Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01562737mtgabs
Huayi Yin, Dihua Wang
The molten salt CO 2 capture and electrochemical transformation (MSCC-ET) process has been demonstrated as an effective approach to capturing and converting CO 2 into oxygen and C/CO [1-2]. The effective CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion rely on the high-temperature molten carbonate electrolytes and the cost-effective inert oxygen-evolution anode. In recent years, we have focused on the electrolyte engineering to modulate the reactions at both the cathode and anode as well as the CO 2 capture efficiency [3-4]. Besides, we insist on developing iron- and nickel-base oxygen-evolution inert anodes in terms of revealing the fundamental principles and basic guidelines for choosing proper materials and fabrication processes [5]. By doing so, we can prepare functional carbon materials or CO at the cathode with a high current efficiency of over 90%, and produce oxygen at the inert anode. In addition, the kilo-ampere scale electrolyzer was built to produce oxygen, carbon or CO with an energy efficiency of over 50%. Therefore, the molten carbonate CO 2 electrolyzer shows its potential to convert CO 2 on the Mars to produce oxygen and fuels to support the future exploration of outer space. References [1] H. Y. Yin, D. H. Wang*, et al., Capture and electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to value-added carbon and oxygen by molten salt electrolysis. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6: 1538-1545. [2] R. Jiang, M. X. Gao, X. H. Mao, D. H. Wang*. Advancements and potentials of molten salt CO 2 capture and electrochemical transformation (MSCC-ET) process, Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2019, 17: 38-46. [3] B. W. Deng, J. J. Tang, X. H. Mao, Y. Q. Song, H. Zhu, W. Xiao, D. H. Wang*. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterization of Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Absorption Process with Lithium Oxide-Containing Ternary Molten Carbonate, Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(19): 10588-10595. [4] Z. S Yang, B. W. Deng, K. F. Du, H. Y. Yin*, D. H. Wang*, A general descriptor for guiding the electrolysis of CO2 in molten carbonate, 2022, in press. [5] P. L. Wang, K. F. Du, Y. P. Dou, H. Zhu, D. H. Wang*, Corrosion behaviour and mechanism of nickel anode in SO42- containing molten Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3. Corrosion Science 2022, 166. Figure 1
{"title":"(Invited) Electrochemical Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> Into Oxygen/ and C/CO in Molten Carbonate","authors":"Huayi Yin, Dihua Wang","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01562737mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01562737mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"The molten salt CO 2 capture and electrochemical transformation (MSCC-ET) process has been demonstrated as an effective approach to capturing and converting CO 2 into oxygen and C/CO [1-2]. The effective CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion rely on the high-temperature molten carbonate electrolytes and the cost-effective inert oxygen-evolution anode. In recent years, we have focused on the electrolyte engineering to modulate the reactions at both the cathode and anode as well as the CO 2 capture efficiency [3-4]. Besides, we insist on developing iron- and nickel-base oxygen-evolution inert anodes in terms of revealing the fundamental principles and basic guidelines for choosing proper materials and fabrication processes [5]. By doing so, we can prepare functional carbon materials or CO at the cathode with a high current efficiency of over 90%, and produce oxygen at the inert anode. In addition, the kilo-ampere scale electrolyzer was built to produce oxygen, carbon or CO with an energy efficiency of over 50%. Therefore, the molten carbonate CO 2 electrolyzer shows its potential to convert CO 2 on the Mars to produce oxygen and fuels to support the future exploration of outer space. References [1] H. Y. Yin, D. H. Wang*, et al., Capture and electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to value-added carbon and oxygen by molten salt electrolysis. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6: 1538-1545. [2] R. Jiang, M. X. Gao, X. H. Mao, D. H. Wang*. Advancements and potentials of molten salt CO 2 capture and electrochemical transformation (MSCC-ET) process, Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2019, 17: 38-46. [3] B. W. Deng, J. J. Tang, X. H. Mao, Y. Q. Song, H. Zhu, W. Xiao, D. H. Wang*. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterization of Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Absorption Process with Lithium Oxide-Containing Ternary Molten Carbonate, Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(19): 10588-10595. [4] Z. S Yang, B. W. Deng, K. F. Du, H. Y. Yin*, D. H. Wang*, A general descriptor for guiding the electrolysis of CO2 in molten carbonate, 2022, in press. [5] P. L. Wang, K. F. Du, Y. P. Dou, H. Zhu, D. H. Wang*, Corrosion behaviour and mechanism of nickel anode in SO42- containing molten Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3. Corrosion Science 2022, 166. Figure 1","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-0154208mtgabs
Teruhisa Horita
Recent progress in the development of R&D for the evaluation and analytical methods of SOFC stack durability is reported under the NEDO Japanese national project. The goal of this project is the following two points: (1) to develop the advanced evaluation and analytical methods for the cell stacks which show a lifetime over 15 years (130 kh) with high efficiency of over 65% LHV, and (2) to develop the evaluation and analytical methods for dynamic operation mode such as rapid start-stop and load cycling. Three practical stacks were supplied by the stack developers and tested over 10,000 hours with high fuel utilization (Uf~85%). Relatively stable performances were reported for these stacks and degradation factors were considered taking into account the degradation mechanisms at cells and stacks. Under high Uf conditions, some specific degradation mechanisms are now analyzed in the cells. For rapid starts of stacks, evaluation protocols are considered taking into account the mechanical stress arising from the thermal distribution in the cells. Simulation methods are considered for the evaluation of performance after 15 years of operation in the stacks.
