Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35459
Jiaxing Fu, Zhiming Ma, Jiyang Li, Tong Wu
This paper completed a program with a typical coal loading station analysis, coal systems, interior design by coal storage system loading stations will be expanded, it will be subject to the coal pit, different forms of storage bunker, coal storage shed, etc. specific technical parameters superior and its corresponding economic indicators combined standard to do a detailed comparison and determine the best technical and economic solutions Cargo station construction; focus on the application of matlab calculation program calculates the design reserves loading stations with coal shed aspect ratio, the relationship between the length of the curve values, verify the Cargo station design is reasonable to give a general rule of coal storage capacity design.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Different Storage Cargo Station Project","authors":"Jiaxing Fu, Zhiming Ma, Jiyang Li, Tong Wu","doi":"10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35459","url":null,"abstract":"This paper completed a program with a typical coal loading station analysis, coal systems, interior design by coal storage system loading stations will be expanded, it will be subject to the coal pit, different forms of storage bunker, coal storage shed, etc. specific technical parameters superior and its corresponding economic indicators combined standard to do a detailed comparison and determine the best technical and economic solutions Cargo station construction; focus on the application of matlab calculation program calculates the design reserves loading stations with coal shed aspect ratio, the relationship between the length of the curve values, verify the Cargo station design is reasonable to give a general rule of coal storage capacity design.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78953403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35462
Zhaopeng Qian, K. Xiao
Generally, fundamental frequency (F0) is applied as the clue for tone recognition in normal speech. Tone recognition in whisper speech without F0 could be based on the temporal and spectral cues. However, the Mandarin Electro-Laryngeal (EL) speech with fixed F0 has no tone information. Therefore, the tone recognition of Mandarin EL speech is so difficult. And the researches about tone recognition for Mandarin EL speech is insufficient. In this paper, a new method labelling the tone for pinyin is proposed based on the context information to identify the tone of Mandarin speech without tone information. The experiment result shows that the precision, recall and the F value are all above 97% based on the test dataset. The amount of semantic information influences the performance of proposed method. If the amount of semantic information is little, the accuracy of tone labelling would be poor. The result shows that the proposed method has a good precision and robustness. The method can label the tone for pinyin without any tone information only based on the context information. The proposed method can label tones for tonal language, such as the Mandarin speech.
{"title":"Tagging Tone for Mandarin Pinyin Based on Sequence Labelling","authors":"Zhaopeng Qian, K. Xiao","doi":"10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35462","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, fundamental frequency (F0) is applied as the clue for tone recognition in normal speech. Tone recognition in whisper speech without F0 could be based on the temporal and spectral cues. However, the Mandarin Electro-Laryngeal (EL) speech with fixed F0 has no tone information. Therefore, the tone recognition of Mandarin EL speech is so difficult. And the researches about tone recognition for Mandarin EL speech is insufficient. In this paper, a new method labelling the tone for pinyin is proposed based on the context information to identify the tone of Mandarin speech without tone information. The experiment result shows that the precision, recall and the F value are all above 97% based on the test dataset. The amount of semantic information influences the performance of proposed method. If the amount of semantic information is little, the accuracy of tone labelling would be poor. The result shows that the proposed method has a good precision and robustness. The method can label the tone for pinyin without any tone information only based on the context information. The proposed method can label tones for tonal language, such as the Mandarin speech.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80185148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35465
Ruicai Si, Wang Songhan, Liu Xiwen, Zhongyang Wang, L. Jia, Zhong-xu Dou, Zhou Chi
Traditional PID is widely used in the main steam temperature control system of thermal power unit Cascade control. Although this control scheme is easy to be debugged on site, it is impossible to solve the problem of large fluctuation and over temperature of steam temperature only by adjusting PID parameters due to the characteristics of variable parameters, large inertia and large time delay of main steam temperature control system. Especially when the AGC command of power grid fluctuates frequently, the conventional control strategy is difficult to deal with, resulting in the change of main steam temperature regulation quality Poor, affecting unit economy and safety. In this paper, the sub PID set value adaptive control logic and desuperheating water injection logic to prevent the main steam temperature overshoot are used to solve the problem of the quality deterioration of the main steam temperature regulation under the frequent fluctuation of AGC instructions.
