Ecological Indicators最新文献_第4页

Innovative reconstruction and evaluation of forest refinement datasets by combining multi-source data: A case study of Guangdong Province 结合多源数据对森林精细化数据集进行创新性重建和评估：广东省案例研究

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112788

Yicheng Li , Zhuo Wu , Linglong Zhu , Xiaocheng Huang , Jianhong Mo

The acquisition and monitoring of forest cover data are crucial for ecological protection, resource management, and climate change research. However, relying on a single data source provides limited data accuracy and does not adequately capture the forest structure and functional attributes. We combined six commonly land cover datasets and forest age, canopy height, above-ground biomass, and tree species distribution datasets to reconstruct 30 m spatially accurate forest refinement dataset (FRD) for Guangdong Province. In addition, the distribution characteristics of forest structure and function were evaluated using forest morphological spatial pattern analysis. The results show that the overall accuracy of FRD of the Guangdong Province in 2020 reached 86.07 %. Forest types in the Guangdong Province were mainly dominated by evergreen needle-leaf forests. Tsuga chinensis, Red cedar, and Pinus sylvestris were more commonly planted. Older and taller trees were found in northern and eastern Guangdong. In addition, forest above-ground biomass (AGB) was larger in the coastal areas of northern and western Guangdong. The core and perforation had the oldest age and the highest tree height, and the islet had the lowest for all forest structure and function indicators. Based on multi-source datasets, this study contributes to a better understanding of the attributes characterizing the structure and function of forests. The refined dataset and research framework will effectively enhance forest management efficiency and policy making, as well as provide case references for research on climate change response, forest conservation and biodiversity assessment.

获取和监测森林植被数据对于生态保护、资源管理和气候变化研究至关重要。然而，依靠单一数据源提供的数据准确性有限，且无法充分捕捉森林结构和功能属性。我们将六种常见的土地覆被数据集与林龄、冠层高度、地上生物量和树种分布数据集相结合，重建了广东省 30 米空间精度的森林细化数据集（FRD）。此外，还利用森林形态空间模式分析评估了森林结构和功能的分布特征。结果表明，2020 年广东省森林细化数据集的总体精度达到 86.07%。广东省的森林类型主要以常绿针叶林为主。常绿针叶林以铁杉、红豆杉和红松为主。粤北和粤东的树木树龄较长，树干较高。此外，粤北和粤西沿海地区的森林地上生物量（AGB）较大。在所有森林结构和功能指标中，核心区和穿孔区的树龄最大、树高最高，而小岛区的树龄最低。本研究基于多源数据集，有助于更好地理解森林结构和功能的特征属性。完善的数据集和研究框架将有效提高森林管理效率和政策制定水平，并为气候变化应对、森林保护和生物多样性评估研究提供案例参考。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding lake water dynamics to optimize watershed agriculture through isotopic analyses of memory effects and hydrological connectivity 通过对记忆效应和水文连通性的同位素分析，解码湖水动态，优化流域农业

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112826

Junen Wu , Bin Yang , Feng Cheng , Fan Zhao , Sha Ma , Xia Yuan , Huanhuan Zeng , Cheng Tang , Kun Yang , Lei Zhao

Understanding the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of lake water systems is critical in the context of intensifying global environmental changes. In this study, a novel stable isotope analysis method, combined with Bayesian mixing models, is applied to investigate hydrological connections and water source contributions in a specific area on the southwest shore of Dianchi Lake, China, at a monthly scale. The study reveals a significant “memory effect,” where 56.76% of the lake water volume in the current month is associated with the lake water volume in the prior month, with notable seasonal variations. The relative contributions of precipitation, surface water, soil water for different agricultural land uses, and groundwater to the lake water balance are assessed. The hydrological processes in Dianchi Lake are significantly influenced by agricultural land use, with greenhouse soils contributing less water than open field soils. Water outflow, rather than evaporation, is the primary factor reducing the nearshore lake volume, highlighting the impact of human activities. The dependency of water source contributions on meteorological factors is also examined, with seasonal and weather effects on lake water dynamics and agricultural water availability observed. By integrating isotope data with meteorological records and advanced modeling techniques, a quantitative framework for evaluating hydrological changes in lake catchments is developed. The developed approach enhances our understanding of lake water system dynamics and can enhance agricultural water management strategies, water resource allocation, irrigation planning, and climate change adaptation in agricultural watersheds.

