Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1877082
Seth L. King, Omi Hodwitz
ABSTRACT Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit are at high risk of victimisation in North America. Although this experience exists across geopolitical boundaries, Canada and the United States have very different responses to this reality. This article identifies the varying efforts by each country to address missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit (MMIWG2). It reveals that, while both still have much work to do, the United States is far behind Canada in investigating the situation. The article concludes with two suggestions: first, academics should work with other relevant parties to better understand the MMIWG2 situation in the United States and, second, that both countries would be strengthened from an exchange in information and collaboration. MMIWG2 are not confined by national borders and neither should be academic efforts and solutions.
{"title":"What’s the plan? Broadening the MMIWG2 conversation in North America","authors":"Seth L. King, Omi Hodwitz","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1877082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1877082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit are at high risk of victimisation in North America. Although this experience exists across geopolitical boundaries, Canada and the United States have very different responses to this reality. This article identifies the varying efforts by each country to address missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit (MMIWG2). It reveals that, while both still have much work to do, the United States is far behind Canada in investigating the situation. The article concludes with two suggestions: first, academics should work with other relevant parties to better understand the MMIWG2 situation in the United States and, second, that both countries would be strengthened from an exchange in information and collaboration. MMIWG2 are not confined by national borders and neither should be academic efforts and solutions.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125622976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2020.1846442
Jesús Ángel González
ABSTRACT This paper uses Neil Campbell’s definition of post-Westerns as films ‘coming after and going beyond the traditional Western whilst engaging with and commenting on its deeply haunting assumptions and values’ (Post-Westerns, 2013) in order to expand it to a transnational, post-colonial context and focus on two films made by Australian director Ivan Sen (Mystery Road [2013] and Goldstone [2016]) that can be considered Australian post-Westerns. These two films make references not only to American Westerns, but also to the less known genre of Australian Westerns or ‘bushranger films’, and they use, on the one hand, an aboriginal protagonist as reminder of the ‘black tracker’ typical of Australian Westerns, and on the other, the Australian outback to question the country’s identity and foundational myths. By establishing a complex dialogue both with American Westerns and their Australian counterpart, Ivan Sen articulates a discourse which refutes the country’s foundational myth as a terra nullius, and proposes a new sense of national identity that is inclusive of the Indigenous experience.
{"title":"Ivan Sen’s Transnational Post-Westerns: Mystery Road (2012) and Goldstone (2016)","authors":"Jesús Ángel González","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2020.1846442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2020.1846442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper uses Neil Campbell’s definition of post-Westerns as films ‘coming after and going beyond the traditional Western whilst engaging with and commenting on its deeply haunting assumptions and values’ (Post-Westerns, 2013) in order to expand it to a transnational, post-colonial context and focus on two films made by Australian director Ivan Sen (Mystery Road [2013] and Goldstone [2016]) that can be considered Australian post-Westerns. These two films make references not only to American Westerns, but also to the less known genre of Australian Westerns or ‘bushranger films’, and they use, on the one hand, an aboriginal protagonist as reminder of the ‘black tracker’ typical of Australian Westerns, and on the other, the Australian outback to question the country’s identity and foundational myths. By establishing a complex dialogue both with American Westerns and their Australian counterpart, Ivan Sen articulates a discourse which refutes the country’s foundational myth as a terra nullius, and proposes a new sense of national identity that is inclusive of the Indigenous experience.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114960785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1908872
Mohammed Hamdan
ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between literary geography and the reconstruction of transnational places in Herman Melville’s Typee, originally published in 1846. This year of publication characterises the increasing American movement towards understanding exotic places and their cultural reflections on American society. Typee typifies this serious American identification with alien places as it is heavily devoted to the description of an American seafarer’s adventure on the island of Nuku Hiva in the South Pacific Marquesas Islands, an adventure which is believed to be partially based on Melville’s voyages in the Pacific Ocean. The article, however, is concerned with the geographic language of Melville’s narrator as it seeks to explain how the physical experiences of Typee’s narrator such as sightseeing, walking and escaping from the Island’s natives re-create a direct cultural mode of communication with the American public which departs from the old discourse of colonial maps. Notions of the American self and its spatial national identity must be reconsidered through the re-mapping of other distant places beyond the imaginative configurations of the American public. The article, thus, aims at decolonising the traditional meaning of maps that have always been geographically misrepresented for the cultural demarcation of the American identity.