{"title":"Study on Temperature Control Strategy of Boiler Main Steam for Frequent Action of AGC Command in Power Grid","authors":"Ruicai Si, Wang Songhan, Liu Xiwen, Zhongyang Wang, L. Jia, Zhong-xu Dou, Zhou Chi","doi":"10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35465","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional PID is widely used in the main steam temperature control system of thermal power unit Cascade control. Although this control scheme is easy to be debugged on site, it is impossible to solve the problem of large fluctuation and over temperature of steam temperature only by adjusting PID parameters due to the characteristics of variable parameters, large inertia and large time delay of main steam temperature control system. Especially when the AGC command of power grid fluctuates frequently, the conventional control strategy is difficult to deal with, resulting in the change of main steam temperature regulation quality Poor, affecting unit economy and safety. In this paper, the sub PID set value adaptive control logic and desuperheating water injection logic to prevent the main steam temperature overshoot are used to solve the problem of the quality deterioration of the main steam temperature regulation under the frequent fluctuation of AGC instructions.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81447339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35491
Rui Guo, Shaosheng Fan, Youming Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Kai Liu
Employing computer vision and machine learning on equipment defect detection has become an important trend of electric power inspection. This paper presents a new electrical equipment default detection method based on improved YOLOv3. By combining abundant geometric measures, Complete IOU(CIOU) make the bounding box regression during NMS more accurate. Focal loss function, which focus on differentiate between easy and hard examples, is employed to deal with the class imbalance problem. Experiment results show that the proposed approach obtains competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art deep learning object detection methods.
{"title":"An Improved Object Detection Method for Automatic Electrical Equipment Defect Detection","authors":"Rui Guo, Shaosheng Fan, Youming Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Kai Liu","doi":"10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35491","url":null,"abstract":"Employing computer vision and machine learning on equipment defect detection has become an important trend of electric power inspection. This paper presents a new electrical equipment default detection method based on improved YOLOv3. By combining abundant geometric measures, Complete IOU(CIOU) make the bounding box regression during NMS more accurate. Focal loss function, which focus on differentiate between easy and hard examples, is employed to deal with the class imbalance problem. Experiment results show that the proposed approach obtains competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art deep learning object detection methods.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79992440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35500
Yongliang Ren, Shuwei He, Minzheng Jiang, Sheng Gao, K. Sun, Guopeng Zhang, Yan Wang, Ruijie Zhang
Oilfield flooding is one of the methods which replenish energy to stratum, improve the recovery factor of oil exploitation in the development of oilfield. The energy consumption of water injection is also part of the totle energy consumption. Oilfield flooding is one of the methods which with the great mass oilfields that in China have entered the later development period, the cost of oil exploitation is rising, and the water injection in the same way. It is an effective way to reduce the cost of water injection by using computer technology to optimize operation control of oil field water injection system. Water injection system analyzed in this paper is suitable by combining multiple centrifugal pump and frequency converter in the composition of water injection station as the water system, optimization mathematical model is established for water injection system, using c++ optimization software is compiled, selects the improved constrained variable dimension method was used to solve the model, the optimization result is applied to a production plant of daqing oilfield water injection system. After adopting the optimized pumping measures, the system efficiency is increased by 1.8% when meeting the water injection requirements, and the operation cost is saved by about 10,000 RMB per day, which reduces the production cost of the oilfield.
