Ecological Indicators最新文献

{"title":"Assessment and prediction of habitat risk on the Qinghai-Xizang plateau under multiple scenarios","authors":"Farui Jiang ,&nbsp;Shaofen Xu ,&nbsp;Chonghao Liu ,&nbsp;Jianan Zhao ,&nbsp;Baode Jiang ,&nbsp;Fengyan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP), the highest plateau in the world, boasts a diverse array of ecological landscapes shaped by extreme climatic conditions; however, it is currently facing significant ecological challenges. In recent years, an increase in human activities, particularly the expansion of the human footprint and grazing intensity, has significantly exacerbated the pressures on habitat risk in the region. In this context, the future habitat risk trend under different scenarios on the QXP require further investigation. To address this gap, a comprehensive multi-scenario habitat risk prediction methodology was developed to fill this gap by integrating the InVEST model, the patch-generating land use simulation model, and the multilayer perceptron model, which combined land use and land cover data with human footprint index and grazing intensity data for a thorough assessment and prediction of habitat risk. Specifically, spatiotemporal changes in habitat risk on the QXP from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, future indicators were projected, and spatiotemporal variations in habitat risk were evaluated under multiple scenarios. The findings indicate that high-risk areas experienced a significant increase of 39% in 2005; however, this was subsequently mitigated by protective measures. In the Ecological Protection scenario, high habitat risk was reduced by over 74%, while the Urban Development scenario saw an increase of 81% in high habitat risk. The alterations in habitat risks observed between 2005 and 2010 indicate that ecological conservation efforts on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau have been effective. Among the various development pathways, the Ecological Protection scenario appears to be the most viable for the QXP. Nonetheless, the central and eastern regions of the QXP may continue to face an upward trend in habitat risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112804"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial patterns of hydroecological health in the semi-arid yellow river basin: Revelations from machine learning models","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Xia ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Ruining Jia ,&nbsp;Ying Wei ,&nbsp;Cao Yan ,&nbsp;Lina Li ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecosystem of semi-arid watersheds is influenced by a combination of natural climate factors, rainfall, and habitat destruction, resulting in complex mechanisms of spatial differentiation and evolution of water ecological health. Indicator selection in mainstream water ecological health assessment methods, such as the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), often relies on subjective reference point choices. This approach tends to overlook the comprehensive impacts and interactions among various environmental stressors. For watersheds significantly influenced by natural climatic factors, considerable uncertainties arise, leading to a lack of scientific justification for establishing water ecological health protection goals. In this study, the nonlinear capabilities of the random forest (RF) model were applied to reduce subjectivity in traditional water ecological health assessments and to more accurately reveal the emerging spatial differentiation patterns and underlying causes of water ecological health in the Wei River Basin (WRB), the largest typical semi-arid watershed of the Yellow River in China. Our findings indicate: (1) Traditional evaluation indices indicate that the overall water ecological health of the WRB is classified as sub-healthy (60 %). The core indicators include dominant species, total algal density, and the percentage of diatom density, with no significant spatial differentiation observed. (2) An improved water ecological health assessment method for semi-arid watersheds, based on the RF model, has been developed to replace traditional subjective judgment steps. This method establishes a complex multi-input–output response relationship (R²&gt;0.85) between environmental stress indicators and the biological integrity index for the WRB. (3) The model results identify key driving factors affecting changes in water ecological health in semi-arid watersheds, with the sensitivity of the new model increasing nearly 11-fold compared to traditional IBI methods. (4) Following improvements, the water ecological health characteristics of the WRB exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity, with a higher dispersion coefficient (1.21), and demonstrate enhanced nonlinear response trends to climatic factors. The application of machine learning models indicates that traditional methods may underestimate the extent of ecological health degradation in watersheds and tend to oversimplify spatial heterogeneity characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112799"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic land management for ecosystem Sustainability: Scenario insights from the Northeast black soil region","authors":"Yufei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Bian ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo ,&nbsp;Chuqiao Wang ,&nbsp;Deyang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-environment interactions in agroecosystems are frequently mirrored by land-use changes. Clarifying the conflict between land use and ecological health in agricultural production regions is essential for achieving sustainable agricultural development and maintaining ecosystem services. Therefore, we chose the Northeast Black Soil Zone, a major grain producing area, to explore the impacts of land use change on ecosystem services from 2000 to 2030. The results show that: During the 30-year period, 1) Under any of the simulated scenarios, the level of ecosystem services in the NBSR tends to increase overall. 2) Rapid conversion between land use types and reduction of forest land area lead to weakening of synergies and increasing of trade-offs among ecosystem services. 