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The Nigerian Petroleum Industry Act, Frontier Basins Exploration and the Global Energy Transition 尼日利亚石油工业法案,前沿盆地勘探和全球能源转型
Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.22158/ees.v5n1p1
N. Obaje, A. Adamu, A. Bomai, Mukhtar Zanna, J. Adeoye, Ishaq Yusuf,, Richard Dauda, F. Musa, S. Adamu, L. Adamu
The Nigerian Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) passed into Law in 2021 has the major goal to reform the Nigerian petroleum sector operations into policy, regulations and business (commercial). In the line of this, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) was transformed to NNPC Ltd to operate entirely commercially with a supervising Board and registration with the Corporate Affairs Commission. Such a commercial mandate will entail the need to explore and produce more oil and gas for export and domestic utilization. Oil is becoming less attractive as an energy source but gas is gaining momentum as a clean energy source in the global energy transition road-map. The global energy transition road-map is drawn around clean, alternative and renewable energies. The Nigerian frontier basins have recently come on board as new business opportunities with huge petroleum gas resources. These frontier basins comprise the Anambra, Benue, Bida, Chad (Nigerian sector), Dahomey, and Sokoto Basins as well as the Deep and Ultra-deep offshore. Maturing these basins through data generation and production of the gas resources therein will promote the nation’s gas utilization and gas expansion programmes meant to promote industrialization and huge employment generation, grow the economy and engender positive social transformation. The clause in the PIA that promotes frontier exploration is well-thought out. Available and required geological data needed to mature the frontier basins to producing basins are presented in this paper. The success made in Kolmani River-2 well discovery is a case study.
尼日利亚石油工业法案(PIA)于2021年通过成为法律,其主要目标是将尼日利亚石油部门的运营改革为政策、法规和商业(商业)。在此基础上,尼日利亚国家石油公司(NNPC)转型为NNPC有限公司,完全商业化运营,设有监督委员会,并在公司事务委员会注册。这种商业授权将需要勘探和生产更多的石油和天然气用于出口和国内利用。石油作为一种能源的吸引力正在下降,但天然气作为一种清洁能源在全球能源转型路线图上的势头正在增强。全球能源转型路线图围绕清洁能源、替代能源和可再生能源绘制。尼日利亚边境盆地拥有巨大的油气资源,最近成为新的商业机会。这些前沿盆地包括Anambra、Benue、Bida、乍得(尼日利亚地区)、Dahomey和Sokoto盆地以及深海和超深海海域。通过数据生成和天然气资源的生产使这些盆地成熟,将促进国家的天然气利用和天然气扩张计划,旨在促进工业化和大量就业,增长经济并产生积极的社会转型。《私人投资法》中促进边境勘探的条款是经过深思熟虑的。本文介绍了边界盆地向生产盆地成熟所需要的现有和必要的地质资料。以Kolmani River-2井的成功发现为例。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of Biogas Concentrations in Various Environmental Conditions and Determination of the Optimal Period of Its Production at Environment Temperature 不同环境条件下沼气浓度的比较及环境温度下最佳产气期的确定
Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.22158/ees.v4n3p1
E. Demollari, E. Jojic, E. Sallaku, V. Vorpsi, E. Dodona, Olsid Mema
Albania, as a part of Western Balkan, has a variety of climate systems. This type of climate has a closed connection with waste treatment process. The biogas volume produced by the experimental environmental was 0.6 m3. The maximum methane concentration in biogas was reached at 55.8%/volume. The enclosed area (in oval circle) is another indicator of this system. This area extends over the period from 14.08.2018 until 26.08.2018 (12 days). The biomethane maximum biogas concentration reached 53.5 %/vol. up to 55.8% vol. The concentration drop was 4.2 %/vol. The main factor was the temperature. In the period of maximum durability the temperatures were minimum 30°C and maximum 42°C. Another contributing factor was the inoculum. Since inoculum was made from the treatment of four types of waste of different nature, then the concentration of microorganisms was higher. The purpose of the comparison between the two experiments is the sustainability of biogas production as well as the biomethane concentration biogas concentration on waste treatment. Environmental temperature was studied in three different regions of Albania: Shkodra, Tirana and Vlora. The observations showed that the region of Vlora has the longest period of average daily temperature (June 14th to October 1st).