{"title":"Optimization Algorithm Study of Operation Energy Consumption in Water Flooding System","authors":"Yongliang Ren, Shuwei He, Minzheng Jiang, Sheng Gao, K. Sun, Guopeng Zhang, Yan Wang, Ruijie Zhang","doi":"10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/DTEEES/PEEES2020/35500","url":null,"abstract":"Oilfield flooding is one of the methods which replenish energy to stratum, improve the recovery factor of oil exploitation in the development of oilfield. The energy consumption of water injection is also part of the totle energy consumption. Oilfield flooding is one of the methods which with the great mass oilfields that in China have entered the later development period, the cost of oil exploitation is rising, and the water injection in the same way. It is an effective way to reduce the cost of water injection by using computer technology to optimize operation control of oil field water injection system. Water injection system analyzed in this paper is suitable by combining multiple centrifugal pump and frequency converter in the composition of water injection station as the water system, optimization mathematical model is established for water injection system, using c++ optimization software is compiled, selects the improved constrained variable dimension method was used to solve the model, the optimization result is applied to a production plant of daqing oilfield water injection system. After adopting the optimized pumping measures, the system efficiency is increased by 1.8% when meeting the water injection requirements, and the operation cost is saved by about 10,000 RMB per day, which reduces the production cost of the oilfield.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82986603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.12783/DTEEES/ICEEE2019/35108
Christina Kockel, Lars Nolting, Rafael Goldbeck, C. Wulf, R. D. Doncker, Aaron Praktiknjo
Microgrids with integrated renewable energies show promising potentials in terms of reliable, efficient, and clean smart grid concepts. Further improvements are expected when such a microgrid is operated on a direct current instead of an alternating one. Our study aims to systemically analyze the environmental impacts of microgrids operating on ac and on dc using power distribution within office buildings as an example. For this purpose, a comparative and scalable life cycle assessment is conducted based on a technical bottom up analysis of differences between ac and dc microgrids. Particularly, our approach combines the assessment of required power electronic components on a micro-level using a generic grid model on a macro-level. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of employed power electronics can be substantially reduced when utilizing a microgrid operating on dc instead of ac.
{"title":"Reducing Environmental Impacts through a Smart Design of Microgrids: Life Cycle Assessment for AC and DC","authors":"Christina Kockel, Lars Nolting, Rafael Goldbeck, C. Wulf, R. D. Doncker, Aaron Praktiknjo","doi":"10.12783/DTEEES/ICEEE2019/35108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/DTEEES/ICEEE2019/35108","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids with integrated renewable energies show promising potentials in terms of reliable, efficient, and clean smart grid concepts. Further improvements are expected when such a microgrid is operated on a direct current instead of an alternating one. Our study aims to systemically analyze the environmental impacts of microgrids operating on ac and on dc using power distribution within office buildings as an example. For this purpose, a comparative and scalable life cycle assessment is conducted based on a technical bottom up analysis of differences between ac and dc microgrids. Particularly, our approach combines the assessment of required power electronic components on a micro-level using a generic grid model on a macro-level. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of employed power electronics can be substantially reduced when utilizing a microgrid operating on dc instead of ac.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74592775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to highlight the difference in energy consumption between using blue water versus green water for agriculture in areas where water-intensive crops are grown in water-scarce regions. It focuses on water and energy consumption for greening the desert in United States, the world’s largest grain producer. The analysis is limited to the three largest crops by volume and value; corn, cotton, and wheat, which generate billions of dollars for the economy and use billions of gallons of water each day. The primary methodology is to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to visually represent the comparative amounts of blue water and green water used to grow water-intensive crops in water-scarce regions, by statistically mapping levels of water stress overlaid with the amounts of blue water versus green water used. It exposes where energy-intensive water practices are occurring due to a high dependence on blue water for irrigation in agriculture. The article concludes by discussing strategies to improve energy efficiency and reduce the vulnerabilities associated with overdependence on blue water such as high energy costs, low energy security, and susceptibility to aquifer reduction and ground water depletion.