{"title":"Progress of the Evaluation and Analysis Methods for Durability of SOFC Stacks","authors":"Teruhisa Horita","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-0154208mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154208mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Recent progress in the development of R&D for the evaluation and analytical methods of SOFC stack durability is reported under the NEDO Japanese national project. The goal of this project is the following two points: (1) to develop the advanced evaluation and analytical methods for the cell stacks which show a lifetime over 15 years (130 kh) with high efficiency of over 65% LHV, and (2) to develop the evaluation and analytical methods for dynamic operation mode such as rapid start-stop and load cycling. Three practical stacks were supplied by the stack developers and tested over 10,000 hours with high fuel utilization (Uf~85%). Relatively stable performances were reported for these stacks and degradation factors were considered taking into account the degradation mechanisms at cells and stacks. Under high Uf conditions, some specific degradation mechanisms are now analyzed in the cells. For rapid starts of stacks, evaluation protocols are considered taking into account the mechanical stress arising from the thermal distribution in the cells. Simulation methods are considered for the evaluation of performance after 15 years of operation in the stacks.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01422362mtgabs
Mahmudul Hasan, Lauren F Greenlee
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose. Due to its distinctive aromatic backbone, it is also one of the most unique biopolymers. The aromatic components in lignin provide structural support to plants and comprises about 30% of the plant material. These aromatic groups can be used to produce renewable aromatic compounds. Also, these aromatic compounds can be used to produce biofuels which can be promising alternative to fossil-based fuels and chemicals. Besides, from previous studies it is found that about 40 to 60 million tons of lignin are generated from pulp and paper industry, mostly as wastes. So, developing novel and attractive strategies for fragmentation of lignin is gaining increased interest among scientific community for valorizing this underexploited material. Also, by valorizing lignin the sustainability of biorefinery and paper industry can be enhanced. However, the present technologies used for degradation of lignin generally requires the use of metallic catalysts at high temperatures and harsh reaction conditions. As a result, catalyst recovery and decomposition often become difficult under such harsh conditions and the process becomes impractical. Also, these technologies suffer from poor selectivity and usually produce the desired fragmentation products in low yields. Compared to the thermocatalytic transformation of lignin, electrocatalytic approaches have several advantages like it is environmentally friendly, have mild reaction conditions and the cost is low. Besides, there is a lack of studies incorporating electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction of lignin in organic solvent. In this project, the main goal was to overcome the challenge of using isolated lignin from various industrial processes by electrochemical depolymerization of lignin in organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran. Tetrahydrofuran is mainly used in Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) process. So, electrocatalytic degradation of lignin in this solvent is beneficial because the product from CELF process can be directly used here and thus it can work as a secondary treatment process for CELF process. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry (CA) which are important tools for identifying redox reactions happening in the system is used here. In this presentation, for varying concentrations of Lignin, Tetrahydrofuran and sulfuric acid the results found from CV and CA will be discussed with practical significance. Keywords: Recalcitrant biopolymer, Lignin in organic solvent, controlled electrocatalysis, secondary treatment for CELF process, Cyclic Voltammetry
