Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33962
O. Dmitriev, A. A. Barsukov, A. Dmitriev
The paper explores the technological problems that occur in the manufacturing of thick-walled polymer composite products. A detailed causal analysis of technological problems was carried out. We found the most vulnerable stages of the technology and outlined the ways to resolve them based on the method of mathematical modeling and optimization. The method allows to calculate the temperature-conversion fields during the curing of polymer composites and to choose the right optimization strategy of technological process molding.
{"title":"Technological Preparation to the Manufacturing of Thick-Walled Polymer Composite Products","authors":"O. Dmitriev, A. A. Barsukov, A. Dmitriev","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33962","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the technological problems that occur in the manufacturing of thick-walled polymer composite products. A detailed causal analysis of technological problems was carried out. We found the most vulnerable stages of the technology and outlined the ways to resolve them based on the method of mathematical modeling and optimization. The method allows to calculate the temperature-conversion fields during the curing of polymer composites and to choose the right optimization strategy of technological process molding.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88398580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33920
Hao Wu, Lingwei Zheng
At present, the clean and low-carbon energy has become the development trend of all countries. Especially in China, the coal based energy structure not only guarantees the social and economic development of the country, but also causes serious ecological damage, so the energy transformation is imminent. The development of renewable energy is an important choice for energy transformation. This paper uses mathematical model to calculate the overall development trend of China's energy, and then uses diamond model to analyze the macro environment for renewable energy industry, to clarify the basis and challenges for renewable energy industry, so as to provide reference for the formulation of macro policies and industrial. Introduction Diamond model through four factors of industry, namely production factors, demand conditions, supporting industries and peer competition, in addition, there are opportunities and government two factors for comprehensive analysis. Using diamond model to analyze renewable energy industry is to analyze the production capacity, market demand, competition with traditional energy and advantages and disadvantages of policy. The diamond model is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Diamond model. Overall Situation of China's Energy Development Overall Situation of Energy Structure In 2018, China's primary energy consumption totaled 4.64 billion standard coal (tce) with electric power accounting for 25.5% of the terminal energy consumption [1] . Non fossil energy accounts for Enterprise strategy, structure and horizontal competition Related and supporting industries production factors Demand conditions Opportuni ty
{"title":"Numerical and Model Analysis of the Development Trend of Renewable Energy in China","authors":"Hao Wu, Lingwei Zheng","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33920","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the clean and low-carbon energy has become the development trend of all countries. Especially in China, the coal based energy structure not only guarantees the social and economic development of the country, but also causes serious ecological damage, so the energy transformation is imminent. The development of renewable energy is an important choice for energy transformation. This paper uses mathematical model to calculate the overall development trend of China's energy, and then uses diamond model to analyze the macro environment for renewable energy industry, to clarify the basis and challenges for renewable energy industry, so as to provide reference for the formulation of macro policies and industrial. Introduction Diamond model through four factors of industry, namely production factors, demand conditions, supporting industries and peer competition, in addition, there are opportunities and government two factors for comprehensive analysis. Using diamond model to analyze renewable energy industry is to analyze the production capacity, market demand, competition with traditional energy and advantages and disadvantages of policy. The diamond model is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Diamond model. Overall Situation of China's Energy Development Overall Situation of Energy Structure In 2018, China's primary energy consumption totaled 4.64 billion standard coal (tce) with electric power accounting for 25.5% of the terminal energy consumption [1] . Non fossil energy accounts for Enterprise strategy, structure and horizontal competition Related and supporting industries production factors Demand conditions Opportuni ty","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82377610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34023
Xiao Zonghu, W. Zhong, H. Ou, Haiyan Fu, Shunjian Xu, Yongping Luo, Chen Liu
A perovskite solar cell with NiO and ZnO as charge transport layers was successfully fabricated. Intramolecular exchange technology was used to improve the morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. Doping was used to improve the conductivity of the NiO layer. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. A solar simulator with a digital source meter and quantum efficiency measurement system were used to test devices performance. The perovskite solar cells with FTO/p-NiO/CH3NH3PbI3/n-ZnO/Ag structure, have optimal PCE of 11.02% and long-term stability at 25 °C and 30 ± 2% humidity. This provides the possibility for the application of perovskite solar cells in the atmospheric environment. Introduction Various countries in the world have stepped up their efforts to develop new energy sources, duing to issues such as the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Recently, a new type of solar cell using an organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite as a light absorber has attracted the attention of many scientific researchers, which has the advantages of excellent performance, simple structure, and low preparation cost. The photoelectric conversion Efficiency has increased rapidly from 3.8% [1] to over 25.2% [2] in the past 10 years. The hole-transport materials currently used in such perovskite solar cells are usually organic polymers, such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA [3], P3HT [4], PCBM [5], DEH [6], etc. Among them, spiro ometad device has the best performance, but the price is more expensive, 10 times of gold, which greatly improves the device cost, and the long-term stability of organic materials also needs to be further tested. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency and low-cost inorganic materials has become one of the important research directions of this kind of new solar cells. NiO is a p-type transparent oxide semiconductor with a wide band gap (Eg of 3.6 ~ 4.0 eV) and excellent performance. It has been successfully used as a hole-collecting and electron-blocking layer in dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells. Compared with organic hole materials, NiO-based devices show better stability and comparable conversion efficiency [7]. Compared with TiO2, ZnO has a close band structure and higher electron mobility, which is 100 times that of TiO2 [8]. This enables photo-generated electrons to be more effectively injected into their conduction bands, and to transmit quickly to reduce electron losses and increase photocurrent. In addition, ZnO materials have the advantages of simple preparation, diverse morphology, and high crystal quality. These properties make ZnO the most ideal substitute for TiO2. In this work, NiO was used to replace the expensive and poorly stable Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer, and ZnO was used to replace TiO2 with low electron mobility as the electron transport layer. A perovskite solar cell with p-NiO/CH3NH3PbI3/n-ZnO simple sandwich structures were cons
{"title":"Investigation on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Based on All-oxide Charge Transport Layers","authors":"Xiao Zonghu, W. Zhong, H. Ou, Haiyan Fu, Shunjian Xu, Yongping Luo, Chen Liu","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34023","url":null,"abstract":"A perovskite solar cell with NiO and ZnO as charge transport layers was successfully fabricated. Intramolecular exchange technology was used to improve the morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. Doping was used to improve the conductivity of the NiO layer. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. A solar simulator with a digital source meter and quantum efficiency measurement system were used to test devices performance. The perovskite solar cells with FTO/p-NiO/CH3NH3PbI3/n-ZnO/Ag structure, have optimal PCE of 11.02% and long-term stability at 25 °C and 30 ± 2% humidity. This provides the possibility for the application of perovskite solar cells in the atmospheric environment. Introduction Various countries in the world have stepped up their efforts to develop new energy sources, duing to issues such as the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Recently, a new type of solar cell using an organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite as a light absorber has attracted the attention of many scientific researchers, which has the advantages of excellent performance, simple structure, and low preparation cost. The photoelectric conversion Efficiency has increased rapidly from 3.8% [1] to over 25.2% [2] in the past 10 years. The hole-transport materials currently used in such perovskite solar cells are usually organic polymers, such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA [3], P3HT [4], PCBM [5], DEH [6], etc. Among them, spiro ometad device has the best performance, but the price is more expensive, 10 times of gold, which greatly improves the device cost, and the long-term stability of organic materials also needs to be further tested. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency and low-cost inorganic materials has become one of the important research directions of this kind of new solar cells. NiO is a p-type transparent oxide semiconductor with a wide band gap (Eg of 3.6 ~ 4.0 eV) and excellent performance. It has been successfully used as a hole-collecting and electron-blocking layer in dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells. Compared with organic hole materials, NiO-based devices show better stability and comparable conversion efficiency [7]. Compared with TiO2, ZnO has a close band structure and higher electron mobility, which is 100 times that of TiO2 [8]. This enables photo-generated electrons to be more effectively injected into their conduction bands, and to transmit quickly to reduce electron losses and increase photocurrent. In addition, ZnO materials have the advantages of simple preparation, diverse morphology, and high crystal quality. These properties make ZnO the most ideal substitute for TiO2. In this work, NiO was used to replace the expensive and poorly stable Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer, and ZnO was used to replace TiO2 with low electron mobility as the electron transport layer. A perovskite solar cell with p-NiO/CH3NH3PbI3/n-ZnO simple sandwich structures were cons","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83328897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33940
Zhen Xing
With the increasing of mining depth, the symbiotic disaster of gas and coal spontaneous combustion is gradually increasing. In order to explore the multi-field coupling law of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf, the numerical simulation method was used to optimize the key parameters and find the best balance between effectively controlling the gas without expanding the danger zone of spontaneous combustion. The results show that, the higher the level of the high-level drainage roadway, the better the drainage effect, but considering the spontaneous combustion period, it is necessary to reasonably calculate the optimal drainage roadway layout position; the buried pipe extraction has good effect on gas control, but it is not conducive to fire prevention.
{"title":"CFD Simulation of Symbiotic Disaster Arising from Gas Explosion and Spontaneous Combustion in Longwall Mining Gobs","authors":"Zhen Xing","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33940","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing of mining depth, the symbiotic disaster of gas and coal spontaneous combustion is gradually increasing. In order to explore the multi-field coupling law of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf, the numerical simulation method was used to optimize the key parameters and find the best balance between effectively controlling the gas without expanding the danger zone of spontaneous combustion. The results show that, the higher the level of the high-level drainage roadway, the better the drainage effect, but considering the spontaneous combustion period, it is necessary to reasonably calculate the optimal drainage roadway layout position; the buried pipe extraction has good effect on gas control, but it is not conducive to fire prevention.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79235732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34022
Ma Qingshan, Sun Yuwei, Deng Weichao, Yu Xinchun, Zhu Jianbao, Zhongyi Wang