在全球环境变化加剧的背景下，了解湖泊水系复杂的时空动态至关重要。本研究采用新颖的稳定同位素分析方法，结合贝叶斯混合模型，对中国滇池西南岸特定区域的水文联系和水源贡献进行了月尺度研究。研究发现了显著的 "记忆效应"，即当月 56.76% 的湖泊水量与上月的湖泊水量相关联，且存在明显的季节性变化。评估了降水、地表水、不同农业用地的土壤水和地下水对湖水平衡的相对贡献。滇池的水文过程受农业用地的影响很大，温室土壤的水量少于露地土壤。水量外流而非蒸发是近岸湖泊水量减少的主要因素，这凸显了人类活动的影响。此外，还研究了水源贡献对气象因素的依赖性，观察到季节和天气对湖水动态和农业用水的影响。通过将同位素数据与气象记录和先进的建模技术相结合，建立了一个用于评估湖泊集水区水文变化的定量框架。所开发的方法增强了我们对湖泊水系动态的理解，并可加强农业流域的农业用水管理策略、水资源分配、灌溉规划和气候变化适应。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological health assessment of riparian zone of Yangtze River based on trapezoid cloud model in Jiangsu Province, China 基于江苏省梯形云模型的长江河岸带生态健康评估

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112796

Yangyang Lu , Gongxian Fang , Mingjiang Deng , Guohua Fang , Zihan Zhu , Changran Sun , Zitong Yang

In recent years, the ecological service functions of riparian zones have been destroyed owing to human activities. To perform scientific territorial spatial planning and ecological restoration of the riparian zone, there is an urgent need to develop a targeted evaluation index system and method for riparian zone ecological health. By analyzing the relationship between the riparian zone ecological health, river ecosystems, and human social well-being, the ecological health connotation of the riparian zone was analyzed, and an evaluation index system of riparian ecological health was established based on the pressure-state-response model. To address the problems of randomness and fuzziness in the riparian ecological health assessment process, a riparian ecological health assessment model based on the trapezoid cloud model was established by combining the weights obtained from the improved order relation analysis method with the degree of index certainty obtained from the trapezoid cloud model. The riparian zone of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China, was selected for the evaluation and analysis. The results show that: (1) the ecological health of the riparian zone in the study area was affected by multiple stress factors, such as urban expansion, port and industrial layout, and agricultural cultivation; however, the land-use change pressure was alleviated in the past 10 years; (2) compared with the traditional order relation method and cloud model, the combination of the improved order relation analysis method and trapezoid cloud model showed higher rationality and applicability; and (3) according to the evaluation results, PEH, SEH, REH, and EH in the study area showed a significant improvement trend from 2013 to 2023. The regions rated as “Weak” and “ Relatively Weak” are mainly concentrated in the areas along the Yangtze River, such as Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, and the areas around the Yangtze River estuary. These regions face greater ecological pressure owing to intensive heavy chemical industries, and there is an urgent need to develop corresponding ecological management and restoration countermeasures.

近年来，由于人类活动的影响，河岸带的生态服务功能遭到破坏。为进行科学的国土空间规划和河岸带生态修复，迫切需要制定有针对性的河岸带生态健康评价指标体系和方法。通过分析河岸带生态健康与河流生态系统、人类社会福祉之间的关系，解析河岸带生态健康内涵，建立基于压力-状态-响应模型的河岸带生态健康评价指标体系。针对河岸生态健康评价过程中存在的随机性和模糊性问题，结合改进阶次关系分析法得到的权重和梯形云模型得到的指标确定度，建立了基于梯形云模型的河岸生态健康评价模型。选取中国江苏省长江河岸带进行评价分析。结果表明(1）研究区河岸带的生态健康受到城市扩张、港口和工业布局、农业种植等多重压力因素的影响，但近 10 年来土地利用变化压力有所缓解；（2）与传统的阶次关系法和云模型相比，改进的阶次关系分析法与梯形云模型的组合具有更高的合理性和适用性；（3）根据评价结果，研究区的 PEH、SEH、REH 和 EH 在 2013 至 2023 年间呈显著改善趋势。被评为 "较弱 "和 "相对较弱 "的地区主要集中在南京、镇江、扬州等长江沿岸地区和长江口周边地区。这些地区由于重化工业密集，面临较大的生态压力，迫切需要制定相应的生态管理和修复对策。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring water clarity of lakes in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain using Landsat observations (1984–2023) 利用大地遥感卫星观测数据监测长江中下游平原湖泊水体透明度（1984-2023 年）

