Pub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112864
Gianluca Gucciardi , Tommaso Luzzati
The concept of planetary boundaries (Rockström et al., 2009) and the need for social minima were integrated by Raworth (2012, 2017) into a ’doughnut-shaped’ framework, representing a ’safe and just space’ for humanity. Empirical assessments have revealed that no country currently falls within this ’doughnut’. However, to what extent do the results depend on the methodological assumptions, and could a less stringent metric, allowing trade-offs between indicators, improve these outcomes? Preserving the core of Raworth’s theoretical framework, we address these questions by constructing two separate sets of composite indicators for the social and environmental dimensions. Following an uncertainty-based approach, we obtain the two sets by combining alternative normalisation, weighting, and aggregation techniques. This approach yields a new, easily communicable, and robust metric for the ‘safe and just space’. Our analysis strengthens previous findings, showing that even with less stringent criteria, no country currently falls within the doughnut, underscoring the substantial gap to be addressed in both social and environmental policies.
{"title":"Living in the ‘doughnut’: Reconsidering the boundaries via composite indicators","authors":"Gianluca Gucciardi , Tommaso Luzzati","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of planetary boundaries (Rockström et al., 2009) and the need for social minima were integrated by Raworth (2012, 2017) into a ’doughnut-shaped’ framework, representing a ’safe and just space’ for humanity. Empirical assessments have revealed that no country currently falls within this ’doughnut’. However, to what extent do the results depend on the methodological assumptions, and could a less stringent metric, allowing trade-offs between indicators, improve these outcomes? Preserving the core of Raworth’s theoretical framework, we address these questions by constructing two separate sets of composite indicators for the social and environmental dimensions. Following an uncertainty-based approach, we obtain the two sets by combining alternative normalisation, weighting, and aggregation techniques. This approach yields a new, easily communicable, and robust metric for the ‘safe and just space’. Our analysis strengthens previous findings, showing that even with less stringent criteria, no country currently falls within the doughnut, underscoring the substantial gap to be addressed in both social and environmental policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112864"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112873
Weijiao Wang , Lin Zhang , Hongquan Song , Pengfei Liu , Feng Wang
Understanding the mechanisms behind tropospheric ozone pollution formation is crucial for developing precise pollution prevention and control policies. However, the contribution of different sectors to ozone generation has not been thoroughly elucidated. Utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), this study simulated the spatiotemporal variations of ozone concentrations in Henan Province of China under different sectoral emission reduction scenarios. We also quantified the contribution of different sectors to ozone concentrations. Significant spatiotemporal disparities were observed in annual ozone concentrations across different scenarios. Higher ozone concentrations in scenarios where emissions were zeroed out from the industrial, power, and residential sectors were concentrated in the southwestern region of Henan province, while lower ozone concentrations were concentrated in the northeastern region. Conversely, higher ozone concentrations in the transportation sector zero-out scenario were concentrated in the northwestern region. Overall, ozone concentrations peaked at 50 ppb in summer, followed by spring (20 ppb) and autumn (21 ppb), with the lowest concentrations of 11 ppb observed in winter. The power sector was found to contribute the most to yearly ozone concentrations was about −12 to 9 ppb, followed by the residential sector, while the transportation and industrial sectors made the least contributions. Seasonal contributions to ozone concentrations from the industrial, power, and residential sectors were primarily observed in spring, followed by summer, whereas the transportation sector’s contribution was mainly concentrated in summer.