This paper proposes a method for evaluating the operating status and reliability of power transmission equipment in power systems. First, by analyzing the aging factors, common faults, and major faulty components of the main transmission equipment, the main condition monitoring parameters of each transmission equipment are determined. Then, the key parameters such as the environment, machinery, and electricity of the transmission equipment are monitored to obtain the operating status data of the transmission equipment, and fault limits and alarm limits are set to determine the operating status of the transmission equipment. Finally, a health index for monitoring parameters and a comprehensive health index for transmission equipment are proposed. This method has a wider scope of application and a more specific analysis process than previous methods, which is conducive to analyzing the working status of power transmission equipment and improving the reliability and safety of normal operation of the power system. Introduction The operating status of power equipment is closely related to the safety and reliability of the power system. Failure of power equipment will cause local or large-scale power outages and result the entire power system in an unsafe operating state. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt reasonable maintenance strategies for power equipment, timely discover and solve problems in the operation of power equipment, and ensure that the system can supply power safely and reliably. The accuracy and reliability of the judgment method of fault diagnosis will directly affect the normal operation and maintenance of power transmission equipment, and even affect the safety and reliable operation of the entire power system. With the application of a large number of sensing technologies and intelligent terminal equipment, a fault diagnosis method for power transmission equipment based on condition monitoring is one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of equipment condition maintenance and improve the ability of fault discrimination. This paper proposes a method for measuring fault conditions of power transmission equipment based on condition monitoring data. This method determines the status of the power transmission equipment by analyzing the common fault types of the power transmission equipment. Based on the study of the environmental, electrical, and mechanical condition monitoring parameters of the transmission equipment, the corresponding relationship between the monitoring parameters and the fault is established. This paper is organized as follows. The second II analyzes the transmission equipment, and analyzes the main aging factors and fault types of the transmission equipment. The section III introduces the process of condition monitoring of transmission equipment and the transmission equipment condition monitoring technology and the main monitoring parameters of transmission equipment. The section IV takes the SF6 circuit
输变电设备的状态监测过程为:(1)第一步是对被监测的输变电设备进行分析，分析设备的主要故障类型、故障的主要组成部分和故障涉及的主要参数，确定设备的监测参数。(2)第二步是对设备的主要故障参数进行监测和采集，并对参数进行处理。(3)第三步采用阈值法设置参数的故障限位和报警限位，并将采集到的参数与限位进行比较，对设备的运行状态做出初步判断。(4)第四步是计算设备的健康指数，确定设备的运行趋势和必要的维护措施。设备监控信号状态识别参数限制(门限法)维护措施设备分析信号采集(传感器)信号处理对比输变电设备状态监测流程图。输变电设备在运行过程中不可避免地会产生温度、压力、电流、电压、振动、能量等信号。根据不同的状态监测要求，可以选择不同的信号来指示输变电设备的状态。该系统能够监测传输设备运行的几个关键参数，发现潜在的故障，判断传输设备的运行状态。这些参数可能与传动设备所处的环境、机械磨损、气体密度和运行过程中的电量有关。在输变电设备监控技术中，采用了一些传感器，如压力传感器、光纤传感器等，与微处理器结合来执行监控任务。表1列出了需要监控的几种传输设备和信号。一旦某个参数超过限制值，监控系统将产生告警。表1。传输设备监测参数。设备监测参数电容绝缘设备介质损耗正切、电容、电流避雷器总电流中的电阻电流电缆介质损耗正切、电容、电流互感器溶解气体含量高压断路器温度、气压、开闭线圈电流、机械振动本文假设向量m X (m= 1,2…)反映一个被监测参数随时间的变化(m为被监测输入的个数)。在任何设备运行过程中，如果某一数值达到故障限制值，则称为故障限制值m F。告警限位设置有上下限、最大值、最小最大值。向量m D表示故障限位与告警限位的差值[7]:max max max =， 1,2，…， m m m D F A m k谜底(1)min min min =， 1,2，…(2)为确定设备是否安全可靠运行，对被监控设备的参数阈值图进行设计，如图2所示。如果被监控设备的主要参数值不超过告警限值，且位于区域1，则设备安全可靠。如果监控的参数值超过告警阈值且未超过故障阈值，则该设备位于区域2，说明该设备可能处于告警状态。如果被监控参数值超过故障限制值，且位于区域3，则说明被监控设备处于故障状态，不安全、不可靠。max 1 X min 1 X max 2 X min 2 X max 1 A min 1 A max 2 A min 2 A Area 1 Area 2 Area 3图2。被监控传输设备参数阈值图。m X V表示m X超过上下限告警阈值时的值。当向量m X超过故障极限值时，认为对应的m X V为故障。麦克斯，麦克斯，麦克斯。m X m m m m V X A如果X A(3)min min max，。* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *m X m m m m m V如果A X A<s:1> <e:1>(5)当m X超过告警阈值但未超过故障阈值时，向量m X V在阈值范围内。当mx在要求的告警范围内时，其值为零。选取4个SF6断路器CB # 1、CB # 2、CB # 3、CB # 4为例。所选断路器按安装位置和功能分为电抗器断路器、母线断路器、变压器断路器和线路断路器。分析了断路器的主要故障部件及需要监测的参数。所选断路器的特性如表2所示。 表3给出了主要监控参数及其故障限和告警限的上下限。表2。选择断路器功能。断路器类型主要故障部件主要监测参数CB#1电抗器断路器触点，脱扣锁紧机构，辅助触点温度，0
{"title":"Fault Analysis of Transmission Equipment Based on Condition Monitoring","authors":"Ma Qingshan, Sun Yuwei, Deng Weichao, Yu Xinchun, Zhu Jianbao, Zhongyi Wang","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for evaluating the operating status and reliability of power transmission equipment in power systems. First, by analyzing the aging factors, common faults, and major faulty components of the main transmission equipment, the main condition monitoring parameters of each transmission equipment are determined. Then, the key parameters such as the environment, machinery, and electricity of the transmission equipment are monitored to obtain the operating status data of the transmission equipment, and fault limits and alarm limits are set to determine the operating status of the transmission equipment. Finally, a health index for monitoring parameters and a comprehensive health index for transmission equipment are proposed. This method has a wider scope of application and a more specific analysis process than previous methods, which is conducive to analyzing the working status of power transmission equipment and improving the reliability and safety of normal operation of the power system. Introduction The operating status of power equipment is closely related to the safety and reliability of the power system. Failure of power equipment will cause local or large-scale power outages and result the entire power system in an unsafe operating state. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt reasonable maintenance strategies for power equipment, timely discover and solve problems in the operation of power equipment, and ensure that the system can supply power safely and reliably. The accuracy and reliability of the judgment method of fault diagnosis will directly affect the normal operation and maintenance of power transmission equipment, and even affect the safety and reliable operation of the entire power system. With the application of a large number of sensing technologies and intelligent terminal equipment, a fault diagnosis method for power transmission equipment based on condition monitoring is one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of equipment condition maintenance and improve the ability of fault discrimination. This paper proposes a method for measuring fault conditions of power transmission equipment based on condition monitoring data. This method determines the status of the power transmission equipment by analyzing the common fault types of the power transmission equipment. Based on the study of the environmental, electrical, and mechanical condition monitoring parameters of the transmission equipment, the corresponding relationship between the monitoring parameters and the fault is established. This paper is organized as follows. The second II analyzes the transmission equipment, and analyzes the main aging factors and fault types of the transmission equipment. The section III introduces the process of condition monitoring of transmission equipment and the transmission equipment condition monitoring technology and the main monitoring parameters of transmission equipment. The section IV takes the SF6 circuit ","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74752293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33950