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112825

Miaomiao Chen , Fei Xiao , Zhou Wang , Yadong Zhou , Wangzheng Shen , Qi Feng , Enhua Li , Yun Du

Using the improved Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA) and Landsat data, we documented the long-term changes in water clarity of the 17 largest lakes in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain from 1984 to 2023. A comprehensive dataset with over 4600 water clarity maps, reconstructed from 2511 Landsat series images, was compiled. The water clarity changes of these 17 lakes have a clear seasonal variation pattern, with the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. Over the past 40 years, water clarity of 59 % lakes shows a downward trend, with Junshan Lake showing the highest decrease rate of −0.0231 m/yr. 41 % lakes water clarity are showing an upward trend. From 1984 to 1990, the highest average

Z_{SD}

(Secchi disk depth) values were recorded in Changhu Lake, Junshan Lake, Honghu Lake, Futou Lake, and Gehu Lake. These lakes, however, experienced the most significant declines compared to period from 2021 to 2023. Chaohu Lake, Taihu Lake, Caizi Lake, and Nanyi Lake, which had the lowest average

Z_{SD}

during 1984–1990, showed the most substantial increases. Analyzing the monthly distribution of water level and

Z_{SD}

data reveals that water clarity exhibits different seasonal variations in relation to water levels. The comprehensive dataset and analysis provide a crucial scientific basis for informed water resource management and policy-making in the region.

利用改进的准分析算法（QAA）和陆地卫星数据，我们记录了长江中下游平原 17 个最大湖泊从 1984 年到 2023 年水体透明度的长期变化。根据 2511 幅 Landsat 系列图像重建的 4600 多张水体透明度图组成了一个综合数据集。这 17 个湖泊的水体透明度变化具有明显的季节性变化规律，夏季最高，冬季最低。近 40 年来，59% 的湖泊水体透明度呈下降趋势，其中君山湖下降幅度最大，为-0.0231 米/年。41%的湖泊水体透明度呈上升趋势。从 1984 年到 1990 年，长湖、军山湖、洪湖、埠头湖和鹅湖的 ZSD（塞奇盘深度）平均值最高。然而，与 2021 年至 2023 年期间相比，这些湖泊的降幅最为明显。1984-1990 年间平均 ZSD 最低的巢湖、太湖、菜子湖和南漪湖则出现了最大幅度的上升。通过分析水位和 ZSD 数据的月度分布，可以发现水体透明度与水位呈现出不同的季节性变化。综合数据集和分析为该地区的水资源管理和决策提供了重要的科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Developing an early warning land degradation indicator based on geostatistical analysis of Ecosystem Functional Types dynamics 基于对生态系统功能类型动态的地质统计分析，开发土地退化预警指标

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112815

Cristina Domingo-Marimon , Małgorzata Jenerowicz-Sanikowska , Lluís Pesquer , Marek Ruciński , Michał Krupiński , Edyta Woźniak , Anna Foks-Ryznar , Mohammad Abdul Quader

Identifying and quantifying ecosystem degradation and recovery is of critical importance for ecosystem health, biodiversity, food security and the livelihoods of local communities. Remote sensing datasets and techniques, particularly land cover maps, provide crucial data for capturing spatial and temporal changes, supporting informed decision-making and targeted interventions. However, these maps often emphasize structural rather than functional attributes and, also due to their thematic and temporal resolution, may not detect early degradation signs. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Ecosystem Functional Attributes (EFAs) and Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs) as early warning indicators of ecosystem degradation. Using Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2016 to 2022, we conducted qualitative and quantitative EFA/EFT analysis on two fragile protected areas, Moyowosi Game Reserve (Kigoma region, Tanzania) and the Sheikh Jamal Inani National Park (Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh). Firstly, EFA analysis characterized vegetation productivity and seasonality, revealing temporal trends and spatial patterns of change. Secondly, EFTs served as indicators of change levels. Our findings showed significant insights into productivity shifts due to human activities and climate anomalies, identifying specific temporal events and turning points. Variogram-based geostatistical analysis highlighted changes in vegetation diversity’s spatial distribution. Integrating EFA/EFT analysis with geostatistical methods proved effective for early detection of land degradation, surpassing traditional land cover change analysis. Hence, the presented approach forms a robust framework for an early warning system, aimed at monitoring and evaluating environmentally fragile areas and aiding decision-makers in mitigating environmental degradation and promoting sustainable land management.

