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Una aproximación cualitativa al impacto de la Ley 20.903 en la calidad de programas de formación inicial docente de la Universidad de Los Lagos 第20.903号法律对洛斯拉各斯大学初级教师教育方案质量影响的定性方法
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.7959
Mauricio Barra-Ranni, Gustavo Guerrero-Molina, Hugo Saavedra-Hernández, Ignacio Soto-Silva
En 2016 fue publicada la Ley 20.903, que establece regulaciones a las pedagogías en Chile, tanto en formación inicial docente (FID) como en el ejercicio profesional de dichas carreras. Así, se propone caracterizar los impactos iniciales y resultados de la Ley 20.903 y las normas de la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación (CNA) en las carreras pedagógicas de la Universidad de Los Lagos y analizar los resultados en sus niveles de calidad. El estudio constituye una profundización de un proyecto de investigación financiado por la CNA. Es un estudio de caso, en el cual se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo. Se aplicaron entrevistas a directores(as) y jefaturas de carrera, así como grupos focales a académicos(as) y estudiantes. Se concluye que la Ley 20.903 disminuiría la desregulación de las pedagogías: valorizaría la FID, mejoraría el currículo y estandarizaría la calidad. Aunque, participantes afirman que provocaría una homogeneización en la formación, por ende, relevan la necesidad de considerar el contexto territorial en el proceso formativo. Además, las nuevas exigencias de la ley derivarían en mayor burocratización en el proceso de acreditación de carreras pedagógicas y supondría un peligro para su sustentabilidad, ya que el aumento de los puntajes mínimos de ingreso perjudicaría la matrícula.
2016年,智利颁布了第20.903号法律,为智利的教育学制定了规定,包括初级教师培训(FID)和这些职业的专业实践。因此,我们建议描述第20.903号法律和国家认证委员会(CNA)的标准对洛斯拉各斯大学教学职业的初步影响和结果,并分析其质量水平的结果。这项研究是对CNA资助的一个研究项目的深入研究。这是一个案例研究,其中使用了定性方法。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥国立自治大学(unam)和墨西哥国立自治大学(unam)之间的关系,以及墨西哥国立自治大学(unam)和墨西哥国立自治大学(unam)之间的关系。因此,第20.903号法律将减少对教育的放松管制:它将加强FID,改进课程,并使质量标准化。虽然参与者声称这将导致培训的同质化,但他们强调在培训过程中需要考虑地域背景。此外,该法律的新要求将导致教学职业认证过程的更多官僚主义,并对其可持续性构成威胁,因为提高最低收入分数将损害学费。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the validity evidence surrounding use of value-added models to evaluate teachers: A systematic review 评估围绕使用增值模型来评估教师的有效性证据:一个系统的回顾
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.8201
Audrey Amrein-Beardsley, Matthew Ryan Lavery, Jessica Holloway, Margarita Pivovarova, Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn
Local education agencies (LEAs) continue to use value-added models (VAMs) for teacher evaluation policies and purposes, often with consequences attached. Although the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) provides more flexibility to LEAs, few have discontinued VAM use, suggesting they interpret VAMs as a valid measure of teacher effectiveness. In this systematic review, we used a framework built on the Standards of Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA et al., 2014) to examine validity evidence contained in 75 articles published in high-quality, peer-reviewed journals in which article authors supported or challenged user interpretations and uses of VAMs. Results with implications for educational policy are presented.