Jun Gao, Ling-ling Song
Drinking water sources protection was related to human health. However, outstanding problems existed in effectively raising the funds needed to protect the drinking water sources. This paper aimed at summarizing the relevant experience and practices of drinking water source protection funds at home and abroad, proposing the preliminary conception of constructing government-led application of drinking water source environmental protection fund in China. The construction ideas were put forward from the aspects of source of funds, use of funds, and management methods of funds. Introduction Environmental protection of drinking water sources was an important part of ensuring the safety of drinking water and human health. At present, the sources of funds for China's drinking water source protection projects mainly include relevant national special funds, provincial financial funds and local financial funds. The amount of the money was not stable and the money was conditioned by multiple factors. It was difficult to form a stable protection mechanism for drinking water sources. Exploring the establishment of drinking water source funds was an effective way to establish diversified investment channels, and promoting effective supply of drinking water source protection funds. Research Background and Significance The use of funds at home and abroad had achieved remarkable results. It had been confirmed that government input alone was unable to solve complex environmental problems. It was especially important to stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises and society for environmental protection. The United States had successful experience in using market-based mechanisms to solve water environmental problems.The Clean Water State Revolving Fund built in 1987 played a larger capital amplification role. It attracted corporate and social capital into the field of environmental protection. Druing the past thirty years, it Provided more than $89 billion in financing for the United States. In addition, the US Drinking Water State Revolving Fund had also played an important role in guiding social capital investment in the protection of drinking water sources. China's SME credit guarantee fund, which was established in Suzhou, Jiangsu and other places, had accumulated successful experience in breaking through the bottleneck of SME financing. Research and promoting establishment of drinking water source environmental protection funds was important to absorb social capital and supplementary financial input. On the one hand, establishing a reasonable income mechanism to absorb the social capital. on the other hand, the fund could be used to support the drinking water sources protection engineering. The mode adopted coudle be free subsidy or Interest-free or low-interest loan. The fund could also encourage social capital to implement projects in PPP mode. Domestic and Foreign Drinking Water Source Protection Fund Research Stable Source Channels Ensure Continuous Injection
{"title":"Research on Drinking Water Sources Environment Protection Funds","authors":"Jun Gao, Ling-ling Song","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33950","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water sources protection was related to human health. However, outstanding problems existed in effectively raising the funds needed to protect the drinking water sources. This paper aimed at summarizing the relevant experience and practices of drinking water source protection funds at home and abroad, proposing the preliminary conception of constructing government-led application of drinking water source environmental protection fund in China. The construction ideas were put forward from the aspects of source of funds, use of funds, and management methods of funds. Introduction Environmental protection of drinking water sources was an important part of ensuring the safety of drinking water and human health. At present, the sources of funds for China's drinking water source protection projects mainly include relevant national special funds, provincial financial funds and local financial funds. The amount of the money was not stable and the money was conditioned by multiple factors. It was difficult to form a stable protection mechanism for drinking water sources. Exploring the establishment of drinking water source funds was an effective way to establish diversified investment channels, and promoting effective supply of drinking water source protection funds. Research Background and Significance The use of funds at home and abroad had achieved remarkable results. It had been confirmed that government input alone was unable to solve complex environmental problems. It was especially important to stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises and society for environmental protection. The United States had successful experience in using market-based mechanisms to solve water environmental problems.The Clean Water State Revolving Fund built in 1987 played a larger capital amplification role. It attracted corporate and social capital into the field of environmental protection. Druing the past thirty years, it Provided more than $89 billion in financing for the United States. In addition, the US Drinking Water State Revolving Fund had also played an important role in guiding social capital investment in the protection of drinking water sources. China's SME credit guarantee fund, which was established in Suzhou, Jiangsu and other places, had accumulated successful experience in breaking through the bottleneck of SME financing. Research and promoting establishment of drinking water source environmental protection funds was important to absorb social capital and supplementary financial input. On the one hand, establishing a reasonable income mechanism to absorb the social capital. on the other hand, the fund could be used to support the drinking water sources protection engineering. The mode adopted coudle be free subsidy or Interest-free or low-interest loan. The fund could also encourage social capital to implement projects in PPP mode. Domestic and Foreign Drinking Water Source Protection Fund Research Stable Source Channels Ensure Continuous Injection","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80157595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34015
Mingze Zhang, Yicheng Huang, Min Wang