识别和量化生态系统退化和恢复对生态系统健康、生物多样性、粮食安全和当地社区的生计至关重要。遥感数据集和技术，尤其是土地覆被图，为捕捉空间和时间变化、支持知情决策和有针对性的干预措施提供了重要数据。然而，这些地图通常强调的是结构属性而非功能属性，而且由于其专题和时间分辨率的原因，可能无法发现早期退化迹象。本研究评估了生态系统功能属性（EFAs）和生态系统功能类型（EFTs）作为生态系统退化预警指标的有效性。利用哨兵-2 获得的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）数据，我们对两个脆弱的保护区--莫约沃西野生动物保护区（坦桑尼亚基戈马地区）和谢赫-贾迈勒-伊纳尼国家公园（孟加拉国科克斯巴扎尔地区）--进行了定性和定量的 EFA/EFT 分析。首先，EFA 分析描述了植被生产力和季节性，揭示了变化的时间趋势和空间模式。其次，EFTs 可作为变化水平的指标。我们的研究结果表明，人类活动和气候异常导致的生产力变化具有重要意义，并确定了特定的时间事件和转折点。基于变异图的地理统计分析凸显了植被多样性空间分布的变化。事实证明，将 EFA/EFT 分析与地质统计方法相结合，可以有效地早期发现土地退化，超过了传统的土地覆被变化分析。因此，所提出的方法形成了一个强大的预警系统框架，旨在监测和评估环境脆弱地区，帮助决策者减缓环境退化，促进可持续土地管理。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of vegetation restoration after historical earthquake landslides from 1985 to 2020: A case study of Tianshui City, China 1985-2020年历史性地震滑坡后植被恢复的时空演变特征：中国天水市案例研究

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112798

Xing Su , Jing Jia , Jun Zhang , Xia Li , Manyin Zhang

Earthquakes occurring in mountainous regions have the potential to trigger a significant proliferation of landslides, greatly change the landforms, and exert a long-term impact on vegetation. Since the resurrection of ancient landslides has shown an upward trend in recent years, exploring the vegetation restoration and landslide activity of historical seismic landslides can prevent the occurrence of disasters in the future. In this study, we offer a novel calculation method for the evaluation of vegetation restoration of historical seismic landslides. There were 469 landslides in our study area that encompassed a total area of 87.70 km². Based on the 30-m resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data of the Tianshui City area from 1985 to 2020, which was used to quantify the vegetation restoration and landslide activity in the landslide area, we adopted the indicators of vegetation cover and vegetation restoration rate. In our analysis, the NDVI and FVC of the landslide area showed a fluctuating increase, the vegetation recovery rate of the landslide area using both VRR_M and VRR_N calculations demonstrated an increasing trend, and the number of active landslides decreased. However, the results of the VRR_N calculation more accurately assessed the vegetation recovery of the landslide area in the long term, and proved that recovery was superior in 1990. The restoration of vegetation was affected by regional precipitation, altitude, human activities, and disaster activities; and landslides in the study area recovered least in 1990–1995 and most in 2005–2020. The present study of vegetation restoration for a disaster area provides a reference for the restoration, utilization, planning, and related research of landslide disasters in the region.

发生在山区的地震有可能引发大量滑坡，极大地改变地貌，并对植被产生长期影响。由于近年来古滑坡的复活呈上升趋势，因此探索历史地震滑坡的植被恢复和滑坡活动可以预防未来灾害的发生。本研究为历史地震滑坡的植被恢复评价提供了一种新的计算方法。研究区域内共有 469 处滑坡，总面积达 87.70 平方公里。根据 1985-2020 年天水市区 30m 分辨率归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）数据，采用植被覆盖率和植被恢复率指标对滑坡区植被恢复和滑坡活动情况进行量化分析。分析结果表明，滑坡区的 NDVI 和 FVC 呈波动上升趋势，采用 VRRM 和 VRRN 计算的滑坡区植被恢复率呈上升趋势，活动滑坡体数量减少。然而，VRRN 计算结果更准确地评估了滑坡区植被的长期恢复情况，并证明 1990 年的恢复情况较好。植被恢复受区域降水、海拔、人类活动和灾害活动的影响；研究区域内的滑坡在 1990-1995 年恢复得最少，在 2005-2020 年恢复得最多。本次灾区植被恢复研究为该地区滑坡灾害的恢复、利用、规划及相关研究提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced sampling intensity through key sampling site selection for optimal characterization of riverine fish communities by eDNA metabarcoding 通过关键采样点的选择降低采样强度，利用 eDNA 代谢编码优化河流鱼类群落的特征描述