{"title":"Unraveling Electrochemical Lignin Degradation in Organic Solvent for Production of Valuable Fuels and Chemicals","authors":"Mahmudul Hasan, Lauren F Greenlee","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01422362mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01422362mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose. Due to its distinctive aromatic backbone, it is also one of the most unique biopolymers. The aromatic components in lignin provide structural support to plants and comprises about 30% of the plant material. These aromatic groups can be used to produce renewable aromatic compounds. Also, these aromatic compounds can be used to produce biofuels which can be promising alternative to fossil-based fuels and chemicals. Besides, from previous studies it is found that about 40 to 60 million tons of lignin are generated from pulp and paper industry, mostly as wastes. So, developing novel and attractive strategies for fragmentation of lignin is gaining increased interest among scientific community for valorizing this underexploited material. Also, by valorizing lignin the sustainability of biorefinery and paper industry can be enhanced. However, the present technologies used for degradation of lignin generally requires the use of metallic catalysts at high temperatures and harsh reaction conditions. As a result, catalyst recovery and decomposition often become difficult under such harsh conditions and the process becomes impractical. Also, these technologies suffer from poor selectivity and usually produce the desired fragmentation products in low yields. Compared to the thermocatalytic transformation of lignin, electrocatalytic approaches have several advantages like it is environmentally friendly, have mild reaction conditions and the cost is low. Besides, there is a lack of studies incorporating electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction of lignin in organic solvent. In this project, the main goal was to overcome the challenge of using isolated lignin from various industrial processes by electrochemical depolymerization of lignin in organic solvent like tetrahydrofuran. Tetrahydrofuran is mainly used in Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) process. So, electrocatalytic degradation of lignin in this solvent is beneficial because the product from CELF process can be directly used here and thus it can work as a secondary treatment process for CELF process. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry (CA) which are important tools for identifying redox reactions happening in the system is used here. In this presentation, for varying concentrations of Lignin, Tetrahydrofuran and sulfuric acid the results found from CV and CA will be discussed with practical significance. Keywords: Recalcitrant biopolymer, Lignin in organic solvent, controlled electrocatalysis, secondary treatment for CELF process, Cyclic Voltammetry","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01472520mtgabs
Ryan H. DeBlock, Hunter O. Ford, Christopher N. Chervin, Debra R. Rolison, Michelle D. Johannes, Jeffrey W. Long
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a critical tool for investigating new materials for electrochemical energy storage, providing important information on metal oxidation state and element-specific coordination. Historically, XAS measurements had required the energy specificity and brilliance of a synchrotron facility, but recent advances in detectors and optics are bringing XAS capabilities to the laboratory setting with multiple commercial instruments available. At the Naval Research Laboratory, we use laboratory-based XAS to study a class of disordered vanadium ferrite (VFe 2 O x ) aerogels that exhibit promising performance for electrochemical energy-storage applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 1,2 The structure and composition of these materials are readily varied via modifications to the epoxide-promoted sol–gel reaction of iron chloride and vanadium isopropoxide (e.g., substitution with other cations such as Al 3+ ), 2 as well as post-synthesis thermal treatments that render disordered, defective, or nanocrystalline forms of a given composition. The resulting series of VFe 2 O x materials are evaluated by XAS in both ex situ and in situ configurations, including as powder-composite cathodes versus lithium metal in pouch cells with conventional nonaqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. X-ray Absorption Near-edge Spectroscopy (XANES) at the V K-edge and Fe K-edge is used to track V and Fe oxidation state, respectively, permitting the assignment of metal-centered redox across the broad potential range over which these materials are electrochemically active (2–3.4 V vs Li/Li + ). Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) analysis provides information on V- or Fe-specific coordination as a function of composition, structure, and state-of-charge. Parallel computation efforts using Density-Functional Theory offer a complementary feedback loop with experimental XANES and EXAFS to achieve a sophisticated description of these complex battery materials. 1. C. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 12059 (2015). 2. C. N. Chervin, R. H. DeBlock, J. F. Parker, B. M. Hudak, N. L. Skeele, J. S. Ko, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, RSC Adv. 11 , 14495 (2021).