3) Conversion and intensity of land use types significantly impacted on the level of ecosystem services under different scenarios (p &lt; 0.05); the transfer out of built-up land (0.1249) and the transfer in of water area (0.1153) contributed more to the ESI. 4) The land use pattern under the sustainable development policy (SD scenario), which emphasizes ecological land conservation, effectively enhances ecosystem service levels. The results offer critical insights for future land-use planning and sustainable ecosystem management contributing to balance regional food security with ecological conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112784"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological footprint and carrying capacity of agricultural water-land-energy nexus in China","authors":"Xiaolei Ma ,&nbsp;Hongxian Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture is the largest water and land using sector in China. From the perspective of energy utilization, agriculture serves both as a carbon source and a carbon sink sector. This paper employs the methods of agricultural water pollution ecological footprint and carrying capacity, biology ecological footprint and carrying capacity, as well as energy ecological footprint and carrying capacity to measure the spatio-temporal patterns of resource utilization and ecological pressure index of agricultural water-land-energy in china. The main conclusions are: (1) In 2020, China’s agricultural biological ecological footprint (BEF) was the highest, constituting nearly 66 % of the total and demonstrating an upward trend. The agricultural water pollution ecological footprint (PEF) was also significant, at approximately 33 %, but it exhibited a declining trend. In contrast, the agricultural energy ecological footprint (EEF) was the lowest. (2) Over the past 20 years, the per capita agricultural total ecological footprint (TEF) increased by 114.63 %. The per unit area agricultural ecological footprint changed slightly, ranging from 3.16 to 3.63 hm². The ecological efficiency of agricultural economy had been greatly improved. (3) The TEF in Henan, Heilongjiang and Shandong provinces ranked among the highest level in China. However, the regions with the highest level of agricultural total ecological capacity (TEC) were Sichuan, Tibet and Hunan. (4) Tianjin and Henan provinces experience the highest agricultural ecological stress, with stress indices (TEF/TEC) reaching 1.42 and 1.14, respectively, indicating that the supply of agricultural ecological resources within these regions significantly lags behind their exploitation and utilization, which is unfavorable for the agricultural sustainable development. The results can unveil the temporal and spatial dynamics of agricultural resource pressure along with its underlying causes, while also offering strategies and recommendations for fostering sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112786"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping human health risks from ecosystems (EHRs) based on vegetation census data","authors":"Chengji Shu ,&nbsp;Wengbo Cai ,&nbsp;Manlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenyang Guo ,&nbsp;Li Lin ,&nbsp;Zhiyun Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem benefits and services assessments are widely used in the current urban ecological management strategies to enhance benefits of ecosystems to urban residents, but ecosystems are not benign entities that exist solely for human benefit. Plagues, diseases, and other ecosystem-generated health risks (EHRs) have caused huge losses of life and property. In promoting systematic and comprehensive urban development and the quality of life for residents, Risk reduction for EHRs cannot be ignored. As existing studies of EHRs mapping remain relatively few. This paper proposed a mapping method based on vegetation census data for two EHRs: human-bat contact infection risk <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and human-pollen contact sensitization risk <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Results showed that: (1) The bat distribution risk <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and the pollen sensitizing plant distribution risk (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ROSD</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>mean</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) were higher in woodlands and areas around reservoirs where habitat conditions are better across the city. (2) The areas with higher <span><math><mrow><mi>HBCIR</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>HPCSR</mi></mrow></math></span> were mainly located in the central and western parts of Shenzhen, especially in the surrounding densely populated areas with better habitat conditions. <span><span>(3)</span></span> All streets differed significantly from each other in <span><math><mrow><mi>HBCIR</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>HPCSR</mi></mrow></math></span> distribution characteristics, three streets, Huafu, Meilin and Donghu, had higher risk values. The results can provide guidance to policymaker in their work on biodiversity conservation, health risk control, and tree species application. Additionally, the methodology adopted in this study may inspire future researches on the spatialization of other EHRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112790"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality and pollution source apportionment responses to rainfall in steppe lake estuaries: A case study of Hulun Lake in northern China","authors":"Bingtao Hu ,&nbsp;Yuhong Liu ,&nbsp;Yixue Chen ,&nbsp;Yipeng Yao ,&nbsp;Haiying Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hulun Lake, the largest inland steppe lake in China, is encountering severe water quality degradation. Estuaries play important roles in material and energetic exchange between rivers and lakes. The water quality at the estuaries of Hulun Lake directly reflects the impact of both human activities and natural factors on the lake’s overall water quality, especially during rainfall events. From July 28, 2021, to August 4, 2021, water samples from 62 sites were collected in the three estuaries of Hulun Lake before and after a moderate rainfall event. 