{"title":"Contribution of the anthropogenic precursor emission from multiple sectors to the tropospheric ozone concentrations: A case study in Henan Province, China","authors":"Weijiao Wang , Lin Zhang , Hongquan Song , Pengfei Liu , Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms behind tropospheric ozone pollution formation is crucial for developing precise pollution prevention and control policies. However, the contribution of different sectors to ozone generation has not been thoroughly elucidated. Utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), this study simulated the spatiotemporal variations of ozone concentrations in Henan Province of China under different sectoral emission reduction scenarios. We also quantified the contribution of different sectors to ozone concentrations. Significant spatiotemporal disparities were observed in annual ozone concentrations across different scenarios. Higher ozone concentrations in scenarios where emissions were zeroed out from the industrial, power, and residential sectors were concentrated in the southwestern region of Henan province, while lower ozone concentrations were concentrated in the northeastern region. Conversely, higher ozone concentrations in the transportation sector zero-out scenario were concentrated in the northwestern region. Overall, ozone concentrations peaked at 50 ppb in summer, followed by spring (20 ppb) and autumn (21 ppb), with the lowest concentrations of 11 ppb observed in winter. The power sector was found to contribute the most to yearly ozone concentrations was about −12 to 9 ppb, followed by the residential sector, while the transportation and industrial sectors made the least contributions. Seasonal contributions to ozone concentrations from the industrial, power, and residential sectors were primarily observed in spring, followed by summer, whereas the transportation sector’s contribution was mainly concentrated in summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112873"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amid global warming and intensified human activities, the carbon sequestration (CS) capacity of terrestrial ecosystems faces significant pressure. Ecological Water Conveyance (EWC) projects, by altering land use patterns, have become a key approach to addressing this issue. Therefore, the critical question this study aims to solve is how to enhance regional CS by optimizing EWC measures, based on understanding the relationship between land use changes and CS. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that couples the PLUS-InVEST-OPGD models, adopting a ’past-future’ perspective to explore the relationship between CS and land use changes in the context of EWC. The study found that during the historical period (2000–2020), CS in the Tarim River (TR) area exhibited a pattern of ’ first increasing, then stabilizing.’ Between 2000 and 2010, the total CS increased by 3.5 × 10^6 Mg, accompanied by an expansion of forested areas along the riverbanks and within national parks. However, from 2010 to 2020, the total CS increased by only 0.3 × 10^6 Mg, with forested areas along the riverbanks and within national parks remaining relatively stable. Under three future development scenarios—Natural Increase (NIS), Farmland Protection (FPS), and Ecological Protection (EPS)—CS differences between NIS and FPS are minimal at 0.01 × 10^6 Mg, as both continue existing EWC policies without optimization, with NIS following natural growth and FPS prioritizing farmland preservation. In contrast, the EPS, which introduces optimized EWC strategies to limit urban expansion and enhance ecological sustainability, results in a significant CS increase of approximately 1.1 × 10^6 Mg, with farmland areas also expanding. Through single factor and interactive detection analyses, we found that potential evapotranspiration and annual average groundwater depth play crucial roles in vegetation restoration in arid regions, as EWC helps maintain groundwater levels, reducing plant water stress and supporting vegetation growth, while managing evapotranspiration ensures that the water provided through EWC is efficiently utilized for ecosystem recovery and CS. Under the current EWC model and prevailing climate and human activity conditions, the CS capacity of ecosystems appears to stabilize. To further enhance the region’s CS potential, optimizing EWC strategies is essential. It is recommended to construct a ’surface’ water conveyance network through engineering measures, in addition to the existing ’linear conveyance’ model, to improve water resource utilization efficiency. The findings of this study offer valuable insights not only for the TR region but also for other arid inland river basins worldwide, providing a replicable framework for ecological restoration and water management.