x射线吸收光谱(XAS)是研究电化学储能新材料的重要工具，提供了金属氧化态和元素特定配位的重要信息。从历史上看，XAS测量需要同步加速器设备的能量专一性和亮度，但最近探测器和光学的进步将XAS功能带到了实验室环境中，有多种商用仪器可用。在海军研究实验室，我们使用基于实验室的XAS来研究一类无序钒铁氧体(VFe 2o x)气凝胶，这种气凝胶在电化学储能应用(如可充电锂离子电池)中表现出很好的性能。1,2这些材料的结构和组成很容易通过对环氧化物促进的氯化铁和异丙醇钒的溶胶-凝胶反应的修饰(例如，用其他阳离子如Al 3+取代)，2以及合成后的热处理来改变给定组合物的无序、缺陷或纳米晶形式。所得的vfe2ox材料系列在非原位和原位配置下都通过XAS进行了评估，包括作为粉末复合阴极与使用传统非水锂离子电解质的袋状电池中的锂金属。x射线吸收近边光谱(XANES)在V - k边缘和Fe - k边缘分别用于跟踪V和Fe的氧化状态，允许在这些材料具有电化学活性的广泛电位范围内(2-3.4 V vs Li/Li +)分配金属中心氧化还原。扩展x射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)分析提供了V或fe特异性配位的信息，作为组成，结构和电荷状态的函数。使用密度泛函理论的并行计算工作与实验XANES和EXAFS提供了互补的反馈回路，以实现对这些复杂电池材料的复杂描述。1. C. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, J. W. Long, J. Mater。化学。农业工程学报，2015,39(5)。2. 陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，陈志强，2014(4)。
{"title":"Uncovering Electrochemical Cation-Storage Mechanisms in Defective Vanadium Ferrites Using Synchrotron-Quality, in-Lab X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy","authors":"Ryan H. DeBlock, Hunter O. Ford, Christopher N. Chervin, Debra R. Rolison, Michelle D. Johannes, Jeffrey W. Long","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01472520mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01472520mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a critical tool for investigating new materials for electrochemical energy storage, providing important information on metal oxidation state and element-specific coordination. Historically, XAS measurements had required the energy specificity and brilliance of a synchrotron facility, but recent advances in detectors and optics are bringing XAS capabilities to the laboratory setting with multiple commercial instruments available. At the Naval Research Laboratory, we use laboratory-based XAS to study a class of disordered vanadium ferrite (VFe 2 O x ) aerogels that exhibit promising performance for electrochemical energy-storage applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 1,2 The structure and composition of these materials are readily varied via modifications to the epoxide-promoted sol–gel reaction of iron chloride and vanadium isopropoxide (e.g., substitution with other cations such as Al 3+ ), 2 as well as post-synthesis thermal treatments that render disordered, defective, or nanocrystalline forms of a given composition. The resulting series of VFe 2 O x materials are evaluated by XAS in both ex situ and in situ configurations, including as powder-composite cathodes versus lithium metal in pouch cells with conventional nonaqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. X-ray Absorption Near-edge Spectroscopy (XANES) at the V K-edge and Fe K-edge is used to track V and Fe oxidation state, respectively, permitting the assignment of metal-centered redox across the broad potential range over which these materials are electrochemically active (2–3.4 V vs Li/Li + ). Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) analysis provides information on V- or Fe-specific coordination as a function of composition, structure, and state-of-charge. Parallel computation efforts using Density-Functional Theory offer a complementary feedback loop with experimental XANES and EXAFS to achieve a sophisticated description of these complex battery materials. 1. C. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 12059 (2015). 2. C. N. Chervin, R. H. DeBlock, J. F. Parker, B. M. Hudak, N. L. Skeele, J. S. Ko, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, RSC Adv. 11 , 14495 (2021).","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01482526mtgabs
Alexander George Zestos, Michelle Hadad, Nadine Hadad
Cortisol is a vital steroid hormone that has been known as the “stress hormone,” which is elevated during times of high stress and anxiety. The improved detection of cortisol is critically important as it will help further our understanding of stress during several physiological states. Several methods exist to detect cortisol, however, they suffer from low biocompatibility, spatiotemporal resolution, and are relatively slow. In this study, we developed an assay to measure cortisol with carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). FSCV is typically utilized to measure small molecule neurotransmitters by producing a readout CV for the specific detection of biomolecules on a fast, subsecond timescale with biocompatible CFMEs. It has seen enhanced utility in measuring peptides and other larger and more complex molecules. We developed a waveform to electro-reduce cortisol at the surface of CFMEs. The sensitivity of cortisol was found to be 5 nA/uM and was adsorption controlled on the surface of CFMEs and stable over several hours. Cortisol was co-detected with several other biomolecules such as dopamine and serotonin, and the waveform was fouling resistant to repeated injections of cortisol on the surface of the CFMEs. Furthermore, we also measured exogenously applied cortisol onto brain tissue and simulated urine to demonstrate biocompatibility and potential use in vivo . The specific biocompatible detection of cortisol with high spatiotemporal resolution will help further elucidate its biological significance and further understand its physiological importance in the brain.