13 water parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), Turbidity (Tur), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Organic Nitrogen (TON), and Total Organic Phosphorus (TOP) were measured. The spatio-temporal distribution of water quality in the estuaries was assessed based on water quality index (WQI). Besides, an improved approach integrating stepwise linear regression (SLR) and principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to construct a WQI_min model for an effective assessment of water quality in these estuaries. Furthermore, the absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model was employed to identify and quantify the environmental drivers underlying the water quality in the estuaries. The results of WQI indicated that the water quality of the sites in the estuaries of Hulun Lake was “medium” or “poor”, both before and after the rainfall, with a general deterioration in water quality in response to the rainfall. The simplified WQI_min model consisted of 5 crucial parameters (i.e., TN, TP, ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), Tur, and permanganate index (COD_Mn)), and it performed well without parameter weights. Spatial differences in some water parameters among the estuaries were detected, which were attributed to the natural factors and human activities upstream. The principal environmental factors affecting the water quality in the estuaries consisted of hydrodynamic processes, internal phosphorus release, external phosphorus input, external nitrogen input, nitrification in the estuaries, and external organic input and internal organic release. Therefore, we propose basin management strategies such as limiting grazing pressure, adopting enclosed pasture, wetland restoration, optimizing water renewal cycle in Hulun Lake, and transboundary water quality management to tackle water contamination in Hulun Lake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112791"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of comprehensive land consolidation on spatial reconstruction of rural production, living, and ecological spaces","authors":"Pengfei Gao ,&nbsp;Chaoxian Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Guixin Xin ,&nbsp;Rongrong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China’s long-standing dual-track institutions, which differentiate between urban and rural areas, have prioritized urban development, exacerbating the urban–rural divide and contributing to the ongoing decline of rural regions. In response, the “Comprehensive Land Consolidation”(CLC) policy has garnered significant attention from both academics and policymakers. However, there is an urgent need to assess the effectiveness of CLC in revitalizing rural areas. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of CLC on the reconstruction of rural spaces, including production, living, and ecological spaces (PLES). We examined CLC’s role in shaping rural spaces by developing an evaluation index system and employing the TOPSIS method along with obstacle degree models to measure its effects. Our findings reveal that CLC’s impact on rural spatial reconstruction in Chongqing is D3 (good) and varies across regions. The reconstruction of production and living spaces is more pronounced in metropolitan areas compared to rural-dominated regions in the northeast and southeast. Conversely, the effect on ecological spaces is slightly greater in remote areas than in metropolitan areas. The primary obstacle to effective reconstruction is the vitality of production spaces, though the factors influencing reconstruction differ across regions. Therefore, different regions should adopt differentiated CLC strategies. The main urban area should focus on ecological spatial governance and agricultural modernization infrastructure; the northeastern region should strengthen public service infrastructure and improve production and living pollution treatment facilities; and the southeastern region should moderately concentrate the population and improve the efficiency of services, as well as protect and excavate the cultures of ethnic minorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112785"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial multi-criteria analysis based on food web model results: application to a marine conservation area","authors":"E. Donati ,&nbsp;M. Ponti ,&nbsp;E. Turicchia ,&nbsp;L. Airoldi ,&nbsp;M. Mazzotta ,&nbsp;J. Bernardi ,&nbsp;F. Calì ,&nbsp;C. Mazzoldi ,&nbsp;E. Russo ,&nbsp;F. Pranovi ,&nbsp;F. Fabbri ,&nbsp;D. Brigolin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective marine management requires balancing conservation and sustainable use of resources. Food web models are useful for simulating direct and indirect effects of management scenarios on ecosystem functioning by using multiple indicators. However, a key challenge is consolidating these indicators into a single, comprehensive, measure, which is often required to guide management decisions, such as in Strategic Environmental Assessment. This study applies spatial multi-criteria analysis to food web model outputs to develop a single index for different marine management applications. We applied this framework to the case of the “Tegnùe di Chioggia”, a Special Area of Conservation (SAC; IT3250047) under the Natura 2000 European network, located in the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). This area, characterised by the presence of biogenic rocky outcrops, currently lacks a formal management plan. Using the Ecospace module of the Ecopath with Ecosim software, we simulated three management scenarios: 1) SAC expansion; 2) winter artisanal fishing in the SAC; 3) a combination of both. In line with ecosystem-based management, we focused on economically important trophic groups in the region, such as the Mediterranean mussel, <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis,</em> and striped venus clam, <em>Chamelea gallina</em>, which are present near the SAC. We also considered the efforts of the local fishing fleets. Ecosystem structure and functioning indicators, generated