{"title":"‘Till we stand on the summit of yonder mountain’: literary geography and re-mapping place in Melville’s Typee","authors":"Mohammed Hamdan","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1908872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1908872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between literary geography and the reconstruction of transnational places in Herman Melville’s Typee, originally published in 1846. This year of publication characterises the increasing American movement towards understanding exotic places and their cultural reflections on American society. Typee typifies this serious American identification with alien places as it is heavily devoted to the description of an American seafarer’s adventure on the island of Nuku Hiva in the South Pacific Marquesas Islands, an adventure which is believed to be partially based on Melville’s voyages in the Pacific Ocean. The article, however, is concerned with the geographic language of Melville’s narrator as it seeks to explain how the physical experiences of Typee’s narrator such as sightseeing, walking and escaping from the Island’s natives re-create a direct cultural mode of communication with the American public which departs from the old discourse of colonial maps. Notions of the American self and its spatial national identity must be reconsidered through the re-mapping of other distant places beyond the imaginative configurations of the American public. The article, thus, aims at decolonising the traditional meaning of maps that have always been geographically misrepresented for the cultural demarcation of the American identity.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134584872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1891690
M. Hunt
{"title":"Introduction: 2020 and the urgent past","authors":"M. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1891690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1891690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"472 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114016412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1896422
T. Curry
ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has been analysed as a distinct from, but concurrent with, more typical racist events, such as police killings in the United States. This article argues that one can conceptualise these two events as inter-related and synergistically enhanced. Anti-Black racism is a dynamic that utilises different social inequalities and violent events to manage the Black population within the United States. This article suggests that theorists would benefit from a syndemic analysis of disease and anti-Black violence in future theorisations of Black oppression.
{"title":"Conditioned for Death: Analysing Black Mortalities from Covid-19 and Police Killings in the United States as a Syndemic Interaction","authors":"T. Curry","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1896422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1896422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has been analysed as a distinct from, but concurrent with, more typical racist events, such as police killings in the United States. This article argues that one can conceptualise these two events as inter-related and synergistically enhanced. Anti-Black racism is a dynamic that utilises different social inequalities and violent events to manage the Black population within the United States. This article suggests that theorists would benefit from a syndemic analysis of disease and anti-Black violence in future theorisations of Black oppression.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133048314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2020.1835385
A. Dawson
ABSTRACT This article argues that Colson Whitehead’s much understudied coming of age novel Sag Harbor makes an important intervention into the history of the coming of age genre. Sag Harbor is the story of upper-middle class Black boy Benji Cooper, now an adult, narrating a summer he spent at the majority Black beach town of Sag Harbor when he was fifteen years old. Through a series of extended comparative readings to canonical works of coming of age – James Baldwin’s If Beale Street Could Talk (1974) and Jeffrey Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides (1993) – I argue that such narratives are often dependent on the freedom whiteness grants to move unimpeded through the world. Benji is only able to follow a ‘traditional’ coming of age narrative because his class gives him access to a space – Sag Harbor – which is not structured by an overdetermining white gaze. Thus, by aligning Benji with ‘traditional’ coming of age narratives, Whitehead intervenes in the history of Black coming of age literature, which depicts coming of age for Black youth as learning the limits of Blackness in a society built around whiteness.
{"title":"‘It Was the Last Time We’d Start the Summer that Way’: Space, Race, and Coming of Age in Colson Whitehead’s Sag Harbor","authors":"A. Dawson","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2020.1835385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2020.1835385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that Colson Whitehead’s much understudied coming of age novel Sag Harbor makes an important intervention into the history of the coming of age genre. Sag Harbor is the story of upper-middle class Black boy Benji Cooper, now an adult, narrating a summer he spent at the majority Black beach town of Sag Harbor when he was fifteen years old. Through a series of extended comparative readings to canonical works of coming of age – James Baldwin’s If Beale Street Could Talk (1974) and Jeffrey Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides (1993) – I argue that such narratives are often dependent on the freedom whiteness grants to move unimpeded through the world. Benji is only able to follow a ‘traditional’ coming of age narrative because his class gives him access to a space – Sag Harbor – which is not structured by an overdetermining white gaze. Thus, by aligning Benji with ‘traditional’ coming of age narratives, Whitehead intervenes in the history of Black coming of age literature, which depicts coming of age for Black youth as learning the limits of Blackness in a society built around whiteness.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127056479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2020.1855863
Edward Clough
Watson’s treatment of Faulkner’s work does not ultimately ‘make it new’, as the dust cover hopefully suggests, it nonetheless provides a useful and engaging reminder of that corpus’s capaciousness and capacity to support diverse, even contradictory, readings. Moreover, although Watson does not make this point explicitly, it is also nonetheless evident from these readings that Faulkner’s multi-generational, multi-volume Yoknapatawpha saga – with its central preoccupation with the processing of inheritance and change – provides an exceptionally fertile ground for exploring, rethinking, and complicating modernity’s discourses, and for viewing, through that kaleidoscopic textual lens, the many and revolving faces that modernism might take.