地方教育机构(LEAs)继续使用增值模型(VAMs)来制定教师评价政策和目的,通常附带后果。尽管《每个学生成功法案》(ESSA)为LEAs提供了更大的灵活性,但很少有LEAs停止使用VAM,这表明他们将VAM视为衡量教师效率的有效指标。在本系统综述中,我们使用了基于教育和心理测试标准(AERA等人,2014年)的框架来检查发表在高质量同行评审期刊上的75篇文章中包含的有效性证据,这些文章的作者支持或质疑用户对VAMs的解释和使用。本文提出了具有教育政策意义的研究结果。
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引用次数: 1
Rural district leaders and place in the shadow of the pandemic: Refining the conceptualization of leadership of place as caring 大流行阴影下的农村地区领导人和地方:改进地方领导的概念,即关怀
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.8059
Jeff Walls, Sarah J. Zuckerman
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the tensions between rural community needs and politicized state-level school closure mandates. District leaders faced competing demands of meeting the basic needs of vulnerable families, supporting the mental health of students and teachers, protecting the health of all community members, and creating new opportunities for learning. This study examines how rural district leaders responded to these challenges through the lens of caring. This lens highlights how district leaders responded to their contexts, as well as their perceptions of student, family, and staff needs in ethically grounded and politically savvy ways. We draw on semi-structured interviews with 12 rural district leaders in eight districts. District leaders in this study described caring as something that is intentionally enacted and identified several aspects that contributed to a caring district: a welcoming culture, taking an interest in individuals, prioritizing wellbeing, developing relationships, extending empathy and grace for people, and helping individuals see themselves as part of a larger community. Leaders made efforts to set the tone for and model care, build relationships with students, teachers, parents, and community members, and enact servant leadership to support others. We conclude by examining the ways that applying an ethic of care illustrates how leaders identify needs and the strategies they use to respond to those needs in a responsive, place-attuned way.
2019冠状病毒病大流行加剧了农村社区需求与政治化的州一级学校关闭任务之间的紧张关系。地区领导人面临着满足脆弱家庭的基本需要、支持学生和教师的心理健康、保护所有社区成员的健康以及创造新的学习机会等相互竞争的需求。本研究考察了农村地区领导人如何通过关怀的视角来应对这些挑战。这个镜头强调地区领导人如何回应他们的背景,以及他们对学生、家庭和教职员需求的看法,以合乎道德和政治上精明的方式。我们对8个地区的12位农村地区领导进行了半结构化访谈。在这项研究中,地区领导人将关怀描述为有意制定的事情,并确定了几个方面有助于一个关怀地区:欢迎文化,对个人感兴趣,优先考虑福祉,发展关系,扩展同情和对人们的优雅,并帮助个人将自己视为更大社区的一部分。领导者努力为关怀定下基调并树立榜样,与学生、老师、家长和社区成员建立关系,并制定仆人式领导来支持他人。最后,我们考察了运用关怀伦理的方式,说明了领导者如何识别需求,以及他们使用的策略,以一种响应性的、与地方相适应的方式来应对这些需求。
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引用次数: 0
Acessibilidade e inclusão na graduação em ciências contábeis: Uma discussão acerca do conhecimento e envolvimento 会计本科的可及性和包容性:关于知识和参与的讨论
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.7850
Matheus Silva Souza, Marli Auxiliadora da Silva
Barreiras diversas limitam a permanência e conclusão do ensino superior às pessoas com deficiência, e sua eliminação é essencial para a inclusão e a garantia de direitos fundamentais como a educação e justiça social. Por meio das lentes das dimensões da acessibilidade problematizamos como a acessibilidade é promovida e percebida nos cursos de Ciências Contábeis de uma universidade pública federal mineira. Na discussão qualitativa, com uso da Análise de Conteúdo, atribuiu-se significados aos termos e expressões usados por um corpus de 29 entrevistados que relataram seu conhecimento e envolvimento com o processo de inclusão na instituição e cursos. As falas revelaram o ‘fenômeno da negação’ dado o predomínio do advérbio ‘não’ sobre o conhecimento de práticas inclusivas nas diferentes dimensões da acessibilidade. Também predomina a negação quanto ao envolvimento, sobretudo em ações para promoção da acessibilidade comunicacional, metodológica e atitudinal dentro e fora de sala de aula. Confirmamos dificuldades durante o percurso formativo de discentes, em relação à acessibilidade arquitetônica [sinalização irregular, estacionamento sem calçamento, elevadores defeituosos], instrumental [necessidade de equipamentos, e material bibliográfico em língua de sinais e braile, demanda por intérpretes]; metodológica [despreparo docente, atitudes capacitistas]; e falhas de comunicação entre a direção, coordenação, Depae, docentes e discentes.
