bay, using a 3D hydrodynamic water-quality model. The rainwater had high concentration of T-N about 0.7mg/L on average for observed rains. The total precipitation loads of T-N, T-P were 1, 300, 11 ton/year, which are only about 3% and 0.4% of total inflow load in the Osaka Bay, respectively. However, calculation results show that the precipitation make phytoplankton biomass increase in the surface layer about 3μg/L in the southwest area of the bay, where the tidal exchange is small and the DIN concentration is very low.","PeriodicalId":11343,"journal":{"name":"Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B","volume":"33 1","pages":"1061-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85665465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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