by the spatial food-web model, were linked to three criteria aligned with the management priorities of the area: nature conservation, aquaculture productivity, and fishing productivity. These criteria were aggregated into a final score to compare the management scenarios. The results showed that none of the scenarios would significantly alter community composition or ecosystem functioning compared to the current situation. However, they did show contrasting responses in the food web model. The SAC expansion scenario notably increased total biomass and commercial fish biomass, especially pectinids and cephalopods. The fishing scenario had a minimal impact on trophic groups. Ecosystem resilience and structure indicators were less sensitive to management scenarios than biomass indicators. However, the multi-criteria analysis revealed that the fishing scenario limited the benefits of expanding the SAC, due to reduced catches. The final score effectively ranked proposed scenarios, highlighting key indicators that influenced these variations. The proposed approach shows potential for supporting participatory modelling and engaging stakeholders in developing management scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112776"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic conservation strategies for protected areas of Fujian Province: From integrated perspective of the adaptability of habitat and carbon storage to climate","authors":"Aifang Weng ,&nbsp;Qunyue Liu ,&nbsp;Yuying Lin ,&nbsp;Mir Muhammad Nizamani ,&nbsp;Linsheng Wen ,&nbsp;Yunrui Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongxin Wang ,&nbsp;Baoyin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional protected areas (PAs) with fixed boundaries are insufficient in the face of global climate change, undermining biodiversity conservation and climate impact mitigation. Fujian Province, a biodiversity hotspot in China, requires dynamic conservation strategies to maintain habitat quality (HQ) and carbon storage (CS). This research introduces a novel framework that integrates land-use simulation and ecosystem service valuation models to address conservation challenges under varying climate scenarios. We employ the System Dynamics (SD), the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to explore how future climate scenarios might alter land use, HQ, and CS, and determines the conservation priorities for Fujian Province by 2050 based on HQ, CS capacity, and a future vision for protection. Findings indicate: (1) Under SSP1-2.6, Fujian Province exhibits an increased demand for forests, grasslands, and water resources, while SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 predict an elevated demand for urban land, extending into inland areas. (2) In SSP1-2.6, HQ and CS are expected to improve, with average HQ projected to rise to 0.71 and CS to 15.63 Mg/ha by 2050. Conversely, under SSP5-8.5, HQ is anticipated to decline to 0.66, and CS to 15.14 Mg/ha. SSP2-4.5 shows moderate levels, with slight decreases in HQ to 0.69 and CS to 15.34 Mg/ha due to moderate urban expansion. Nature reserves demonstrate the highest potential, while national parks remain stable and ocean parks perform poorly. (3) Hotspots are primarily located in the western Wuyishan and central Daiyun mountain ranges. Conservation targets are recommended at 15 %, 30 %, and 43 % of Fujian Province’s area for 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. This research provides a framework for enhancing protected areas, empowering governments to advance biodiversity conservation and achieve carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112773"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses and driving force analysis of typical arbor and shrub sap flow to patterns of rainfall in semi-arid areas","authors":"Tianyu Jia ,&nbsp;Tingxi Liu ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Bao ,&nbsp;Limin Duan ,&nbsp;Xin Tong ,&nbsp;Yiran Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuo Lun ,&nbsp;Simin Zhang ,&nbsp;Asaad Y. Shamseldin ,&nbsp;Kilisimasi Latu ,&nbsp;Vijay P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding plant transpiration responses to rainfall in semi-arid regions is vital for grasping climate change impacts on ecohydrological processes. This study categorized 105 rainfall events in Horqin Sandy Land (2018–2019) into three types: Category I (short-term, light rain), Category II (short-term, heavy rain), and Category III (long-term, moderate rain). It focused on <em>Caragana microphylla Lam</em>. (a sand-fixing shrub) and <em>Populus L.</em> (arbors), analyzing sap flow (SF), photosynthesis, and meteorological data. SF rates in both species were primarily influenced by net solar radiation (Rn), air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (P &lt; 0.05). The analysis indicated that potential evapotranspiration (PET) can be used as a composite influencing factor to explain the changes in SF. The results showed that under different rainfall types, the changing trends of SF and PET of <em>Populus L.</em> were generally consistent, However, as rainfall intensity increased, the effect of PET on SF of <em>Populus L.</em> weakened. Conversely, the effect of PET on the SF rate of <em>Caragana microphylla Lam</em>. increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. Notably, whether the SWC at the two test sites is effectively recharged or oversaturated due to rainfall is also an important factor affecting SF. Specifically, the SF of <em>Caragana microphylla Lam</em>. is generally affected by the combined effects of PET and stomatal conductance (Gs); when SWC is less than the field capacity, the inhibitory effect of Gs is obvious; when SWC exceeds field capacity, the inhibitory effect of Gs is significantly reduced, and the SF of <em>Caragana microphylla Lam</em>. is mainly controlled by PET. In contrast, as the SF of <em>Populus L.</em> increases from the field capacity to the saturated water holding capacity of SWC, the influence of PET on the SF of <em>Populus L.</em> weakens, and the influence of Gs on SF becomes more prominent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 112803"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}