{"title":"After the Sun: Energy Use in Blue v. Green Water for Agriculture","authors":"J. Kehl","doi":"10.22158/ees.v3n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/ees.v3n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to highlight the difference in energy consumption between using blue water versus green water for agriculture in areas where water-intensive crops are grown in water-scarce regions. It focuses on water and energy consumption for greening the desert in United States, the world’s largest grain producer. The analysis is limited to the three largest crops by volume and value; corn, cotton, and wheat, which generate billions of dollars for the economy and use billions of gallons of water each day. The primary methodology is to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to visually represent the comparative amounts of blue water and green water used to grow water-intensive crops in water-scarce regions, by statistically mapping levels of water stress overlaid with the amounts of blue water versus green water used. It exposes where energy-intensive water practices are occurring due to a high dependence on blue water for irrigation in agriculture. The article concludes by discussing strategies to improve energy efficiency and reduce the vulnerabilities associated with overdependence on blue water such as high energy costs, low energy security, and susceptibility to aquifer reduction and ground water depletion.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"6 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75847676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raimi Morufu Olalekan, A. Olalekan, Odipe Oluwaseun Emmanuel, T. K. Samson, A. Sunday, Ogunleye Temitope Jide
Amid sawmill busy lives, air pollution is one of the greatest casualties of our time and has increased worldwide since 1990. Today, the history of air pollution in sawmills accounts for 93.32% of the total number of wood processing industries in Nigeria, it seems daunting, overwhelming and have positioned the country at a perilous crossroad. For emerging nations such as Nigeria with a population projected to hit 410.6 million humans by 2050 with up to 40-60 million people with mental disorders at the moment, consequently more than 40,000 deaths a year will be due to air pollution. 7 million deaths worldwide is attributed to air pollution with the number set to increase significantly in coming decades mostly through non-communicable diseases like lung cancer, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also through acute respiratory infections like pneumonia. Similarly, around 90% of all people breathe air contaminated with pollutants. In 2015, tobacco caused 7 million deaths, 1.2 million AIDS, 1.1 million cases of tuberculosis and 0.7 million of malaria, 19% of all cardiovascular deaths, 24% of all deaths due to ischaemic heart disease. 21% of stroke deaths, and 23% of deaths from lung cancer. Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 70% of deaths from air pollution and are a major cause of unexplained infections. In addition, air pollution seems to be significant but it is still not a determinant factor of the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in children and neurodegenerative diseases in adults. This study assessed ambient air quality in major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Air pollution measurements were made using direct reading through automatic in situ gas monitors; Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor with model AS8900 (Combustible (LEL), and Oxygen (O2)), BLATN with model BR—Smart Series air quality monitor (PM10, Formaldehyde) and air quality multimeter with model B SIDE EET100 (Dust (PM2.5), VOC, Temperature and Relative Humidity). The results show that the mean concentrations of CO, O2 and other measured parameters such as Formaldehyde (HcHo) etc., are commonly lower and within acceptable range of National and International regulatory standards for air quality indices. There are however some exceptions such as mean concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), PM2.5, PM10 and Combustible (LEL) respectively high when compared to National and International standards. This high value is attributed to the amount of pollutant present in the sawmills due to the input of influents it receives from activities of the sawmill. This is why there has been air pollution in Ilorin metropolis and were however, found to be polluted. Given the high cost of additional measures to lessen air pollution and the new perspectives suggesting that health effects can be observed at low concentrations, the health effects of air pollution should be of scientific and regulatory interest in coming years. In the absenc