{"title":"Changes in ecosystem carbon sequestration and influencing factors from a ’Past-Future’ perspective: A case study of the Tarim River","authors":"Jia Xu , Ayong Jiao , Mingjiang Deng , Hongbo Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid global warming and intensified human activities, the carbon sequestration (CS) capacity of terrestrial ecosystems faces significant pressure. Ecological Water Conveyance (EWC) projects, by altering land use patterns, have become a key approach to addressing this issue. Therefore, the critical question this study aims to solve is how to enhance regional CS by optimizing EWC measures, based on understanding the relationship between land use changes and CS. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that couples the PLUS-InVEST-OPGD models, adopting a ’past-future’ perspective to explore the relationship between CS and land use changes in the context of EWC. The study found that during the historical period (2000–2020), CS in the Tarim River (TR) area exhibited a pattern of ’ first increasing, then stabilizing.’ Between 2000 and 2010, the total CS increased by 3.5 × 10^6 Mg, accompanied by an expansion of forested areas along the riverbanks and within national parks. However, from 2010 to 2020, the total CS increased by only 0.3 × 10^6 Mg, with forested areas along the riverbanks and within national parks remaining relatively stable. Under three future development scenarios—Natural Increase (NIS), Farmland Protection (FPS), and Ecological Protection (EPS)—CS differences between NIS and FPS are minimal at 0.01 × 10^6 Mg, as both continue existing EWC policies without optimization, with NIS following natural growth and FPS prioritizing farmland preservation. In contrast, the EPS, which introduces optimized EWC strategies to limit urban expansion and enhance ecological sustainability, results in a significant CS increase of approximately 1.1 × 10^6 Mg, with farmland areas also expanding. Through single factor and interactive detection analyses, we found that potential evapotranspiration and annual average groundwater depth play crucial roles in vegetation restoration in arid regions, as EWC helps maintain groundwater levels, reducing plant water stress and supporting vegetation growth, while managing evapotranspiration ensures that the water provided through EWC is efficiently utilized for ecosystem recovery and CS. Under the current EWC model and prevailing climate and human activity conditions, the CS capacity of ecosystems appears to stabilize. To further enhance the region’s CS potential, optimizing EWC strategies is essential. It is recommended to construct a ’surface’ water conveyance network through engineering measures, in addition to the existing ’linear conveyance’ model, to improve water resource utilization efficiency. The findings of this study offer valuable insights not only for the TR region but also for other arid inland river basins worldwide, providing a replicable framework for ecological restoration and water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112861"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112858
Weibo Ma , Haidong Li , Shaogang Lei , Zhaomin Tong , Nannan Wang
High-intensity coal mining damages land cover and ecosystems, causing land use spatial conflicts and blockage of ecological connectivity. The optimal allocation of land resource spatial layout is an effective way to alleviate land use conflicts and enhance ecological connectivity. This study designed a patch-level index for evaluating land use conflicts of “production-living-ecology” space and constructed a weighted roulette wheel mechanism to guide the biomimetic intelligent optimization model in improving the connectivity between the research area and surrounding ecosystems. A case study of typical urban mining areas showed that (1) the index can effectively characterize the spatial conflicts from complexity, vulnerability, and competitiveness and serve as an optimization objective to alleviate conflicts in land use allocation; (2) barrier spots and ecological pinch points were identified to provide a reference for the model in discovering potential areas that can be supplemented as ecological sources and corridors; (3) with only 0.7% grid adjustment, land use conflict was reduced by 4.9% and all other objectives were improved. Findings provide theoretical and methodological framework supports for characterizing and optimizing the spatial conflicts and ecological connectivity in resource-based cities, which can guide the sustainability of urban development, resource exploitation, and ecosystem protection.
{"title":"A novelty modeling approach to eliminate spatial conflicts and ecological barriers in mining areas of a resource-based city","authors":"Weibo Ma , Haidong Li , Shaogang Lei , Zhaomin Tong , Nannan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-intensity coal mining damages land cover and ecosystems, causing land use spatial conflicts and blockage of ecological connectivity. The optimal allocation of land resource spatial layout is an effective way to alleviate land use conflicts and enhance ecological connectivity. This study designed a patch-level index for evaluating land use conflicts of “production-living-ecology” space and constructed a weighted roulette wheel mechanism to guide the biomimetic intelligent optimization model in improving the connectivity between the research area and surrounding ecosystems. A case study of typical urban mining areas showed that (1) the index can effectively characterize the spatial conflicts from complexity, vulnerability, and competitiveness and serve as an optimization objective to alleviate conflicts in land use allocation; (2) barrier spots and ecological pinch points were identified to provide a reference for the model in discovering potential areas that can be supplemented as ecological sources and corridors; (3) with only 0.7% grid adjustment, land use conflict was reduced by 4.9% and all other objectives were improved. Findings provide theoretical and methodological framework supports for characterizing and optimizing the spatial conflicts and ecological connectivity in resource-based cities, which can guide the sustainability of urban development, resource exploitation, and ecosystem protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112858"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112880
Simin Bao , Jani Heino , Hao Xiong , Jun Wang
Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems usually interact and produce synergistic, antagonistic, reversal or additive effects on organisms. However, the understanding of the interactive types of stressors on macroinvertebrate assemblages is still limited. We synthesized 1,087 experimental treatment–control observations extracted from 32 publications to quantify the individual and combined effects of 14 stressors on macroinvertebrates (abundance and richness) and to determine the effect types of paired-stressor interaction. We find that multiple stressors acted mostly through additive effects (84.85%) on freshwater macroinvertebrates. Among the non-additive interactions, antagonistic (7.18%) and reversal (6.41%) effects were more common, while synergistic effects were relatively rare (1.55%). Notably, these interactions often occurred in EPT taxa, with synergistic interactions between increases in fine sediment and temperature often occurring for EPT richness. Additionally, antagonistic and reversal effects were commonly observed between fine sediment increase and either flow decrease or nutrient increase. Our study provides a quantitative basis for accounting for the effect types of multiple stressors in freshwater macroinvertebrate-based biodiversity assessment and ecosystem management. Our study also highlights the consideration should be given to the variability in interactions resulting from different combinations of stressors and emphasizes how realized effects may differ among taxonomic groups.