一些障碍限制了残疾人高等教育的持久性和完成,消除这些障碍对于包容和保障教育和社会正义等基本权利至关重要。通过可及性维度的镜头,我们质疑在米纳斯吉拉斯的一所联邦公立大学的会计课程中如何促进和感知可及性。在定性讨论中,使用内容分析,对29名受访者的语料库所使用的术语和表达赋予意义,这些受访者报告了他们在机构和课程中的知识和参与过程。演讲揭示了“否认现象”,因为副词“no”在不同无障碍维度的包容性实践知识上占主导地位。否认参与也占主导地位,特别是在促进课堂内外沟通、方法和态度无障碍的行动中。我们确认了学生在培训过程中遇到的困难,包括建筑无障碍[不平整的标识、没有路面的停车场、有缺陷的电梯]、仪器[设备的需要、手语和盲文的书目材料、口译的需求];方法学[教学准备不足,能力态度];以及董事会、协调、Depae、师生之间的沟通失败。
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引用次数: 0
Llegando a la universidad. Aspiraciones y experiencias de universitarios de primer año de licenciatura en México 去上大学。墨西哥一年级大学生的抱负和经历
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.8019
Luis Antonio Mata Zúñiga
Este artículo analiza las aspiraciones de estudiantes de primer año de seis universidades en México que mantienen importantes diferencias tanto por régimen, público-privado; por nivel de desarrollo institucional, consolidado o en desarrollo; por la composición social de sus estudiantes; así como por la ubicación geográfica de las universidades. Para recuperar estas diferencias y observar su relación con las aspiraciones de universitarios se movilizan los conceptos: Espacios Universitarios Asimétricos (EUA) (Villa Lever et al., 2017); aspiraciones (Appadurai, 2004) y condición juvenil (Reguillo, 2010). Se elaboran conclusiones sobre las diferencias entre la capacidad de construir horizontes de futuro de los universitarios y su relación con asimetrías encontradas en los EUA mediante el análisis estadístico de 1605 encuestas y de 31 entrevistas semiestructuradas.
本文分析了墨西哥六所大学一年级学生的愿望,这些大学在制度、公共和私人方面都保持着重要的差异;按机构发展水平、巩固或正在发展;学生的社会构成;以及大学的地理位置。为了恢复这些差异并观察它们与大学生愿望的关系,我们调动了概念:不对称的大学空间(EUA) (Villa Lever et al., 2017);抱负(Appadurai, 2004)和青年状况(Reguillo, 2010)。本文通过对1605项调查和31项半结构化访谈的统计分析,探讨了美国大学生构建未来视野能力的差异及其与不对称的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating parental rights: A study of Virginia’s model policies on transgender student treatment 引导父母权利:弗吉尼亚州跨性别学生待遇模范政策研究
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.8166
Dustin Hornbeck
In this study, I explore the discourse surrounding parental rights in U.S. public schools, with Virginia as a focal point. Analyzing two sets of model policies regarding the treatment of transgender students—one established under a Democratic governor and another implemented following the election of a Republican candidate championing parental rights—this research employs qualitative content analysis to gain insight into the contemporary parental rights movement in educational settings. Five key themes emerged: 1. Reliance on expert opinions; 2. Variation in depth and breadth of information within policies; 3. Transgender student inclusion in policies; 4. Student and parent focus imbalance; and 5. Adherence to legal intent. The findings indicate a shift in emphasis from addressing gender identity concerns to prioritizing parental rights, with ramifications for the broader political landscape. This research enriches the ongoing dialogue on the role of parents in education and the consequences of the conservative parental rights movement for educational policy.