When the wind power is connected to the distribution network, the access points and the access capacity of each point in the distribution network will also affect the stability of the distribution network. Therefore, based on the fuzzy C clustering of wind speed, this paper optimizes the location and capacity of wind power in the distribution network by using the proposed entropy index of power flow which reflects the power flow equilibrium degree of the system. Firstly, typical wind speed and output scenarios are selected through scenario clustering, and then the flow entropy index reflecting system stability is adopted to optimize the location and capacity of wind power. The improved IEEE33 was used to verify the method. Introduction With the development of energy technology, it is imperative to connect renewable energy such as wind power to distribution network. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of wind power, it is bound to affect the stability of distribution network. Therefore, how to plan the access location of wind power in distribution network and the access capacity of wind power in each access location is very important [1,2]. Since the randomness of wind power output is strong, the randomness of wind power generation needs to be analyzed before planning and optimization. A probability distribution can be used to describe the randomness of variables comprehensively. Since the randomness of different meteorological variables is not the same, they must correspond to different theoretical distribution models. The results show that the wind speed probability distribution curve can be fitted by a statistical model. Common fitting models include Rayleigh model, log-normal distribution model, Gamma distribution model and two-parameter Weibull distribution model [3]. However, in the process of calculating the probability distribution function, parameter estimation is difficult. At the same time, the accuracy of the probability function is difficult to guarantee because of too many uncertain factors. Scenario analysis can exactly solve the above problems. The scenario set describes the probability of the possible occurrence of uncertain events in the future. Since the probability measure of random events can be observed, the scenario set can comprehensively reflect the occurrence of full probability scenarios [4,5]. Too many scenarios will result in too much computation. Therefore, the scene needs to be clustered. Fuzzy C Mean (FCM) is a classification based Fuzzy clustering method. By describing the membership of samples to different categories, this algorithm can objectively cluster, which can overcome the defects of traditional clustering algorithm of either/or, and occupies an important position in Fuzzy clustering [6]. Since the access of wind power will inevitably affect the power flow distribution of the system, the power flow distribution of the system also affects the stability of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes to us
{"title":"Optimization of Wind Power Configuration in Distribution Network Based on Scenario Clustering and Power Flow Entropy","authors":"Mingze Zhang, Yicheng Huang, Min Wang","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34015","url":null,"abstract":"When the wind power is connected to the distribution network, the access points and the access capacity of each point in the distribution network will also affect the stability of the distribution network. Therefore, based on the fuzzy C clustering of wind speed, this paper optimizes the location and capacity of wind power in the distribution network by using the proposed entropy index of power flow which reflects the power flow equilibrium degree of the system. Firstly, typical wind speed and output scenarios are selected through scenario clustering, and then the flow entropy index reflecting system stability is adopted to optimize the location and capacity of wind power. The improved IEEE33 was used to verify the method. Introduction With the development of energy technology, it is imperative to connect renewable energy such as wind power to distribution network. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of wind power, it is bound to affect the stability of distribution network. Therefore, how to plan the access location of wind power in distribution network and the access capacity of wind power in each access location is very important [1,2]. Since the randomness of wind power output is strong, the randomness of wind power generation needs to be analyzed before planning and optimization. A probability distribution can be used to describe the randomness of variables comprehensively. Since the randomness of different meteorological variables is not the same, they must correspond to different theoretical distribution models. The results show that the wind speed probability distribution curve can be fitted by a statistical model. Common fitting models include Rayleigh model, log-normal distribution model, Gamma distribution model and two-parameter Weibull distribution model [3]. However, in the process of calculating the probability distribution function, parameter estimation is difficult. At the same time, the accuracy of the probability function is difficult to guarantee because of too many uncertain factors. Scenario analysis can exactly solve the above problems. The scenario set describes the probability of the possible occurrence of uncertain events in the future. Since the probability measure of random events can be observed, the scenario set can comprehensively reflect the occurrence of full probability scenarios [4,5]. Too many scenarios will result in too much computation. Therefore, the scene needs to be clustered. Fuzzy C Mean (FCM) is a classification based Fuzzy clustering method. By describing the membership of samples to different categories, this algorithm can objectively cluster, which can overcome the defects of traditional clustering algorithm of either/or, and occupies an important position in Fuzzy clustering [6]. Since the access of wind power will inevitably affect the power flow distribution of the system, the power flow distribution of the system also affects the stability of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes to us","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80162880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33923
Aoni Zhang, Jin-hui Zhao, Yuxia Bai, Haifen Han, Y. Bu