{"title":"Disentangling the effects of multiple stressors on freshwater macroinvertebrates: A quantitative analysis of experimental studies","authors":"Simin Bao , Jani Heino , Hao Xiong , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems usually interact and produce synergistic, antagonistic, reversal or additive effects on organisms. However, the understanding of the interactive types of stressors on macroinvertebrate assemblages is still limited. We synthesized 1,087 experimental treatment–control observations extracted from 32 publications to quantify the individual and combined effects of 14 stressors on macroinvertebrates (abundance and richness) and to determine the effect types of paired-stressor interaction. We find that multiple stressors acted mostly through additive effects (84.85%) on freshwater macroinvertebrates. Among the non-additive interactions, antagonistic (7.18%) and reversal (6.41%) effects were more common, while synergistic effects were relatively rare (1.55%). Notably, these interactions often occurred in EPT taxa, with synergistic interactions between increases in fine sediment and temperature often occurring for EPT richness. Additionally, antagonistic and reversal effects were commonly observed between fine sediment increase and either flow decrease or nutrient increase. Our study provides a quantitative basis for accounting for the effect types of multiple stressors in freshwater macroinvertebrate-based biodiversity assessment and ecosystem management. Our study also highlights the consideration should be given to the variability in interactions resulting from different combinations of stressors and emphasizes how realized effects may differ among taxonomic groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112872
Zhaomin Chen , Daniel Pauly , Tayler M. Clarke , Cui Liang , Weiwei Xian , William W.L. Cheung
Temperature and oxygen are fundamental environmental factors shaping community structure and are major climatic stressors for marine species globally, interacting with physiological traits of species to establish marine habitats. Periodic seasonal fluctuations in temperature and oxygen significantly influence the composition of community structures and biogeographic habitat viability. This study utilized two community-based indices, the Aerobic Growth Index of the Community (AGIC) and the Mean Oxygen Demand of the Community (MODC), to understand the roles of temperature and oxygen in shaping the community structure of benthic fish and invertebrates during the spring and autumn in the Yangtze Estuary and quantified habitat viability across different seasonal and spatial regions. We observed pronounced seasonal differences in the environmental and community structures of the Yangtze Estuary, though variations in habitat viability across seasons were minimal. Autumn communities demonstrated lower vulnerability and higher resilience to hypoxia. Despite this, from 2004 to 2022, the annual fluctuations in temperature, oxygen levels, and habitat viability were minimal, maintaining high levels overall, except in the spring of 2004. Additionally, influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current, the southern region of the Yangtze Estuary exhibited lower habitat viability compared to the northern region. Although AGIC and MODC, as two new ecological indicators, are limited by some uncertainties, it can still provide guidance for future conservation of estuarine ecosystems and sustainable utilization of fishery resources under the ongoing global oxygen crisis.