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112807

Charlotte Van Driessche , Teun Everts , Sabrina Neyrinck , Io Deflem , Dries Bonte , Rein Brys

Effective conservation management of river systems requires a comprehensive understanding of local and regional biodiversity, necessitating accurate characterization of species communities. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a pivotal tool for assessing aquatic organisms, especially fish communities. However, optimal sampling resolution and site positioning to obtain robust fish diversity indices across heterogeneous river systems remain inadequately understood. This study empirically evaluates the optimal number of eDNA samples needed to accurately capture diversity both locally and stream-wide across three distinct river systems, comparing eDNA metabarcoding results to traditional electrofishing data. Habitat and landscape factors were characterized to interpret the localisation of key sampling sites contributing most to the overall species richness. We detected 30 fish species via eDNA metabarcoding, compared to 28 species by electrofishing, with eDNA requiring fewer sampling sites per river system. To reach ≥ 95 % of the estimated species richness, eDNA analyses required between one and nine sites across three river systems spanning ten kilometres each. In the most diverse river, a single eDNA sampling site even achieved a higher species richness (n = 20 species) compared to the nine required sites to reach ≥ 95 % of the estimated species richness via electrofishing (n = 9 species). To account for eDNA particle dilution and degradation over larger distances (>1 km), sampling at both upstream and downstream sites may be crucial, with strategic site selection further refined by factors like adjacent stream inflows, substrate type, and river discharge rate, all of which influence species-specific habitat occupancy. On a smaller scale, the location of key sampling sites only moderately differs within 100-meter transects therewith informing on the precise placement of those sampling sites. Our work highlights the robustness and cost-effectiveness of eDNA analyses for riverine biodiversity assessment, demonstrating strong potential for enhancing various conservation practices.

要对河流系统进行有效的保护管理，就必须全面了解当地和区域的生物多样性，这就要求对物种群落进行准确的描述。环境 DNA（eDNA）代谢编码已成为评估水生生物，尤其是鱼类群落的重要工具。然而，人们对在不同河流系统中获得可靠的鱼类多样性指数的最佳取样分辨率和地点定位仍缺乏足够的了解。本研究根据经验评估了在三个不同河流系统中准确捕捉局部和整个河流多样性所需的最佳 eDNA 样本数量，并将 eDNA 代谢标码结果与传统电鱼数据进行了比较。对生境和景观因素进行了描述，以解释对总体物种丰富度贡献最大的关键采样点的定位。我们通过 eDNA 代谢标定检测到 30 种鱼类，而通过电鱼检测到 28 种，eDNA 对每个河流系统的取样点要求更少。要达到≥95%的估计物种丰富度，eDNA分析需要在三条河流系统中的1到9个地点进行，每条河流系统的长度为10公里。在物种最丰富的河流中，一个 eDNA 采样点的物种丰富度（n = 20 种）甚至比通过电鱼达到估计物种丰富度的 95% 所需的九个采样点（n = 9 种）还要高。为了考虑到 eDNA 粒子在更远距离（1 公里）上的稀释和退化，在上游和下游地点取样可能至关重要，战略地点的选择还需要考虑邻近溪流的流入量、底质类型和河流流速等因素，所有这些因素都会影响特定物种的栖息地占有率。在较小的范围内，关键取样点的位置在 100 米横断面内仅有适度差异，这为精确放置这些取样点提供了信息。我们的工作凸显了用于河流生物多样性评估的 eDNA 分析的稳健性和成本效益，展示了加强各种保护措施的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Urban expansion, economic development, and carbon emissions: Trends, patterns, and decoupling in mainland China’s provincial capitals (1985–2020) 城市扩张、经济发展与碳排放：中国大陆省会城市的趋势、模式与脱钩（1985-2020 年）

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112777

Jiahui Zhao , Wei Chen , Zixuan Liu , Wei Liu , Keyan Li , Bei Zhang , Yonggen Zhang , Le Yu , Tetsuro Sakai