This paper takes chemical salt water treatment as an example, to describe the desigen process of multi-effect evaporation sewage treatment equipment. Using software to simulate and analyze the influence of different factors on the results. Using line graphs to show the results of operating conditions of Luoyang Sinopec Branch. Introduction Evaporation refers to the process of evaporating and concentrating the solution containing the non-volatile solute and the volatile solvent, mainly by heating to vaporize a part of the solvent in the solution [1]. The multi-effect evaporator uses the secondary steam produced in the evaporation production as the heat source of the next unit. Such as, liter film multi-effect evaporator, falling film multi-effect evaporator [2], steam recompression multi-effect evaporator[3]. Multi-effect Evaporator Design Select Design Software and Reasons Aspen Plus was used to establish a chemical salt water treatment system. (1) The model physical property database is complete and suitable for more complex process simulation. (2) Fast unit simulation is possible. (3) With advanced calculation methods, the model can be optimized. Setting the Composition of Salty Sewage It is difficult to determine accurate data for these substances, such as chemical formula, content, etc. Therefore, in the modeling verification, the sewage composition needs to be simplified. In this design experiment, according to the sewage component in the sewage data of Luoyang Sinopec Branch, it is assumed that the large particle insoluble sludge has been removed. Common electrolytes such as ions and potassium ions are used as impurities, and volatile impurities are not considered at present[4]. Determination of Multi-effect Evaporator Efficiency With the increase in the efficiency of the multi-effect evaporator, the amount of steam required is reduced and the operating cost is reduced with the same total evaporation,the equipment and infrastructure costs will increase[5]. Therefore, the multi-effect evaporation system referred to herein is three-effect evaporator. Design Evaporato The heat exchanger model HeatX in Aspen plus, the separator model flash and the pressure transmission module Valve represent the multi-effect evaporator. Design Condenser In multi-effect evaporation, using the HeatX model in the Aspen plus module library instead. The final multi-effect evaporator system is: Figure 1. Multi-effect Evaporation System. Determine the Convergence Method The current simulation convergence method selects the traditional WEGSTEIN method. Module Parameter Setting The system parameters simulated in this paper are as follows: Table 1. Parameters of the Simulated Plate. HeatX Stream flash Valve Calculation shortcut — — Pressure change parameter Hot fluid outlet gas fraction Flow rate temperature Outlet pressure Hot fluid outlet temperature temperature pressure — — ingredient — — — pressure — — According to the above table, the fluid parameters of the evapora
{"title":"Design of Multi-effect Evaporator for Sewage Treatment","authors":"Aoni Zhang, Jin-hui Zhao, Yuxia Bai, Haifen Han, Y. Bu","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33923","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes chemical salt water treatment as an example, to describe the desigen process of multi-effect evaporation sewage treatment equipment. Using software to simulate and analyze the influence of different factors on the results. Using line graphs to show the results of operating conditions of Luoyang Sinopec Branch. Introduction Evaporation refers to the process of evaporating and concentrating the solution containing the non-volatile solute and the volatile solvent, mainly by heating to vaporize a part of the solvent in the solution [1]. The multi-effect evaporator uses the secondary steam produced in the evaporation production as the heat source of the next unit. Such as, liter film multi-effect evaporator, falling film multi-effect evaporator [2], steam recompression multi-effect evaporator[3]. Multi-effect Evaporator Design Select Design Software and Reasons Aspen Plus was used to establish a chemical salt water treatment system. (1) The model physical property database is complete and suitable for more complex process simulation. (2) Fast unit simulation is possible. (3) With advanced calculation methods, the model can be optimized. Setting the Composition of Salty Sewage It is difficult to determine accurate data for these substances, such as chemical formula, content, etc. Therefore, in the modeling verification, the sewage composition needs to be simplified. In this design experiment, according to the sewage component in the sewage data of Luoyang Sinopec Branch, it is assumed that the large particle insoluble sludge has been removed. Common electrolytes such as ions and potassium ions are used as impurities, and volatile impurities are not considered at present[4]. Determination of Multi-effect Evaporator Efficiency With the increase in the efficiency of the multi-effect evaporator, the amount of steam required is reduced and the operating cost is reduced with the same total evaporation,the equipment and infrastructure costs will increase[5]. Therefore, the multi-effect evaporation system referred to herein is three-effect evaporator. Design Evaporato The heat exchanger model HeatX in Aspen plus, the separator model flash and the pressure transmission module Valve represent the multi-effect evaporator. Design Condenser In multi-effect evaporation, using the HeatX model in the Aspen plus module library instead. The final multi-effect evaporator system is: Figure 1. Multi-effect Evaporation System. Determine the Convergence Method The current simulation convergence method selects the traditional WEGSTEIN method. Module Parameter Setting The system parameters simulated in this paper are as follows: Table 1. Parameters of the Simulated Plate. HeatX Stream flash Valve Calculation shortcut — — Pressure change parameter Hot fluid outlet gas fraction Flow rate temperature Outlet pressure Hot fluid outlet temperature temperature pressure — — ingredient — — — pressure — — According to the above table, the fluid parameters of the evapora","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91024336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33947
Ruihong Meng, Tan Chen, Yanting Liu, P. Lv, Qingshui Hong, Hanwen Guo, Hongtao Wang
In this study, corn straw derived biochars were prepared at different temperatures of 300, 500, 700C, respectively, and the characteristics of corn straw biochars were investigated. Additionally, the adsorption behaviors of vanadium (III, IV, V) on biochars were systematically studied by batch experiments. The absorbents were characterized by ion-exchange capacity (IEC), X-ray Diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, and FTIR. The yield of biochar decreases with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The more ash content is retained, the more alkaline biochar is. The specific area of biochars increased with the rising pyrolysis temperature. With the increase of temperature, the structure became porous and the content of surface functional group elements remained low. Although the content of zinc in biochar is relatively high, the leaching toxicity of biochar does not exceed the Chinese standard. The adsorption capacity of biochars for vanadium (V) decreased under high temperature (700C). In the contrast, The adsorption capacities of biochars for vanadium (IV) and vanadium (III) improved under high temperature. The adsorption mechanisms for vanadium (V), vanadium (IV) and vanadium (III) were surface complexation, which can be proved by FTIR analysis.