{"title":"The spatiotemporal changes in fish and invertebrate community structure and habitat viability in the Yangtze Estuary","authors":"Zhaomin Chen , Daniel Pauly , Tayler M. Clarke , Cui Liang , Weiwei Xian , William W.L. Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature and oxygen are fundamental environmental factors shaping community structure and are major climatic stressors for marine species globally, interacting with physiological traits of species to establish marine habitats. Periodic seasonal fluctuations in temperature and oxygen significantly influence the composition of community structures and biogeographic habitat viability. This study utilized two community-based indices, the Aerobic Growth Index of the Community (AGIC) and the Mean Oxygen Demand of the Community (MODC), to understand the roles of temperature and oxygen in shaping the community structure of benthic fish and invertebrates during the spring and autumn in the Yangtze Estuary and quantified habitat viability across different seasonal and spatial regions. We observed pronounced seasonal differences in the environmental and community structures of the Yangtze Estuary, though variations in habitat viability across seasons were minimal. Autumn communities demonstrated lower vulnerability and higher resilience to hypoxia. Despite this, from 2004 to 2022, the annual fluctuations in temperature, oxygen levels, and habitat viability were minimal, maintaining high levels overall, except in the spring of 2004. Additionally, influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current, the southern region of the Yangtze Estuary exhibited lower habitat viability compared to the northern region. Although AGIC and MODC, as two new ecological indicators, are limited by some uncertainties, it can still provide guidance for future conservation of estuarine ecosystems and sustainable utilization of fishery resources under the ongoing global oxygen crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112872"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112871
Aleksandra Renc, Ewa Łupikasza
The surface heat island (SHI), manifesting itself by increased surface temperatures in the city compared to the surrounding areas, is a dynamic phenomenon during the year. The study aims to recognise seasonal variability in the SHI structure (extent and composition of land cover type), and define an effective contribution and potential capability of particular land cover types for SHI development in a polycentric agglomeration based on LANDSAT satellite images. For the first time, the SHI structure was investigated separately in the urban and non-urban areas and the permanent and seasonally specific SHIs were delineated. Seasonal variability was a significant feature of SHI structure, particularly in its non-urban part, which was driven mainly by the vegetation annual cycle and altitude-dependent snow cover distribution in winter. In the majority of seasons, the intense urban SHI was conventionally compacted in the central most urbanized part of the metropolis, and its area was changing in a pulse-wise manner throughout the year from the maximum in summer to the minimum in autumn. The extent of permanent urban SHI indicating areas risky for human health was larger than the extent of seasonally specific urban SHIs. It covered 3% of GZM and was mostly composed of industrial and commercial units. Permanent non-urban SHI was scattered throughout the GZM without any clear pattern and covered only 0.4% of the entire GZM, and 75% of its area was covered by non-irrigated arable land and pastures. The identification of the surface types with permanent and seasonally variable ability to form SHI is helpful in planning urban spaces and adapting existing cities to contemporary climate changes.
地表热岛（SHI）表现为城市地表温度较周边地区升高，是一种全年动态现象。本研究旨在认识 SHI 结构（土地覆被类型的范围和组成）的季节性变化，并根据 LANDSAT 卫星图像确定特定土地覆被类型对多中心集聚区 SHI 发展的有效贡献和潜在能力。该研究首次分别调查了城市和非城市地区的 SHI 结构，并划分了永久性和季节性 SHI。季节变化是 SHI 结构的一个显著特点，尤其是在非城市地区，这主要是由植被年周期和冬季海拔高度相关的积雪分布驱动的。在大多数季节，强烈的城市 SHI 通常集中在大都市最中心的城市化地区，其面积全年呈脉冲式变化，从夏季的最大值到秋季的最小值。表明人类健康风险区域的永久性城市 SHI 的范围大于季节性城市 SHI 的范围。它覆盖了 3% 的广州市区，主要由工业和商业单位组成。永久性非城市 SHI 散布在整个 GZM 中，没有明显的模式，仅占整个 GZM 的 0.4%，其 75% 的面积被非灌溉耕地和牧场覆盖。确定具有永久性和季节性变化能力的地表类型以形成 SHI，有助于规划城市空间和使现有城市适应当代气候变化。