阿尔巴尼亚作为西巴尔干半岛的一部分,气候系统多种多样。这种气候类型与废物处理过程有着密切的联系。实验环境产生的沼气量为0.6 m3。沼气中甲烷的最大浓度为55.8%/容积。封闭区域(椭圆形圆圈)是该系统的另一个指标。该区域的期限为2018年8月14日至2018年8月26日(12天)。生物甲烷最大沼气浓度达到53.5% /vol。浓度降幅为4.2 %/vol。主要因素是温度。在最长耐久性期间,温度最低为30°C,最高为42°C。另一个促成因素是接种。由于接种物是由四种不同性质的废物处理而成,因此微生物的浓度较高。两个实验对比的目的是沼气生产的可持续性以及沼气浓度对废物处理的影响。研究了阿尔巴尼亚三个不同地区的环境温度:斯库德拉、地拉那和维拉。观测结果表明,伏洛拉地区日平均气温持续时间最长(6月14日~ 10月1日)。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Battery SOC Estimation Algorithm for Energy Storage Power Station 储能电站电池荷电状态估计算法研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35468
Liu Xiwen, Wang Songhan, Ruicai Si, L. Jia, Zhongyang Wang, Yao Zhuohong
This paper takes the high-power lithium battery as the research object. The battery capacity is 40Ah. The state of charge (SOC) of lithium cannot be measured directly. We establish an equivalent circuit model of the battery and use Matlab/Simulink to simulate the equivalent circuit model of the battery. The simulation results and analysis show that the designed control strategy can accurately estimate the SOC of the battery and provide a theoretical basis for the designed algorithm in the practical application of energy storage power stations.
本文以大功率锂电池为研究对象。电池容量为40Ah。锂的荷电状态(SOC)不能直接测量。建立了电池等效电路模型,并利用Matlab/Simulink对电池等效电路模型进行了仿真。仿真结果和分析表明,所设计的控制策略能够准确估计电池的荷电状态,为所设计的算法在储能电站的实际应用提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Wind Speed and Direction on the Combustion Parameters of the Exposed XPS Insulation Wall 风速和风向对外露XPS保温墙体燃烧参数的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35490
Lanfang Zheng, Liang Zhou, X. Jia, Xiaokang Li
Most of the fire accidents of exterior insulation in recent years started with the ignition of unprotected and exposed insulation materials. The fire spread on the thermal insulation layer will be affected by outdoor wind. In this paper, the influence of wind direction and wind speed on wall fire propagation characteristics was studied by carrying out medium sized experiments. The temperatures on the wall surface, radiation heat flux nearby, the infrared image and flame image were recorded during the tests with variation of wind direction and wind speed. It is found that with the increase of the angle between the wind direction and the wall, the surface temperature of the material, the radiation heat flux released decreases.This study results can provide valuable references for optimizing the fire safety design of exterior insulation layer.
近年来,大多数外保温火灾事故都是由未保护和外露的外保温材料着火引起的。火灾在保温层上的蔓延会受到室外风的影响。本文通过中型试验,研究了风向和风速对墙体火灾传播特性的影响。记录了不同风向和风速下的壁面温度、壁面辐射热流密度、红外图像和火焰图像。研究发现,随着风向与壁面夹角的增大,材料表面温度升高,释放的辐射热通量减小。研究结果可为优化外保温层的防火安全设计提供有价值的参考。
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引用次数: 0
300MW Class Units Circulating Pump for Heating Network Electric to Steam-Driven Comparative Study of Two Kinds of Economic Transformation Program 300MW级机组热网循环泵电转汽驱动两种经济性改造方案的比较研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35470
H. Cao, Yingying Yao, Shouheng Sun, Zeyang Li
Jilin Province is located in the northern cold regions, winter heating period of up to five months, the thermal power plants in the larger proportion of the heating unit to improve the economy is a priority issue before us. Most thermal power plant in our province are used in electric network circulating pump run, a larger share of electricity plants, such as the use of steam-driven run, can reduce electricity consumption increased grid power plant, with better economic benefits, and whether the transformation potential, we need to demonstrate feasibility. To speed up the transformation project power industry the pace of industrial upgrading, power plant emissions-reduction targets.