在这项研究中,我以弗吉尼亚州为焦点,探讨了围绕美国公立学校父母权利的论述。本研究分析了两套关于对待跨性别学生的模范政策——一套是由民主党州长制定的,另一套是在支持父母权利的共和党候选人当选后实施的——采用定性内容分析来深入了解当代教育环境中的父母权利运动。出现了五个关键主题:1。对专家意见的依赖;2. 政策内信息的深度和广度不同;3.跨性别学生纳入政策;4. 学生与家长注意力不平衡;和5。遵守法律意图。调查结果表明,重点从解决性别认同问题转向优先考虑父母的权利,这对更广泛的政治格局产生了影响。这项研究丰富了正在进行的关于父母在教育中的作用和保守的父母权利运动对教育政策的影响的对话。
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引用次数: 0
Money matters: How social class shapes students’ understandings of financing their education 金钱很重要:社会阶层如何影响学生对资助教育的理解
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.7882
Saralyn McKinnon-Crowley, Ashli Duncan-Buchanan, Eliza Epstein, Huriya Jabbar, Lauren Schudde
Higher education is increasingly expensive, and access disparities by race and social class exist. Yet, we lack nuance in the scholarly literature about students’ understandings of how they finance their college education. We examine how class-based differences influence how students finance college education. We draw on concepts from economic sociology and sensemaking to examine how class backgrounds shape students’ meaning-making of finance and funding their college education. Through interviews with 56 community college students, we examine what money means to students and how that varies across classes, with implications for transfer decisions and outcomes. We surface important implications for students’ behaviors and decisions in college.
高等教育的成本越来越高,种族和社会阶层之间的差异也存在。然而,我们在学术文献中缺乏关于学生如何资助大学教育的理解的细微差别。我们研究阶级差异如何影响学生资助大学教育。我们利用经济社会学和意义建构的概念来研究阶级背景如何影响学生对金融和资助大学教育的意义建构。通过对56名社区大学生的采访,我们研究了金钱对学生的意义,以及不同班级之间的差异,以及对转学决策和结果的影响。我们对大学生的行为和决定提出了重要的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Assistência estudantil: Uma avaliação de sua efetividade 学生援助:对其有效性的评估
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.7512
Luiz Cláudio Costa Ferreira, Alexandre Nascimento de Almeida, Carolina Cassia Batista Santos, Bernardo Kipnis
O Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES) completa 12 anos de existência em 2020, contou com um orçamento em torno de R$ 1 bilhão em 2019, no entanto, há poucas iniciativas de avaliação dos seus impactos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito dos programas de assistência estudantil da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) no período de 2010-2014, por meio da comparação das taxas de evasão e retenção entre os estudantes participantes e não participantes da assistência estudantil. Os resultados indicaram que não houve diferença na taxa de evasão entre os dois grupos analisados. Quando avaliado em desagregado por cursos, a taxa de evasão variou inversamente proporcional ao prestígio do curso. A retenção dos estudantes da assistência estudantil apresentou ser maior comparativamente a dos estudantes não participantes nos cursos de médio e baixo prestígio. Os programas de assistência estudantil têm atingido o objetivo do PNAES, reduzindo a taxa de evasão e mantendo a média de retenção dos estudantes atendidos dentro dos parâmetros definidos pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil (MEC). Destaca-se que, no caso da retenção, são necessários ajustes para que essa seja igual entre todos os estudantes da UnB, principalmente nos cursos considerados de médio e baixo prestígio.
国家学生援助计划(PNAES)将于2020年完成12年的存在,2019年的预算约为10亿雷亚尔,但评估其影响的举措很少。本研究的目的是评估巴西利亚大学(UnB)在2010-2014年期间的学生援助计划的效果,通过比较参与和不参与学生援助的学生的辍学率和留存率。结果表明,两组之间的逃避率没有差异。当按课程分类评估时,辍学率与课程的声望成反比。与没有参加中、低声望课程的学生相比,学生资助学生的留存率更高。学生援助项目已经实现了PNAES的目标,降低了辍学率,并在巴西教育部(MEC)规定的参数内保持了学生的平均留存率。值得注意的是,在保留的情况下,有必要进行调整,以便在UnB的所有学生中,特别是在被认为是中等和低声望的课程中,这是平等的。
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引用次数: 0
Let’s face it, the racial politics are always there: A critical race approach to policy implementation in the wake of anti-CRT rhetoric 让我们面对现实吧,种族政治总是存在的:在反crt言论之后,一个关键的种族方法来执行政策
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.7694
Anjalé Welton, Sarah Diem, Sarah Lent
School communities across the United States are experiencing increasing calls to remove the teaching of critical race theory (CRT) from their curricula despite not actually doing so in practice. This anti-CRT push is part of a larger, conservative agenda to ban teaching “divisive” topics in public schools and exemplifies the underlying racial politics existent in educational policy implementation. In this article, we analyze the legal efforts to ban CRT and anti-racist teaching in one state through a framework that situates policy implementation within CRT, which seeks to advance how whiteness, interest convergence, racial realism, and the erasure of people of color are continual to policy implementation. Through a critical discourse analysis of anti-CRT rhetoric, we illustrate how predictable patterns such as white backlash, overt racism, racial violence, and racial trauma are brought to light in policy implementation. We then offer an example of CRT as critical race praxis (CRP) in another state that works to counter racism and create anti-racist change in policy design and implementation. CRP is perhaps one tool school leaders have at their disposal to subvert whiteness and white supremacy in policymaking, especially policy implementation.