在锯木厂繁忙的生活中，空气污染是我们这个时代最大的伤亡之一，自1990年以来在全球范围内有所增加。今天，锯木厂的空气污染历史占尼日利亚木材加工工业总数的93.32%，这似乎令人生畏，势如挡，并将该国置于危险的十字路口。对于像尼日利亚这样的新兴国家来说，预计到2050年人口将达到4.106亿，目前有多达4000万至6000万人患有精神障碍，因此每年将有4万多人死于空气污染。全世界有700万人死于空气污染，未来几十年，这一数字将大幅增加，主要死于肺癌、中风和慢性阻塞性肺病等非传染性疾病，但也会死于肺炎等急性呼吸道感染。同样，大约90%的人呼吸着被污染物污染的空气。2015年，烟草造成700万人死亡，120万例艾滋病，110万例结核病和70万例疟疾，占所有心血管死亡人数的19%，占缺血性心脏病死亡人数的24%。21%的中风死亡，23%的肺癌死亡。非传染性疾病导致70%的空气污染死亡，也是不明原因感染的主要原因。此外，空气污染似乎很严重，但它仍然不是儿童神经退行性疾病和成人神经退行性疾病风险的决定性因素。本研究评估了尼日利亚夸拉州伊洛林大都会主要锯木厂场地的环境空气质量。空气污染测量是通过自动现场气体监测仪直接读数进行的;手持移动多气体监测仪型号AS8900(可燃(LEL)和氧气(O2))， BLATN型号BR-Smart系列空气质量监测仪(PM10，甲醛)和空气质量万用表型号B SIDE EET100(粉尘(PM2.5)， VOC，温度和相对湿度)。结果表明，空气中CO、O2和甲醛(HcHo)等其他测量参数的平均浓度普遍较低，处于国家和国际空气质量指标监管标准的可接受范围内。然而，也有一些例外，如挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、PM2.5、PM10和可燃物(LEL)的平均浓度分别高于国家和国际标准。这一高值归因于锯木厂的污染物量，因为它从锯木厂的活动中接收到污染物的输入。这就是为什么在伊洛林大都会有空气污染，但被发现被污染的原因。鉴于减少空气污染的额外措施成本高昂，以及新的观点表明，在低浓度下可以观察到对健康的影响，未来几年空气污染对健康的影响应引起科学和监管方面的关注。如果不采取积极的控制措施，预计到2060年，环境空气污染每年将造成600万至900万人死亡。
{"title":"Impact of Sawmill Industry on Ambient Air Quality: A Case Study of Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Raimi Morufu Olalekan, A. Olalekan, Odipe Oluwaseun Emmanuel, T. K. Samson, A. Sunday, Ogunleye Temitope Jide","doi":"10.22158/ees.v3n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/ees.v3n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Amid sawmill busy lives, air pollution is one of the greatest casualties of our time and has increased worldwide since 1990. Today, the history of air pollution in sawmills accounts for 93.32% of the total number of wood processing industries in Nigeria, it seems daunting, overwhelming and have positioned the country at a perilous crossroad. For emerging nations such as Nigeria with a population projected to hit 410.6 million humans by 2050 with up to 40-60 million people with mental disorders at the moment, consequently more than 40,000 deaths a year will be due to air pollution. 7 million deaths worldwide is attributed to air pollution with the number set to increase significantly in coming decades mostly through non-communicable diseases like lung cancer, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also through acute respiratory infections like pneumonia. Similarly, around 90% of all people breathe air contaminated with pollutants. In 2015, tobacco caused 7 million deaths, 1.2 million AIDS, 1.1 million cases of tuberculosis and 0.7 million of malaria, 19% of all cardiovascular deaths, 24% of all deaths due to ischaemic heart disease. 21% of stroke deaths, and 23% of deaths from lung cancer. Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 70% of deaths from air pollution and are a major cause of unexplained infections. In addition, air pollution seems to be significant but it is still not a determinant factor of the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in children and neurodegenerative diseases in adults. This study assessed ambient air quality in major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Air pollution measurements were made using direct reading through automatic in situ gas monitors; Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor with model AS8900 (Combustible (LEL), and Oxygen (O2)), BLATN with model BR—Smart Series air quality monitor (PM10, Formaldehyde) and air quality multimeter with model B SIDE EET100 (Dust (PM2.5), VOC, Temperature and Relative Humidity). The results show that the mean concentrations of CO, O2 and other measured parameters such as Formaldehyde (HcHo) etc., are commonly lower and within acceptable range of National and International regulatory standards for air quality indices. There are however some exceptions such as mean concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), PM2.5, PM10 and Combustible (LEL) respectively high when compared to National and International standards. This high value is attributed to the amount of pollutant present in the sawmills due to the input of influents it receives from activities of the sawmill. This is why there has been air pollution in Ilorin metropolis and were however, found to be polluted. Given the high cost of additional measures to lessen air pollution and the new perspectives suggesting that health effects can be observed at low concentrations, the health effects of air pollution should be of scientific and regulatory interest in coming years. In the absenc","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89954943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33963
Shouzhuang Li, Weiming Zhao, Yong Wang
In this study, the oxide film on X80 steel was fabricated to decrease hydrogen embrittlement of pipeline steel. The microstructures and mechanical properties in 10MPa hydrogen gas and hydrogen permeation properties were investigated. The phase structure of oxide film was mainly composed of Fe2O3. With the increasing of oxidation temperature, surface oxygen content improves gradually. Oxide film plays an important role in resisting hydrogen penetrating. Hydrogen diffusion coefficient decreases from 38.81☓10-7cm2s-1 to 1.26☓10-7 cm2s-1 for oxidation at 450 ℃. The plastic deformation increases obviously after oxidation. HEI decreases from 40.96% to 11.61% for oxidation at 450 ℃.