{"title":"Electroanalytical Measurement of Steroid Hormone with Carbon Electrode Sensor","authors":"Alexander George Zestos, Michelle Hadad, Nadine Hadad","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01482526mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01482526mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Cortisol is a vital steroid hormone that has been known as the “stress hormone,” which is elevated during times of high stress and anxiety. The improved detection of cortisol is critically important as it will help further our understanding of stress during several physiological states. Several methods exist to detect cortisol, however, they suffer from low biocompatibility, spatiotemporal resolution, and are relatively slow. In this study, we developed an assay to measure cortisol with carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). FSCV is typically utilized to measure small molecule neurotransmitters by producing a readout CV for the specific detection of biomolecules on a fast, subsecond timescale with biocompatible CFMEs. It has seen enhanced utility in measuring peptides and other larger and more complex molecules. We developed a waveform to electro-reduce cortisol at the surface of CFMEs. The sensitivity of cortisol was found to be 5 nA/uM and was adsorption controlled on the surface of CFMEs and stable over several hours. Cortisol was co-detected with several other biomolecules such as dopamine and serotonin, and the waveform was fouling resistant to repeated injections of cortisol on the surface of the CFMEs. Furthermore, we also measured exogenously applied cortisol onto brain tissue and simulated urine to demonstrate biocompatibility and potential use in vivo . The specific biocompatible detection of cortisol with high spatiotemporal resolution will help further elucidate its biological significance and further understand its physiological importance in the brain.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01472522mtgabs
Bonho Koo, Jinkyu Chung, Juwon Kim, Hyejeong Hyun, Dimitrios Fraggedakis, Jian Wang, Namdong Kim, Markus Weigand, Tae Joo Shin, Daan Hein Alsem, Norman Salmon, Martin Z. Bazant, Jongwoo Lim
Lithium-ion insertion kinetics fundamentally hinges upon phase transformation behavior during (dis)charging and understanding the rate-dependent kinetics is crucial for the development of high-power batteries. At high c-rates, kinetic hysteresis is amplified and phase evolution becomes heterogeneous and unpredictable. Specifically, discharge becomes more sluggish than charging of most battery electrodes including LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 (NMC) and LiFePO 4 (LFP). Here, we developed an operando soft x-ray microscopy to simultaneously observe surface charge transfer and bulk lithium diffusion in facet-controlled individual battery particles over a wide range of cycling rates (0.01 – 10C). Our result unambiguously reveals that dynamic asymmetry between fast charging and discharging originates from auto-inhibitory Li-rich and autocatalytic Li-poor surface domains, respectively. In addition, we developed synchrotron-based operando fast XRD to track phase evolution during fast cycling. We directly observed that sluggish Li diffusion at high Li content induces different phase transformations during charging and discharging, with strong phase separation and homogeneous phase transformation during charging and discharging, respectively. Moreover, by electrochemically manipulating the lithium-ion concentration distribution within NCM particles, phase separation pathway could be redirected to solid-solution kinetics even at 7 C-rate. Our work lays the groundwork for developing high-power applications and ultrafast charging protocols Figure 1
锂离子插入动力学从根本上取决于(不)充电过程中的相变行为，了解速率相关动力学对大功率电池的发展至关重要。在高碳率下，动力学滞后被放大，相演化变得不均匀和不可预测。具体来说，包括LiNi x Mn y Co z o2 (NMC)和lifepo4 (LFP)在内的大多数电池电极的放电比充电更缓慢。在这里，我们开发了一种operando软x射线显微镜，在宽循环速率(0.01 - 10℃)范围内同时观察facet控制的单个电池颗粒中的表面电荷转移和大块锂扩散。我们的研究结果明确地表明，快速充电和快速放电之间的动态不对称分别源于自抑制富锂和自催化贫锂表面结构域。此外，我们开发了基于同步加速器的operando快速XRD来跟踪快速循环过程中的相演化。我们直接观察到，在高Li含量下，缓慢的Li扩散在充放电过程中引起了不同的相变，在充放电过程中分别发生了强烈的相分离和均匀的相变。此外，通过电化学控制NCM颗粒内锂离子浓度分布，即使在7c -速率下，相分离途径也可以重定向到固溶动力学。我们的工作为开发高功率应用和超快充电协议奠定了基础(图1)
{"title":"High C-Rate Dynamic Lithium (de)Insertion Pathway Investigated via Synchrotron-Based Operando XRD and Operando Scanning x-Ray Microscopy","authors":"Bonho Koo, Jinkyu Chung, Juwon Kim, Hyejeong Hyun, Dimitrios Fraggedakis, Jian Wang, Namdong Kim, Markus Weigand, Tae Joo Shin, Daan Hein Alsem, Norman Salmon, Martin Z. Bazant, Jongwoo Lim","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01472522mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01472522mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion insertion kinetics fundamentally hinges upon phase transformation behavior during (dis)charging and understanding the rate-dependent kinetics is crucial for the development of high-power batteries. At high c-rates, kinetic hysteresis is amplified and phase evolution becomes heterogeneous and unpredictable. Specifically, discharge