{"title":"Permanent and seasonally specific surface heat island structure in urban and non-urban areas in mid-latitude polycentric agglomeration based on Landsat images","authors":"Aleksandra Renc, Ewa Łupikasza","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface heat island (SHI), manifesting itself by increased surface temperatures in the city compared to the surrounding areas, is a dynamic phenomenon during the year. The study aims to recognise seasonal variability in the SHI structure (extent and composition of land cover type), and define an effective contribution and potential capability of particular land cover types for SHI development in a polycentric agglomeration based on LANDSAT satellite images. For the first time, the SHI structure was investigated separately in the urban and non-urban areas and the permanent and seasonally specific SHIs were delineated. Seasonal variability was a significant feature of SHI structure, particularly in its non-urban part, which was driven mainly by the vegetation annual cycle and altitude-dependent snow cover distribution in winter. In the majority of seasons, the intense urban SHI was conventionally compacted in the central most urbanized part of the metropolis, and its area was changing in a pulse-wise manner throughout the year from the maximum in summer to the minimum in autumn. The extent of permanent urban SHI indicating areas risky for human health was larger than the extent of seasonally specific urban SHIs. It covered 3% of GZM and was mostly composed of industrial and commercial units. Permanent non-urban SHI was scattered throughout the GZM without any clear pattern and covered only 0.4% of the entire GZM, and 75% of its area was covered by non-irrigated arable land and pastures. The identification of the surface types with permanent and seasonally variable ability to form SHI is helpful in planning urban spaces and adapting existing cities to contemporary climate changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112871"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112816
Xi Wang , Xiaomei Li , Jinming Sha , Hao Zhang , Eshetu Shifaw , Xulin Guo , Shuhui Lai , Jinliang Wang
<div><div>Rapid industrialization and urbanization have significantly changed urban spatial patterns, resulting in the urban ecosystem degradation and urban spatial conflicts. The challenge requires the urban spatial planning more sophisticated for developing eco-city models in the perspective of urban land multifunctionality. The Production-Living-Ecological(PLE) spatial pattern is proposed for effective eco-city planning in Chinese urban cases. Given the differing climatic and cultural contexts, are the PLE spatial patterns comparable between cities from different continents? This study aims to compare the characteristics of PLE spatial patterns and the trade-offs & synergies of PLE spaces between Fuzhou city, China and Saskatoon, Canada for developing the eco-city models. First, the paper identified the PLE spaces by integrating multi-source data, then analyzed the PLE spatial agglomeration characteristics by using the average nearest neighbor and kernel density analysis, finally detected the trade-offs and synergies between functional spaces by Spearman correlation and bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The results showed the distinctly different PLE spatial patterns and the trade-offs & synergies of PLE spaces between the two eco-cities in Fuzhou, China and Saskatoon, Canada in 2022. (1) For the PLE space composition, the percentages of ecological space in Fuzhou and Saskatoon were 64.6% and 36.4%, respectively, while the proportions of the most suitable residential space in two cities from POI data were 2.4% and 4.1%, respectively. (2) For PLE spatial agglomeration, ecological space in Fuzhou was characterized with a random distribution with the average nearest neighbor index of 1.19, and scattered as small patches in urban hilly area covered with ever-green broadleaf trees, while in Saskatoon the index was less than 1.00 with a clustered distribution in numerous city parks covered with grass and shrubs; Fuzhou’s multifunctional spaces were clustered in the central urban area surrounded by ring roads and in Changle District, while Saskatoon’s were dispersed with large patches. (3) For the trade-offs & synergies of PLE space, the ecological spaces in two cities were suppressed. In Fuzhou, the trade-off area ratio of the ecological space to other fuctional spaces was ranged 50% to 58%, while in Saskatoon, it was 40% to 47%. (4) The PLE spatial pattern can clearly sketch the different eco-city frameworks in different continents. Fuzhou’s eco-city model was characterized by “high ecological space/compacted living space/strong trade-off between ES and other spaces” and Saskatoon’s was featured with “low ecological space/spacious residential space with high livability/ weak trade-off between ES and other spaces”. Therefore, Fuzhou faced more challenges of intense spatial competition in the context of dense population. Our findings reveals the practical requirements for optimizing urban space and functions in terms of economic, ecologi