{"title":"Hydrogen Permeation Property and Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Pipeline Steel with Oxide Film","authors":"Shouzhuang Li, Weiming Zhao, Yong Wang","doi":"10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33963","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the oxide film on X80 steel was fabricated to decrease hydrogen embrittlement of pipeline steel. The microstructures and mechanical properties in 10MPa hydrogen gas and hydrogen permeation properties were investigated. The phase structure of oxide film was mainly composed of Fe2O3. With the increasing of oxidation temperature, surface oxygen content improves gradually. Oxide film plays an important role in resisting hydrogen penetrating. Hydrogen diffusion coefficient decreases from 38.81☓10-7cm2s-1 to 1.26☓10-7 cm2s-1 for oxidation at 450 ℃. The plastic deformation increases obviously after oxidation. HEI decreases from 40.96% to 11.61% for oxidation at 450 ℃.","PeriodicalId":11369,"journal":{"name":"DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Science","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.12783/dteees/peems2019/33980
Shu-Huan Fu, Siyu Ju, Beihai Wei, Huiping Zhu
Aiming at the complex process of phase interferometer ambiguity resolution and the strict requirement of baseline comparison, an optimized least square ambiguity resolution algorithm for multi-baseline phase interferometer is proposed. This algorithm is a backward-forward derivation method. First, phase matrix is generated by off-line calculation. Then verify the uniqueness condition of correctly ambiguity resolution, and the angle of arrival (AOA) is solved by criterion function. The algorithm uses the mean square operation instead of the time-consuming cosine function calculation. The algorithm can be applied to the complex array of interferometers and makes the test of the uniqueness condition simpler. Simulation experiments are carried out under the condition of one-dimensional linear array. The result show that the algorithm is effective and has high anti-noise performance. Introduction Phase interferometer is widely used in the measurement and control of direction of arrival (DOA) in passive location, and it is of great significance in DOA Location and tracking [1]. The phase interferometer has the advantages of high direction-finding accuracy, passive direction finding, simple internal structure and observation frequency bandwidth [2]. With the improvement of single satellite information processing ability, phase interferometer is widely used in passive location. The phase detection range of phase interferometer is (-π, π). When the length between two baselines exceeds half wavelength (λ/2), phase ambiguity will