becomes more sluggish than charging of most battery electrodes including LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 (NMC) and LiFePO 4 (LFP). Here, we developed an operando soft x-ray microscopy to simultaneously observe surface charge transfer and bulk lithium diffusion in facet-controlled individual battery particles over a wide range of cycling rates (0.01 – 10C). Our result unambiguously reveals that dynamic asymmetry between fast charging and discharging originates from auto-inhibitory Li-rich and autocatalytic Li-poor surface domains, respectively. In addition, we developed synchrotron-based operando fast XRD to track phase evolution during fast cycling. We directly observed that sluggish Li diffusion at high Li content induces different phase transformations during charging and discharging, with strong phase separation and homogeneous phase transformation during charging and discharging, respectively. Moreover, by electrochemically manipulating the lithium-ion concentration distribution within NCM particles, phase separation pathway could be redirected to solid-solution kinetics even at 7 C-rate. Our work lays the groundwork for developing high-power applications and ultrafast charging protocols Figure 1","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01522614mtgabs
Dohyoung Kim, Sang Hun Kim, Jiwon Oh, Yoonmi Nam, Heesu Hwang, Jin-Ha Hwang
Since the advent of the 4 th industrial revolution characteristic of smart living standards, physical and/or chemical sensors have been gaining their academic/industrial interests in association with cloud-based data management, artificial intelligence and big data thanks to ever-increasing computing power and communication technology. In particular, machine learning-operated sensor networks are advancing to offer predictive, prescriptive, and even deductive analytics, overcoming basic descriptive functions. Regardless of the type of sensor, i.e., physical or chemical, homogeneously and/or heterogeneously configured sensor arrays can provide physical status and chemical information that have been impossible to achieve using single-mode sensors alone. This teaming of technology has opened up unprecedented applications that may be possible through sensor network implementation. Electronic nose with semiconducting gas sensors array can be regarded as a promising platform to find new functionality in the recognition of smells and odors through machine learning. Oxide semiconductor gas sensors with high sensitivity, simple structure, rapid response speed, excellent reversibility and facile integration have been widely employed to detect harmful, explosive, and toxic gases but the simple gas sensing mechanism involving charge transfer between the gas and oxide surfaces often leads to a lack of gas selectivity, hampering gas recognition. The machine learning ecosystem is capable of solving the pre-existing drawbacks encountered in chemical sensor domains. However, the recognition of gases under variations in ambient humidity and temperature has barely been investigated, and most studies have focused on the compensation of sensor signals using humidity and temperature sensor. Gas recognition under various humidity conditions by machine learning without the assistance of humidity sensors has never been achieved. Five In 2 O 3 -based semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors were combined in the form of sensor arrays with machine learning methodologies with the aim to detecting and discriminating indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and ethanol against humidity and/or temperature variations. The SMO gas sensor performance was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and neural network-based classification in terms of the gas sensor data type/amount, neural network algorithms, sensor combinations, and environmental factors. The PCA analyses revealed the limitations on the discrimination of VOCs under temperature- and/or humidity-interfered gas sensing environments. Gas detection/discrimination could be improved significantly by using neural network-based algorithms, i.e., artificial neural networks (ANNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs). The neural network algorithm prediction based on the entire gas sensing/purge transient data outperfor