In 2020, the Chinese government set the objective of achieving carbon neutrality, making it essential to understand the urbanization process in order to effectively implement future sustainable development strategies. Here, we demonstrate the urbanization development of 31 provincial capitals in mainland China from 1985 to 2020, including changes in impervious surfaces, socio-economic development, carbon emissions, and population. Using elasticity coefficients and the carbon emissions causal equation for quantitative analysis, we explore the relationships among these factors. We found that the national urban expansion rate experienced rapid growth, followed by a slowdown, with the peak occurring between 2000 and 2005. In just 40 years, total urban area expanded from 11,280 km² to 40,429 km², with eastern cities growing faster than those in the west. Despite similar trends, different cities displayed four distinct spatial characteristics, shaped by factors such as topography, transportation, and policies. Moreover, urban economic development is gradually decoupling from carbon emissions, accompanied by a declining reliance on urban area expansion and a reduced growth rate of carbon emissions. A strong decoupling trend between economic growth and carbon emissions has already emerged in the South & Central and Northwest regions, offering a preliminary explanation for the observed slowdown in carbon emissions. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the urbanization process in mainland China, highlighting low-carbon urban transformations and revealing how government policies have significantly shaped the development patterns of Chinese cities. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to further promote sustainable development goals.

2020 年，中国政府提出了实现碳中和的目标，因此了解城市化进程对于有效实施未来的可持续发展战略至关重要。在此，我们展示了中国大陆 31 个省会城市从 1985 年到 2020 年的城市化发展情况，包括不透水表面、社会经济发展、碳排放和人口的变化。利用弹性系数和碳排放因果方程进行定量分析，我们探讨了这些因素之间的关系。我们发现，全国城市扩张速度经历了快速增长，随后放缓，峰值出现在 2000 年至 2005 年之间。在短短 40 年间，城市总面积从 11280 平方公里扩大到 40429 平方公里，东部城市的增长速度快于西部城市。尽管趋势相似，但受地形、交通和政策等因素的影响，不同城市呈现出四种不同的空间特征。此外，城市经济发展与碳排放逐渐脱钩，对城市面积扩张的依赖性下降，碳排放增长率降低。经济增长与碳排放之间的强烈脱钩趋势已在南安普顿、中部和西北地区出现，这为观察到的碳排放放缓提供了初步解释。该研究全面概述了中国大陆的城市化进程，突出强调了低碳城市转型，并揭示了政府政策如何显著塑造了中国城市的发展模式。这些发现为政策制定者进一步推动可持续发展目标提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Connectivity patterns between floodplain lakes and neighboring streams in the historical floodplain of the Lower Mississippi River 密西西比河下游历史洪泛区湖泊与邻近溪流之间的连接模式

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112808

Hafez Ahmad , Leandro E. Miranda , Corey G. Dunn , Melanie R. Boudreau , Michael E. Colvin

Hydrologic connectivity, the network of water pathways linking aquatic habitats, is vital for the exchange of organisms and abiotic materials between rivers and adjacent waterbodies. This study quantified hydrologic connectivity for 1,283 lakes in the Lower Mississippi River floodplain using satellite imagery, streamgauge data, and geospatial information. We aimed to assess connection frequency patterns between lakes and streams. Eight metrics describing temporal aspects of hydrologic connectivity were estimated, identifying trends by lake features and by stream size. Each lake exhibited a distinct pattern of connection, with specific months of connectivity followed by disconnection, likely influenced by lake characteristics and seasonal precipitation. Larger lakes showed increased connectivity, likely due to their surface area and volume, while smaller lakes were more prone to isolation, especially during dry periods. Lakes connected to large streams exhibited more prolonged and recurring connections, with less seasonal variation. In contrast, lakes near agricultural areas experienced reduced connectivity. However, local factors such as levees and artificial channels often disrupted these general trends. This hydrologic connectivity analysis can provide insight to support floodplain management, facilitate development of frameworks that restore connectivity, promote preservation of ecological integrity, and support management of invasive species spread in agricultural floodplains.