{"title":"Trade-offs and synergies for urban Production-Living-Ecological spatial Patterns-Comparison study between Fuzhou, China, and Saskatoon, Canada","authors":"Xi Wang , Xiaomei Li , Jinming Sha , Hao Zhang , Eshetu Shifaw , Xulin Guo , Shuhui Lai , Jinliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid industrialization and urbanization have significantly changed urban spatial patterns, resulting in the urban ecosystem degradation and urban spatial conflicts. The challenge requires the urban spatial planning more sophisticated for developing eco-city models in the perspective of urban land multifunctionality. The Production-Living-Ecological(PLE) spatial pattern is proposed for effective eco-city planning in Chinese urban cases. Given the differing climatic and cultural contexts, are the PLE spatial patterns comparable between cities from different continents? This study aims to compare the characteristics of PLE spatial patterns and the trade-offs & synergies of PLE spaces between Fuzhou city, China and Saskatoon, Canada for developing the eco-city models. First, the paper identified the PLE spaces by integrating multi-source data, then analyzed the PLE spatial agglomeration characteristics by using the average nearest neighbor and kernel density analysis, finally detected the trade-offs and synergies between functional spaces by Spearman correlation and bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The results showed the distinctly different PLE spatial patterns and the trade-offs & synergies of PLE spaces between the two eco-cities in Fuzhou, China and Saskatoon, Canada in 2022. (1) For the PLE space composition, the percentages of ecological space in Fuzhou and Saskatoon were 64.6% and 36.4%, respectively, while the proportions of the most suitable residential space in two cities from POI data were 2.4% and 4.1%, respectively. (2) For PLE spatial agglomeration, ecological space in Fuzhou was characterized with a random distribution with the average nearest neighbor index of 1.19, and scattered as small patches in urban hilly area covered with ever-green broadleaf trees, while in Saskatoon the index was less than 1.00 with a clustered distribution in numerous city parks covered with grass and shrubs; Fuzhou’s multifunctional spaces were clustered in the central urban area surrounded by ring roads and in Changle District, while Saskatoon’s were dispersed with large patches. (3) For the trade-offs & synergies of PLE space, the ecological spaces in two cities were suppressed. In Fuzhou, the trade-off area ratio of the ecological space to other fuctional spaces was ranged 50% to 58%, while in Saskatoon, it was 40% to 47%. (4) The PLE spatial pattern can clearly sketch the different eco-city frameworks in different continents. Fuzhou’s eco-city model was characterized by “high ecological space/compacted living space/strong trade-off between ES and other spaces” and Saskatoon’s was featured with “low ecological space/spacious residential space with high livability/ weak trade-off between ES and other spaces”. Therefore, Fuzhou faced more challenges of intense spatial competition in the context of dense population. Our findings reveals the practical requirements for optimizing urban space and functions in terms of economic, ecologi","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112816"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112869
Jiali Han , Fang Han , Alexander Dunets , Bayarkhuu Batbayar
The Altai Mountains, spanning China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, are crucial habitats for many endemic, rare, and endangered species and are a vital migration corridor. However, the standards for establishing protected areas (PAs) differ among the four countries, resulting in suboptimal spatial arrangements and protection gaps in PAs. Therefore, here, by integrating the habitats of rare and endangered species and key ecosystem service areas, we identified potential conservation areas in the Altai Mountains. And we overlaid them with existing PAs in China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia to determine the core habitats of the transboundary ecological networks for conservation. The identified core habitats covered 168,729.00 km2, representing 50.63 % of the Altai Mountains. Among these, potential conservation area not covered by existing PAs was approximately 82,833.50 km2 (24.86%). Additionally, 116 ecological corridors were identified with an average length of 38.15 km, including 8 transboundary corridors that connect the core conservation areas across different countries. Based on these findings, new PAs and other effective conservation measures (OECMs) in the Altai Mountains were proposed, along with a phased cooperation framework to gradually enhance the construction of transboundary ecological networks for conservation. Establishing the Altai Mountains’ transboundary ecological networks for conservation has the potential to become a model for transboundary conservation projects, providing valuable insights and guidance for developing conservation and collaborative management strategies in other transboundary regions.