吉林省地处北方寒冷地区,冬季采暖期长达五个月,火电厂在供热机组中所占比重较大,提高机组经济性是摆在我们面前的首要问题。我省大部分火电厂都是采用电网循环泵运行,占比较大的电厂,如采用蒸汽驱动运行,可以减少电网电厂增加的用电量,具有较好的经济效益,而是否有改造潜力,还需论证可行性。要加快电力工业转型工程,加快产业升级步伐,实现电厂减排目标。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of C-H-O Symbiosis Networks Based on i-safe Index 基于i-safe指数的C-H-O共生网络的合成
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35488
Wanlin Wang, Hongchuang Deng, Wenxv Lu, Tianyi Zhang
The synthesis of C-H-O symbiosis network is considered in EIPs to reduce the amount of raw materials and waste discharge by using internal sources. In the conceptual design stage of C-H-O symbiosis networks, the concept of inherent safety index is introduced and safety factors are considered. Synthesis of C-H-O symbiosis networks based on i-safe index is proposed. Super-structure of C-H-O symbiosis networks was configured in EIPs, then optimization formulation was devised. A nonlinear programming (NLP) optimization model was established. A case study in Guizhou province shows that the method is useful in process decision-making, which could provide data support for early process decision making.
eip中考虑合成C-H-O共生网络,利用内源减少原料用量和废物排放量。在C-H-O共生网络的概念设计阶段,引入了固有安全指数的概念,并考虑了安全系数。提出了基于i-安全指数的C-H-O共生网络的合成方法。在eip中配置了C-H-O共生网络的上层结构,并设计了优化配方。建立了非线性规划优化模型。以贵州省为例,表明该方法可用于工艺决策,为早期工艺决策提供数据支持。
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引用次数: 2
Measurement of keff with Neutron Flux Distribution Method Based on MC Simulation 基于MC模拟的中子通量分布法测量keff
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35456
Wen Weiwei, Jinxing Cheng, Y. L. Wu, Wang Qingbo, Xianbo Chen, Lang Li, Junjie Han
Abstract. In this work, the neutron flux distribution method to determine the effective multiplication coefficient keff has been numerical analysis by MCNP program. The neutron flux distribution of four multi-sphere system models are calculated, and the characteristic parameter c of each system are fitted with keff, so as to measure the keff of multi-sphere system. And experiment based on reactor system has been carried out to prove the method. Experiment results show that the keff obtained by the neutron flux distribution method are consistent with the experimental measurement results, indicating that the method is feasible and reliable.
摘要本文利用MCNP程序对中子通量分布法确定有效倍增系数keff进行了数值分析。计算了四种多球系统模型的中子通量分布,并用keff拟合了每个系统的特征参数c,从而测量了多球系统的keff。并在反应器系统上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,中子通量分布法得到的keff与实验测量结果吻合较好,表明该方法可行、可靠。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation of Thermal Performance for the Reaction Tubes in a Miniaturized Methanol Synthesis Reactor 小型甲醇合成反应器反应管热性能的数值模拟
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35502
K. Xiong, Yongli Yin, Yong Cao, Xiaotian Liu
The reaction of methanol synthesis via hydrogen and carbon dioxide which has a broad application prospect in the energy field should be carried out in a reasonable temperature range. Thus, a comprehensive thermal analysis under different work conditions for the reaction tube which is the really reaction place in the miniaturized methanol synthesis reactor is of great significance to its temperature control and thermal design. In this paper, the thermal analysis models of reaction tube in methanol synthesis reactor via hydrogen and carbon dioxide are established, through numerical simulation, the thermal performance results which include the molar ratio of methanol synthesis and temperature distribution inside reaction tubes changing with the reaction tube diameter, inlet gas temperature, and space velocity are obtained. Based on the results, the change laws of the methanol synthesis molar ratio and temperature distribution change with the three parameters are summed, which provide a reference to the thermal design and working conditions setting for the miniaturized methanol synthesis reactor of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