本研究分别在300、500、700℃的不同温度下制备玉米秸秆生物炭，并对玉米秸秆生物炭的特性进行了研究。此外，通过批量实验系统地研究了钒(III, IV, V)在生物炭上的吸附行为。采用离子交换容量(IEC)、x射线衍射、N2吸附-解吸和红外光谱(FTIR)对吸附剂进行了表征。随着热解温度的升高，生物炭的产率降低。保留的灰分越多，生物炭的碱性越强。随着热解温度的升高，生物炭的比表面积增大。随着温度的升高，结构变得多孔，表面官能团元素含量保持在较低水平。虽然生物炭中锌含量较高，但其浸出毒性未超过国家标准。高温(700℃)下，生物炭对钒(V)的吸附能力下降。高温条件下，生物炭对钒(IV)和钒(III)的吸附能力有所提高。钒(V)、钒(IV)和钒(III)的吸附机理为表面络合，FTIR分析证实了这一点。
{"title":"Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on ZnCl2 Impregnated Corn Straw-derived Biochar Properties and Vanadium (III, IV, V) Adsorption in Aqueous Solution","authors":"Ruihong Meng, Tan Chen, Yanting Liu, P. Lv, Qingshui Hong, Hanwen Guo, Hongtao Wang","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33947","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, corn straw derived biochars were prepared at different temperatures of 300, 500, 700C, respectively, and the characteristics of corn straw biochars were investigated. Additionally, the adsorption behaviors of vanadium (III, IV, V) on biochars were systematically studied by batch experiments. The absorbents were characterized by ion-exchange capacity (IEC), X-ray Diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, and FTIR. The yield of biochar decreases with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The more ash content is retained, the more alkaline biochar is. The specific area of biochars increased with the rising pyrolysis temperature. With the increase of temperature, the structure became porous and the content of surface functional group elements remained low. Although the content of zinc in biochar is relatively high, the leaching toxicity of biochar does not exceed the Chinese standard. The adsorption capacity of biochars for vanadium (V) decreased under high temperature (700C). In the contrast, The adsorption capacities of biochars for vanadium (IV) and vanadium (III) improved under high temperature. The adsorption mechanisms for vanadium (V), vanadium (IV) and vanadium (III) were surface complexation, which can be proved by FTIR analysis.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88886499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34004
Ying He, Boqiang Fan, Mengqi Li, Zhang Yujun, Kun You, Hao Xie, Dongqi Yu, Boen Lei, Li Xiaoyi, Jian-guo Liu, Wenqing Liu
High-sensitivity emission monitoring of CO2 and NH3 in farmland region is very important for analyzing environment and climate change. The on-line detection technology was studied based on open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology (OP-TDLAS). The detection spectrum of open path was extracted to realize accurate concentration inversion by designing the multi-line fitting algorithm. The system detection stability was evaluated by Allan variance that the detection limit of NH3 and CO2 were about 0.048 L/L and 4.31 L/L respectively. The detection experiment was carried out in farmland of north Anhui to prove that both of the fertilization and straw returning to the field were the emission source of CO2 and NH3 from soil. The growth effect of the former was slower but higher than that of fertilization. This stable spectrum detection method can obtain large-scale concentration results and clear emission rules, which provide technical support for the environment-friendly agriculture. Introduction In recent years, our country has adopted straw returning to the field [1,2] which has changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil in a certain extent and even increased the possibility of CO2 and NH3 emission from the soil. Therefore, CO2 and NH3 emission data in large-scale farmland need obtain by effective and stable detection method to assess its impact on the atmospheric environment, which has become an urgent problem in agriculture and environmental fields [3,4] . Gas monitoring in farmland ecosystem usually adopts box method [5] , micrometeorology method [6-7] and so on. These methods mainly study local soil emissions which are vulnerable to environmental factors, and the requirements to underlying surface and atmospheric stability are high. In recent years, open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) technology has been gradually applied for large-scale monitoring. This technology [8,9] continuously measures the gas without sampling and pretreatment. It is more effective to monitor adsorbed gases (such as NH3). Moreover, it has the advantage of fast detection [10] and high sensitivity combined with long optical path technology. Flesch et al. (2007) measured methane volatilization in pasture based on TDLAS technology to verify its measurement accuracy. Todd et al. (2015) carried out ammonia emission monitoring in dairy farmland, and the volatilization rate obtained was 304g·head -1 ·d -1 . Anning Zhu et al. (2012) carried out ammonia emission monitoring before and after nitrogen fertilizer application in Huang-Huai-Hai farmland with TDLAS and BLS technology to obtain the emission rule. At present, there are few reports on effective extraction of characteristic absorption spectrum and improvement of detection stability in open-path detection. In this paper, the multi-line fitting algorithm was designed to realize spectrum detection. Allan variance analysis was carried out to determine the measureme