{"title":"Detecting the south in fiction, film & television","authors":"Edward Clough","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2020.1855863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2020.1855863","url":null,"abstract":"Watson’s treatment of Faulkner’s work does not ultimately ‘make it new’, as the dust cover hopefully suggests, it nonetheless provides a useful and engaging reminder of that corpus’s capaciousness and capacity to support diverse, even contradictory, readings. Moreover, although Watson does not make this point explicitly, it is also nonetheless evident from these readings that Faulkner’s multi-generational, multi-volume Yoknapatawpha saga – with its central preoccupation with the processing of inheritance and change – provides an exceptionally fertile ground for exploring, rethinking, and complicating modernity’s discourses, and for viewing, through that kaleidoscopic textual lens, the many and revolving faces that modernism might take.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121212311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1887574
S. Thompson
{"title":"Violence from slavery to #BlackLivesMatter: African American history and representation","authors":"S. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1887574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1887574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121917596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1895038
Rachel Pistol
ABSTRACT Since 2015, Donald Trump, his administration and supporters have repeatedly abused the history of Second World War Japanese American incarceration. In contrast to preceding Presidents who recognised the miscarriage of justice authorised by Franklin Roosevelt, Trump and his administration have used this history to justify racism. All post-war presidents before Trump, regardless of political affiliation, agreed what happened under Executive Order 9066 was wrong and should never be repeated. Donald Trump and his administration have, by contrast, not only failed to condemn the incarceration but instead attempted to use test cases brought against the United States government during the war as questionable legal precedent to justify racist policies. The travel ban for those travelling to the USA from Muslim majority countries was compared to Executive Order 9066; Trump’s policy of separating migrant children from their parents and placing them in separate detention centres was disturbingly similar to the internment of orphans of Japanese parentage at Manzanar children’s village; and Trump’s use of terms like ‘China virus’ during the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in attacks on Asian Americans. This article considers Asian American responses to these three case studies of Trump’s anti-Asian rhetoric and abuse of the history of Japanese American incarceration.
{"title":"Asian American responses to Donald Trump’s anti-Asian rhetoric and misuse of the history of Japanese American incarceration","authors":"Rachel Pistol","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1895038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1895038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 2015, Donald Trump, his administration and supporters have repeatedly abused the history of Second World War Japanese American incarceration. In contrast to preceding Presidents who recognised the miscarriage of justice authorised by Franklin Roosevelt, Trump and his administration have used this history to justify racism. All post-war presidents before Trump, regardless of political affiliation, agreed what happened under Executive Order 9066 was wrong and should never be repeated. Donald Trump and his administration have, by contrast, not only failed to condemn the incarceration but instead attempted to use test cases brought against the United States government during the war as questionable legal precedent to justify racist policies. The travel ban for those travelling to the USA from Muslim majority countries was compared to Executive Order 9066; Trump’s policy of separating migrant children from their parents and placing them in separate detention centres was disturbingly similar to the internment of orphans of Japanese parentage at Manzanar children’s village; and Trump’s use of terms like ‘China virus’ during the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in attacks on Asian Americans. This article considers Asian American responses to these three case studies of Trump’s anti-Asian rhetoric and abuse of the history of Japanese American incarceration.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117155375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14775700.2021.1892445
S. Goodwin
ABSTRACT In the wake of George Floyd’s murder, a host of Black and minority journalists are spearheading a national conversation about how racism within the news media has resulted in its failure to adequately and accurately cover the Black community and to report on racial injustice. This article puts that conversation into historical context by considering its antecedents in calls to address the news media’s whiteness problem in the mid-1960s and beyond. Focusing predominately on the television news industry and the print press, it reveals how American newsrooms appeared to lower their colour barriers but did not commit to substantive change. The article shows how the journalists of colour speaking out today inherit a struggle waged by generations before them. The biggest obstacle they faced in turning desegregation into full-blown integration, however, has not been overt white supremacist racism in American news media, but the enduring commitment of white media owners, managers, and editors to white-defined ‘objectivity’.
{"title":"Reckoning with whiteness: the limits of desegregation in America’s newsrooms from the 1960s to the present","authors":"S. Goodwin","doi":"10.1080/14775700.2021.1892445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2021.1892445","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the wake of George Floyd’s murder, a host of Black and minority journalists are spearheading a national conversation about how racism within the news media has resulted in its failure to adequately and accurately cover the Black community and to report on racial injustice. This article puts that conversation into historical context by considering its antecedents in calls to address the news media’s whiteness problem in the mid-1960s and beyond. Focusing predominately on the television news industry and the print press, it reveals how American newsrooms appeared to lower their colour barriers but did not commit to substantive change. The article shows how the journalists of colour speaking out today inherit a struggle waged by generations before them. The biggest obstacle they faced in turning desegregation into full-blown integration, however, has not been overt white supremacist racism in American news media, but the enduring commitment of white media owners, managers, and editors to white-defined ‘objectivity’.","PeriodicalId":114563,"journal":{"name":"Comparative American Studies An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126511085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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