{"title":"Mapping transboundary ecological networks for conservation in the Altai Mountains","authors":"Jiali Han , Fang Han , Alexander Dunets , Bayarkhuu Batbayar","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Altai Mountains, spanning China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, are crucial habitats for many endemic, rare, and endangered species and are a vital migration corridor. However, the standards for establishing protected areas (PAs) differ among the four countries, resulting in suboptimal spatial arrangements and protection gaps in PAs. Therefore, here, by integrating the habitats of rare and endangered species and key ecosystem service areas, we identified potential conservation areas in the Altai Mountains. And we overlaid them with existing PAs in China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia to determine the core habitats of the transboundary ecological networks for conservation. The identified core habitats covered 168,729.00 km<sup>2</sup>, representing 50.63 % of the Altai Mountains. Among these, potential conservation area not covered by existing PAs was approximately 82,833.50 km<sup>2</sup> (24.86%). Additionally, 116 ecological corridors were identified with an average length of 38.15 km, including 8 transboundary corridors that connect the core conservation areas across different countries. Based on these findings, new PAs and other effective conservation measures (OECMs) in the Altai Mountains were proposed, along with a phased cooperation framework to gradually enhance the construction of transboundary ecological networks for conservation. Establishing the Altai Mountains’ transboundary ecological networks for conservation has the potential to become a model for transboundary conservation projects, providing valuable insights and guidance for developing conservation and collaborative management strategies in other transboundary regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112869"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112823
A.C.B. Bakker , A.C.R. Gleason , A.C. Dempsey , S. Bachman , D. Burdick , A.M. Tarano , V. Chirayath , S.J. Purkis
In terrestrial landscapes, the spectral variability hypothesis (SVH) enables estimation of species diversity from satellite data, thereby allowing biodiversity assessments to be upscaled. Whether the SVH works in the marine realm is an open question. To answer it, we tested the ability of this hypothesis to retrieve coral reef fish biodiversity from two remote sensing platforms on a global transect of reef sites. From orbit, we trialed the multispectral and panchromatic bands of WorldView-2 (WV-2) which have a spatial resolution of 2.5 and 0.5 m, respectively. At 100 times finer resolution, we repeated the experiment using unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV) data. Encouragingly, the SVH evidently works as well in water as has been reported on land. Spectral variability was positively correlated with fish diversity for all sensors, though the area in which the variability was computed (window size) was important. The strongest relationship between spectral variability and fish biodiversity (R = 0.48) was returned using UAV imagery corrected for surface artifacts via fluid lensing. Splitting fish into herbivores, corallivores, and piscivores revealed that different feeding strategies correlate to spectral variability at different scales. Based on our results, we contend that remote sensing data are underutilized when used to simply map benthic habitat. Spectral variation can clearly serve as a proxy for in situ reef biodiversity.
{"title":"Remotely sensed spectral variability predicts reef fish diversity","authors":"A.C.B. Bakker , A.C.R. Gleason , A.C. Dempsey , S. Bachman , D. Burdick , A.M. Tarano , V. Chirayath , S.J. Purkis","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In terrestrial landscapes, the spectral variability hypothesis (SVH) enables estimation of species diversity from satellite data, thereby allowing biodiversity assessments to be upscaled. Whether the SVH works in the marine realm is an open question. To answer it, we tested the ability of this hypothesis to retrieve coral reef fish biodiversity from two remote sensing platforms on a global transect of reef sites. From orbit, we trialed the multispectral and panchromatic bands of WorldView-2 (WV-2) which have a spatial resolution of 2.5 and 0.5 m, respectively. At 100 times finer resolution, we repeated the experiment using unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV) data. Encouragingly, the SVH evidently works as well in water as has been reported on land. Spectral variability was positively correlated with fish diversity for all sensors, though the area in which the variability was computed (window size) was important. The strongest relationship between spectral variability and fish biodiversity (R = 0.48) was returned using UAV imagery corrected for surface artifacts via fluid lensing. Splitting fish into herbivores, corallivores, and piscivores revealed that different feeding strategies correlate to spectral variability at different scales. Based on our results, we contend that remote sensing data are underutilized when used to simply map benthic habitat. Spectral variation can clearly serve as a proxy for <em>in situ</em> reef biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 112823"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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