农田CO2和NH3的高灵敏度排放监测对分析环境和气候变化具有重要意义。研究了基于开路可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(OP-TDLAS)的在线检测技术。通过设计多线拟合算法，提取开路检测谱，实现浓度精确反演。通过Allan方差评价体系的检测稳定性，NH3和CO2的检出限分别为0.048L/L和4.31L/L。在皖北农田进行了检测试验，证明施肥和秸秆还田都是土壤CO2和NH3的排放源。前者的生长效果较施肥慢，但高于施肥。这种稳定的光谱检测方法可以获得大规模的浓度结果和清晰的排放规律，为环境友好型农业提供技术支持。近年来，我国采用秸秆还田[1,2]，在一定程度上改变了土壤的理化性质，甚至增加了土壤排放CO2和NH3的可能性。因此，需要通过有效、稳定的检测方法获取大规模农田CO2和NH3排放数据，评估其对大气环境的影响，这已成为农业和环境领域亟待解决的问题[3,4]。农田生态系统气体监测通常采用箱法[5]、微气象法[6-7]等。这些方法主要研究易受环境因素影响的局部土壤排放，对下垫面和大气稳定性要求较高。近年来，开路可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(OP-TDLAS)技术已逐渐应用于大规模监测。该技术[8,9]无需采样和预处理即可连续测量气体。对吸附气体(如NH3)的监测更有效。并且结合长光路技术具有检测速度快[10]、灵敏度高的优点。Flesch et al.(2007)基于TDLAS技术对牧场甲烷挥发进行了测量，验证了其测量精度。Todd等(2015)对奶牛场进行了氨排放监测，得到的挥发率为304g·head -1·d -1。朱安宁等(2012)利用TDLAS和BLS技术对黄淮海农田施氮前后的氨排放进行了监测，得到了排放规律。目前，开路检测中有效提取特征吸收光谱和提高检测稳定性的报道很少。本文设计了多线拟合算法来实现频谱检测。采用Allan方差分析确定测量结果的稳定性，并采用OP-TDLAS系统对农田CO2和NH3区域排放进行监测。基本原则根据Lambert-Beer定律,单色激光的激光发射频率和初始光强度0我穿过一个吸收介质有一定的长度L和激光接收之间的关系强度t我和吸光度表示为:0 ln t我k L(1)k单一气体的光谱吸收系数在一个转变:kv=S(T) () v Px(2)其中S(T)为线强度，P为压力，x为气体浓度，()v为归一化线性函数。通过对式(2)积分，气体浓度表示为[11]:()A x S T PL(3)在温度、谱线强度和压力已知的情况下，调整光谱跃迁波长范围，从跃迁吸光度结果中提取气体浓度。探测系统与技术系统设计OP-TDLAS系统结构如图1所示。采用DFB激光器作为光源，分别监测了6528.8cm−1的NH3吸收线和6336.3cm−1的CO2吸收线。光束合并器将两束时分扫描激光束耦合，并将其分成三束。一束光通过一个充满标准气体的基准室，另外两束光进入由望远镜和反光镜组成的开放式光学系统。两种光学系统分别用于测量背景路径和顺风路径的气体吸收光谱，用于定量反演浓度。温度控制器电流供应信号处理模块Detector1 Detector3 NH3 DFB激光分束器准直器测量开路参考路径数据采集处理器DAC
{"title":"Research on Laser Absorption Spectrum Detection Technology for CO2 and NH3 Regional Emission","authors":"Ying He, Boqiang Fan, Mengqi Li, Zhang Yujun, Kun You, Hao Xie, Dongqi Yu, Boen Lei, Li Xiaoyi, Jian-guo Liu, Wenqing Liu","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/34004","url":null,"abstract":"High-sensitivity emission monitoring of CO2 and NH3 in farmland region is very important for analyzing environment and climate change. The on-line detection technology was studied based on open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology (OP-TDLAS). The detection spectrum of open path was extracted to realize accurate concentration inversion by designing the multi-line fitting algorithm. The system detection stability was evaluated by Allan variance that the detection limit of NH3 and CO2 were about 0.048 L/L and 4.31 L/L respectively. The detection experiment was carried out in farmland of north Anhui to prove that both of the fertilization and straw returning to the field were the emission source of CO2 and NH3 from soil. The growth effect of the former was slower but higher than that of fertilization. This stable spectrum detection method can obtain large-scale concentration results and clear emission rules, which provide technical support for the environment-friendly agriculture. Introduction In recent years, our country has adopted straw returning to the field [1,2] which has changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil in a certain extent and even increased the possibility of CO2 and NH3 emission from the soil. Therefore, CO2 and NH3 emission data in large-scale farmland need obtain by effective and stable detection method to assess its impact on the atmospheric environment, which has become an urgent problem in agriculture and environmental fields [3,4] . Gas monitoring in farmland ecosystem usually adopts box method [5] , micrometeorology method [6-7] and so on. These methods mainly study local soil emissions which are vulnerable to environmental factors, and the requirements to underlying surface and atmospheric stability are high. In recent years, open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) technology has been gradually applied for large-scale monitoring. This technology [8,9] continuously measures the gas without sampling and pretreatment. It is more effective to monitor adsorbed gases (such as NH3). Moreover, it has the advantage of fast detection [10] and high sensitivity combined with long optical path technology. Flesch et al. (2007) measured methane volatilization in pasture based on TDLAS technology to verify its measurement accuracy. Todd et al. (2015) carried out ammonia emission monitoring in dairy farmland, and the volatilization rate obtained was 304g·head -1 ·d -1 . Anning Zhu et al. (2012) carried out ammonia emission monitoring before and after nitrogen fertilizer application in Huang-Huai-Hai farmland with TDLAS and BLS technology to obtain the emission rule. At present, there are few reports on effective extraction of characteristic absorption spectrum and improvement of detection stability in open-path detection. In this paper, the multi-line fitting algorithm was designed to realize spectrum detection. Allan variance analysis was carried out to determine the measureme","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78516456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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