occur. Therefore, for single baseline phase interferometer, there is a contradiction between direction finding accuracy and maximum non ambiguity angle [3,4]. In reference [5], the long-short baseline method limits the length of the short baseline. In order to meet the requirement of wide-band direction finding of phase interferometer and ensure the realization of system physics, a method based on virtual baseline is proposed in reference [6,7]. The construction of virtual baseline is obtained by subtracting adjacent entity noise-added baseline, so the virtual baseline will increase the disturbance of noise. Moreover, the virtual baseline will limit the placement of two long baselines adjacent to the short baseline. The reference [8] puts forward multi-pare unwrap ambiguity algorithm. The baseline is required to be mutual prime. The phase ambiguity can be obtained by two-dimensional integer search, but each group is required to contain the correct ambiguity number. The reference [9] puts forward stagger-baseline algorithm and require the baselines satisfied stagger qualification. The ambiguity number of each baseline can be obtained by multi-dimensional integer search. In reference [10], the cosine function is used to eliminate the resolution of the ambiguity number. The operation of the algorithm is mainly concentrated in the calculation of multiple cosine functions. In reference [11], a high-precision AOA algorithm is introduced,
针对相位干涉仪模糊度解算过程复杂和基线比较要求严格的问题，提出了一种优化的多基线相位干涉仪最小二乘模糊度解算算法。该算法是一种前向推导方法。首先，通过离线计算生成相矩阵。然后验证了正确解模糊的唯一性条件，并利用准则函数求解了到达角。该算法使用均方运算代替耗时的余弦函数计算。该算法可应用于复杂干涉仪阵列，简化了唯一性条件的检验。在一维线性阵列条件下进行了仿真实验。结果表明，该算法是有效的，具有较高的抗噪性能。相位干涉仪广泛应用于无源定位的到达方向(DOA)测量与控制，在DOA定位与跟踪中具有重要意义[1]。相位干涉仪具有测向精度高、无源测向、内部结构简单、观测频带宽等优点[2]。随着单星信息处理能力的提高，相位干涉仪在无源定位中得到了广泛的应用。相位干涉仪的相位检测范围为(-π， π)。当两个基线之间的长度超过半波长(λ/2)时，将发生相位模糊。因此，对于单基线相位干涉仪，测向精度与最大无模糊角之间存在矛盾[3,4]。文献[5]中，长短基线法限制了短基线的长度。为了满足相位干涉仪宽带测向的要求，保证系统物理的实现，文献[6,7]提出了一种基于虚拟基线的方法。虚拟基线的构造是通过减去相邻实体加噪声的基线得到的，因此虚拟基线会增加噪声的干扰。此外，虚拟基线将限制在短基线附近放置两条长基线。文献[8]提出了多对解包裹模糊算法。基线要求是互素数。相位模糊度可以通过二维整数搜索得到，但要求每一组包含正确的模糊度数。文献[9]提出了交错基线算法，要求基线满足交错条件。通过多维整数搜索得到各基线的模糊度数。文献[10]采用余弦函数消除模糊数的分辨率。算法的操作主要集中在多个余弦函数的计算上。文献[11]介绍了一种高精度AOA算法，并对最大允许相位误差进行了分析。在多基线的情况下，需要通过以上过程多次获得最长基线的相位值。文献[12]采用均匀圆阵列(uniform circular array, UCA)测向，通过查找表查找模糊度数，再通过模糊度数计算DOA。本文提出了一种优化的最小二乘DOA估计算法。该算法基于在无噪声情况下，每个入射波角对应的相位差是恒定的这一事实。离线建立矩阵存储各角度的相位差，建立判据函数求解方位。与上述方法相比，该算法具有三个优点。一是避免了求解模糊数的过程，不需要多维整数搜索，计算量小;其次，生成相位矩阵，简化了唯一性条件的检验。第三，该算法不仅适用于线性阵列，也适用于平面阵列，如L阵列、UCA等。基于最小二乘准则的一维线性相位干涉仪阵列DOA估计算法假设存在一个N+1个单元分布在一维直线上的相位干涉仪阵列，定义基线0 a为相位0的参考基线，1 ~ N a a之间的距离为1 2，，，N D D D，如图1所示。辐射源在远场位置相对于干涉仪,波长,入射波的角度,以及基线1 ~ N之间的相位差和0一个是:2罪(),1、2,N N N D N(1)实际得到的相位差N不同于N的2π:2 (),N N N N M(2)N M N A和0之间的相位模糊数。图1所示。
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