{"title":"Application of Machine Learning to In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Based Semiconducting Oxide Gas Sensors for High-Performance Gas Discrimination Against Ambient Humidity and Temperature Variations","authors":"Dohyoung Kim, Sang Hun Kim, Jiwon Oh, Yoonmi Nam, Heesu Hwang, Jin-Ha Hwang","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01522614mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01522614mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of the 4 th industrial revolution characteristic of smart living standards, physical and/or chemical sensors have been gaining their academic/industrial interests in association with cloud-based data management, artificial intelligence and big data thanks to ever-increasing computing power and communication technology. In particular, machine learning-operated sensor networks are advancing to offer predictive, prescriptive, and even deductive analytics, overcoming basic descriptive functions. Regardless of the type of sensor, i.e., physical or chemical, homogeneously and/or heterogeneously configured sensor arrays can provide physical status and chemical information that have been impossible to achieve using single-mode sensors alone. This teaming of technology has opened up unprecedented applications that may be possible through sensor network implementation. Electronic nose with semiconducting gas sensors array can be regarded as a promising platform to find new functionality in the recognition of smells and odors through machine learning. Oxide semiconductor gas sensors with high sensitivity, simple structure, rapid response speed, excellent reversibility and facile integration have been widely employed to detect harmful, explosive, and toxic gases but the simple gas sensing mechanism involving charge transfer between the gas and oxide surfaces often leads to a lack of gas selectivity, hampering gas recognition. The machine learning ecosystem is capable of solving the pre-existing drawbacks encountered in chemical sensor domains. However, the recognition of gases under variations in ambient humidity and temperature has barely been investigated, and most studies have focused on the compensation of sensor signals using humidity and temperature sensor. Gas recognition under various humidity conditions by machine learning without the assistance of humidity sensors has never been achieved. Five In 2 O 3 -based semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors were combined in the form of sensor arrays with machine learning methodologies with the aim to detecting and discriminating indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and ethanol against humidity and/or temperature variations. The SMO gas sensor performance was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and neural network-based classification in terms of the gas sensor data type/amount, neural network algorithms, sensor combinations, and environmental factors. The PCA analyses revealed the limitations on the discrimination of VOCs under temperature- and/or humidity-interfered gas sensing environments. Gas detection/discrimination could be improved significantly by using neural network-based algorithms, i.e., artificial neural networks (ANNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs). The neural network algorithm prediction based on the entire gas sensing/purge transient data outperfor","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01392307mtgabs
Yifu Chen, Hengzhou Liu, Jungkuk Lee, Shuang Gu, Wenzhen Li
Direct electrochemical conversion of CO 2 capture solutions (instead of gaseous CO 2 ) into valuable chemicals can circumvent the energy-intensive CO 2 regeneration and pressurization steps. While commonly used CO 2 capture agents include alkali and amine solutions, ammonia has been rarely investigated. In another aspect, mismanagement of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in waste has emerged as a major problem in water pollution to our ecosystems, causing severe eutrophication and health concerns. Sustainably recovering Nr [such as nitrate (NO 3 − )-N] and converting it into green ammonia (NH 3 ) could mitigate the environmental impacts of Nr and reduce the NH 3 demand from the carbon-intensive Haber-Bosch process, as well as a possible CO 2 capture agent due to its alkaline nature. In this talk, we will present our rencet research on integration of electrodialysis and electrocatalysis for ammonia synthesis from dilute waste Nr sources, and green ammonia-mediated CO 2 capture (to ammonium bicarbonate, NH 4 HCO 3 ) and subsequent reduction to ammonium formate (NH 4 HCO 2 ) as a new approach to CO 2 capture and utilization (CCU). We have demonstrated a record-high NO 3 − -to-NH 3 performance in a scalable, versatile, and cost-effective membrane-free alkaline electrolyzer (MFAEL): an unprecedented NH 3 partial current density of 4.22 ± 0.25 A cm −2 with a faradaic efficiency of 84.5 ± 4.9%. We also discovered that an ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 )-fed electrolyzer with an anion exchange membrane (AEM) outperforms the state-of-the-art KHCO 3 electrolyzer with a bipolar membrane (BPM) owing to its favorable thermal decomposition property, which allows for a 3-fold increase in the in situ CO 2 concentration, a maximum 23% increase in formate faradaic efficiency, and a 35% reduction in cell voltage by substituting BPM with the AEM. Our integrated process by combining NH 4 HCO 3 electrolysis with CO 2 capturing by on-site generated green ammonia from the electro-reduction of nitrate in MFAEL has shown a remarkable 99.8% utilization of CO 2 capturing agent. Such a multi-purpose process may offer a sustainable route for the simultaneous removal of N r wastes and streamlined CO 2 capturing and upgrading to valuable chemicals.