美国各地的学校社区正在经历越来越多的呼吁,要求从他们的课程中删除批判种族理论(CRT)的教学,尽管实际上并没有这样做。这种反crt的推动是一个更大的保守议程的一部分,该议程禁止在公立学校教授“分裂”话题,并例证了教育政策实施中存在的潜在种族政治。在本文中,我们通过一个将政策实施置于CRT的框架来分析一个州禁止CRT和反种族主义教学的法律努力,该框架旨在推进白人化、利益趋同、种族现实主义和消除有色人种如何持续影响政策实施。通过对反crt言论的批判性话语分析,我们说明了白人反弹、公开的种族主义、种族暴力和种族创伤等可预测的模式是如何在政策实施中暴露出来的。然后,我们提供了一个例子,CRT作为另一个州的关键种族实践(CRP),致力于反对种族主义,并在政策设计和实施中创造反种族主义的变化。CRP可能是学校领导在政策制定,尤其是政策执行中颠覆白人至上主义和白人至上主义的一个工具。
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引用次数: 0
Diferencia entre escuelas en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) 布宜诺斯艾利斯(阿根廷)学校之间的差异
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.14507/epaa.31.7569
Pablo Santiago Serrati
Las diferencias entre escuelas son un aspecto importante de las desigualdades educativas en un contexto de expansión de la cobertura. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores que explican estas diferencias entre las escuelas en el nivel medio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Metodológicamente se utiliza un enfoque en tándem, en el que se combina un análisis factorial múltiple y un agrupamiento difuso basado en k-medias. Como resultados del análisis se identifica una diferenciación de la oferta educativa basada en dos dimensiones principales: por un lado, el origen social y el rendimiento educativo, y por el otro la homogeneidad social de la matrícula. Como parte de las conclusiones, se cuestiona la pertinencia de utilizar los conceptos de “segmentación” y “fragmentación” para caracterizar la diferencia entre escuelas en el caso estudiado. A su vez, los resultados ponen en duda la existencia de límites definidos entre los grupos de escuelas, siendo más precisa la idea de un continuo de diferenciación. Se propone pensar la diferencia entre escuelas del nivel medio en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires desde el concepto de “espacio continuo, desigual y jerarquizado”. Este enfoque relacional entiende la diferencia entre escuelas como expresión de un espacio continuo multidimensional que integra a las escuelas dentro de un entramado de desigualdades global
在扩大覆盖面的背景下,学校之间的差异是教育不平等的一个重要方面。本研究的目的是找出解释布宜诺斯艾利斯(阿根廷)中等水平学校之间差异的因素。方法上采用串联方法,结合多因素分析和基于k- mean的扩散聚类。本研究的目的是分析教育提供的差异,这是基于两个主要维度:一方面,社会起源和教育成就,另一方面,注册的社会同质性。在本研究中,我们分析了两所学校之间的差异,这两所学校都有一个共同的特点,那就是他们之间的差异。这些结果反过来对学校群体之间是否存在明确的界限提出了质疑,而区分连续体的概念更为精确。本文从“连续、不平等和等级空间”的概念出发,思考了布宜诺斯艾利斯自治市中等水平学校之间的差异。这种关系方法将学校之间的差异理解为一个多维连续空间的表达,该空间将学校整合到全球不平等的网络中
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引用次数: 0
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