氢气与二氧化碳合成甲醇的反应在能源领域具有广阔的应用前景,应在合理的温度范围内进行。因此,对小型甲醇合成反应器中真正的反应场所——反应管进行不同工况下的综合热分析,对其温度控制和热设计具有重要意义。本文建立了氢气和二氧化碳作用下甲醇合成反应器反应管的热分析模型,通过数值模拟得到了甲醇合成摩尔比和反应管内温度分布随反应管直径、入口气体温度和空速变化的热性能结果。在此基础上,总结了甲醇合成摩尔比和温度分布随这三个参数的变化规律,为氢-二氧化碳微型甲醇合成反应器的热设计和工况设置提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Extracting Information on Wetlands in Northeast China Based on Time Series FY3/MERSI Data 基于FY3/MERSI时间序列的东北湿地信息提取
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35476
R. Feng, Jin-wen Wu, Wenying Yu, R. Ji, Yu-shu Zhang
Using Fengyun Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (FY3/MERSI) data from 2011 to 2018, this paper analyzed the characteristics of original spectra and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of lakes, reservoirs, rivers, paddy fields and swamps in Northeast China, A large-scale wetland extraction model was built using the decision tree classification method, and accuracy was verified in typical sites using China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS-1) data. The results showed that there were differences in the spectral curves and NDVI of different wetland types, especially the swamps, paddy fields and other landforms that showed a growth cycle with more significant differences in spectral curves and index curves than those of lakes, reservoirs and rivers. The total area of wetlands in Northeast China was 79,123.4 km2, including 5262.3 k m2 of lake and reservoir wetlands, 6514.7 km2 of river wetlands, 15284.7 k m2 of swamp wetlands and 52061.7 km2 of paddy fields. The accuracy verification showed that the area accuracy of wetlands was over 91.8%, the overall classification accuracy of wetlands was over 84.8% and the Kappa coefficient was over 0.6446.
利用2011 - 2018年气象中分辨率光谱成像仪(FY3/MERSI)数据,分析了东北地区湖泊、水库、河流、水田和沼泽的原始光谱特征和归一化植被指数(NDVI)特征,采用决策树分类方法建立了大尺度湿地提取模型,并利用中国高分辨率对地观测系统(CHEOS-1)典型站点数据进行了精度验证。结果表明:不同湿地类型的光谱曲线和NDVI存在差异,特别是沼泽、水田等地表呈现生长周期,光谱曲线和指数曲线差异较湖泊、水库和河流更为显著。东北地区湿地总面积为79123.4 km2,其中湖泊和水库湿地5262.3 km2,河流湿地6514.7 km2,沼泽湿地15284.7 km2,水田52061.7 km2。精度验证表明,湿地的面积精度在91.8%以上,湿地总体分类精度在84.8%以上,Kappa系数在0.6446以上。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Assistant Decision of Transient Stability Based on Trajectory Sensitivity 基于轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定辅助决策研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35511
Kaijin Xue, Ye Tang, Chen Wang, Ziyang Liu, Yan Zhao, Donglai Wang
In order to improve the execution rate of the power system dispatch plan, a dispatch plan assisted decision-making considering transient safety and stability constraints is proposed. First, the principles for formulating power system transient stability control scheduling are given. Then, through the topological analysis of the expected fault location, decouple the unstable faults, formulate appropriate multi-fault adjustment timing according to the severity of the fault, and decompose the prevention and control problems of multiple fault constraints into several single fault stable control decision problems. In the end, a preventive control adjustment strategy that satisfies all transient stability constraints is obtained. Combined with parallel computing technology, the algorithm has the feasibility of online application.
为了提高电力系统调度计划的执行率,提出了一种考虑暂态安全稳定约束的调度计划辅助决策方法。首先,给出了电力系统暂态稳定控制调度的制定原则。然后,通过对预期故障定位的拓扑分析,对不稳定故障进行解耦,根据故障的严重程度制定合适的多故障调整时机,将多故障约束的防控问题分解为多个单故障稳定控制决策问题。最后,得到了一种满足暂态稳定约束的预防性控制调整策略。结合并行计算技术,该算法具有在线应用的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science
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