水文连通性是连接水生栖息地的水路网络，对于河流与邻近水体之间的生物和非生物物质交换至关重要。本研究利用卫星图像、测流仪数据和地理空间信息对密西西比河下游洪泛区的 1283 个湖泊的水文连通性进行了量化。我们的目标是评估湖泊与溪流之间的连接频率模式。我们估算了描述水文连通性时间方面的八个指标，并根据湖泊特征和溪流大小确定了趋势。每个湖泊都呈现出独特的连接模式，在特定月份连接，随后断开，这可能受到湖泊特征和季节性降水的影响。较大的湖泊显示出更强的连通性，这可能与它们的表面积和体积有关，而较小的湖泊则更容易被隔离，尤其是在干旱时期。与大溪流相连的湖泊表现出更持久、更经常的连通性，季节性变化较小。相比之下，靠近农业区的湖泊的连通性较低。不过，堤坝和人工河道等局部因素往往会破坏这些总体趋势。这种水文连通性分析可为洪泛区管理提供支持，促进制定恢复连通性的框架，促进保护生态完整性，并支持管理入侵物种在农业洪泛区的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal changes in atmospheric aridity over the arid region of Central Asia during 1979–2019 1979-2019 年中亚干旱地区大气干旱度的时空变化

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112814

Moyan Li , Junqiang Yao , Jianghua Zheng

The arid region of Central Asia (CA) is the largest non-zonal arid region in the world. It has experienced significant changes in climate and hydrological cycle systems owing to global warming, which has posed serious impacts on the water resources and ecological environment in this region. Although the atmospheric water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) can directly reflect the atmospheric moisture condition, studies on the change of atmospheric moisture deficit in CA are scarce. Thus, we investigated the changes in VPD in the arid region of CA from the perspective of atmospheric aridity based on the CRU TS4.04 and ERA5 data. Our results showed that the VPD in more than 95 % of grids in the arid region had a significantly increasing trend during 1979–2019. Seasonally, VPD trends were increasing in spring, summer, and autumn but decreasing in winter. The changes in saturated water vapor pressure and actual water vapor pressure determined the VPD changes. The saturated water vapor pressure showed a clearly upward trend, whereas the actual water vapor pressure did not increase at the same rate, resulting in the increase of VPD. The first four leading modes revealed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis represented the patterns by explaining 81.4 % of the total variance. The positive phase of EOF1 was characterized by a monopole pattern, and this mode continued to increase. Contrastingly, EOF2 (and EOF3) showed dipole patterns over east–west CA (and north–south CA), with a mainly interannual variability. Due to the combined effect of increasing temperatures and decreasing relative humidity, the VPD has been intensifying since the mid-to-late 1990 s in CA, and the atmosphere has become significantly drier. These research results can deepen the scientific understanding of global warming impacts on atmospheric moisture and provides a reference for revealing the VPD changes and their impacts on the climate system and ecosystem in arid regions. Our results highlight that the impacts of VPD change should be adequately considered in environmental management and policy-making processes in Central Asia.

中亚干旱地区（CA）是世界上最大的非带状干旱地区。由于全球变暖，该地区的气候和水文循环系统发生了重大变化，对该地区的水资源和生态环境造成了严重影响。虽然大气水汽压差（VPD）可以直接反映大气水汽状况，但有关 CA 大气水汽压差变化的研究却很少。因此，我们基于 CRU TS4.04 和 ERA5 数据，从大气干旱的角度研究了 CA 干旱地区 VPD 的变化。结果表明，1979-2019 年期间，干旱地区 95% 以上网格的 VPD 呈显著上升趋势。从季节上看，VPD 在春季、夏季和秋季呈上升趋势，而在冬季则呈下降趋势。饱和水汽压和实际水汽压的变化决定了 VPD 的变化。饱和水汽压呈明显的上升趋势，而实际水汽压并没有以相同的速度上升，从而导致了 VPD 的增加。经验正交函数（EOF）分析揭示的前四个主导模式代表了这些模式，解释了总方差的 81.4%。EOF1 的正相以单极模式为特征，且该模式持续增加。相反，EOF2（和 EOF3）在东西向 CA（和南北向 CA）上呈现偶极模式，主要是年际变化。由于气温升高和相对湿度下降的共同作用，自 20 世纪 90 年代中后期以来，加利福尼亚州的 VPD 不断加强，大气明显变得更加干燥。这些研究成果可以加深人们对全球变暖对大气湿度影响的科学认识，并为揭示 VPD 变化及其对干旱地区气候系统和生态系统的影响提供参考。我们的研究结果强调，中亚地区在环境管理和政策制定过程中应充分考虑VPD变化的影响。

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引用次数: 0