{"title":"(Invited) Green Ammonia-Mediated CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Direct Electrochemical Reduction to Formate","authors":"Yifu Chen, Hengzhou Liu, Jungkuk Lee, Shuang Gu, Wenzhen Li","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01392307mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01392307mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Direct electrochemical conversion of CO 2 capture solutions (instead of gaseous CO 2 ) into valuable chemicals can circumvent the energy-intensive CO 2 regeneration and pressurization steps. While commonly used CO 2 capture agents include alkali and amine solutions, ammonia has been rarely investigated. In another aspect, mismanagement of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in waste has emerged as a major problem in water pollution to our ecosystems, causing severe eutrophication and health concerns. Sustainably recovering Nr [such as nitrate (NO 3 − )-N] and converting it into green ammonia (NH 3 ) could mitigate the environmental impacts of Nr and reduce the NH 3 demand from the carbon-intensive Haber-Bosch process, as well as a possible CO 2 capture agent due to its alkaline nature. In this talk, we will present our rencet research on integration of electrodialysis and electrocatalysis for ammonia synthesis from dilute waste Nr sources, and green ammonia-mediated CO 2 capture (to ammonium bicarbonate, NH 4 HCO 3 ) and subsequent reduction to ammonium formate (NH 4 HCO 2 ) as a new approach to CO 2 capture and utilization (CCU). We have demonstrated a record-high NO 3 − -to-NH 3 performance in a scalable, versatile, and cost-effective membrane-free alkaline electrolyzer (MFAEL): an unprecedented NH 3 partial current density of 4.22 ± 0.25 A cm −2 with a faradaic efficiency of 84.5 ± 4.9%. We also discovered that an ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 )-fed electrolyzer with an anion exchange membrane (AEM) outperforms the state-of-the-art KHCO 3 electrolyzer with a bipolar membrane (BPM) owing to its favorable thermal decomposition property, which allows for a 3-fold increase in the in situ CO 2 concentration, a maximum 23% increase in formate faradaic efficiency, and a 35% reduction in cell voltage by substituting BPM with the AEM. Our integrated process by combining NH 4 HCO 3 electrolysis with CO 2 capturing by on-site generated green ammonia from the electro-reduction of nitrate in MFAEL has shown a remarkable 99.8% utilization of CO 2 capturing agent. Such a multi-purpose process may offer a sustainable route for the simultaneous removal of N r wastes and streamlined CO 2 capturing and upgrading to valuable chemicals.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01382205mtgabs
Hassan Nagra, Rik Mom, Axel Knop-Gericke
Potential spikes during the start-up (SU) and shutdown (SD) of fuel cells are a major cause of platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst degradation, which limits the lifetime of the device. The electrochemical oxidation of Pt that occurs on the cathode during the potential spikes plays a key role in this degradation process. However, the composition of the oxide species formed, as well as their role in catalyst dissolution remains unclear. In this study, we employ a special arrangement of XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), in which the Pt electrocatalyst is covered by graphene, making the in situ examination of the Pt oxidation/reduction under wet conditions possible. We use this assembly to investigate oxidation state changes of Pt within fuel cell relevant potential window. We show that above 1.1 V RHE , a mixed Pt δ+ /Pt 2+ /Pt 4+ surface oxide is formed, with an average oxidation state that gradually increases as the potential is increased. By comparing a model based on the XPS data to the oxidation charge measured during potential spikes, we show that our description of Pt oxidation is also valid during the transient conditions of fuel cell SU/SD. This is due to the rapid Pt oxidation kinetics during the pulses. As a result of the irreversibility of Pt oxidation, some remnants of oxidized Pt remain at typical fuel cell operating potentials after a pulse. Figure 1
燃料电池启动(SU)和关闭(SD)期间的潜在峰值是铂(Pt)电催化剂降解的主要原因，这限制了设备的使用寿命。电位尖峰时阴极上Pt的电化学氧化在这一降解过程中起着关键作用。然而，形成的氧化物种类的组成，以及它们在催化剂溶解中的作用仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们采用了一种特殊的XPS (x射线光电子能谱)安排，其中Pt电催化剂被石墨烯覆盖，使得在潮湿条件下原位检测Pt氧化/还原成为可能。我们使用该组件来研究Pt在燃料电池相关电位窗口内的氧化态变化。结果表明，在1.1 V RHE以上，形成了混合的Pt δ+ /Pt 2+ /Pt 4+表面氧化物，其平均氧化态随着电位的增加而逐渐增加。通过将基于XPS数据的模型与电位峰值期间测量的氧化电荷进行比较，我们表明，我们对Pt氧化的描述在燃料电池SU/SD的瞬态条件下也是有效的。这是由于脉冲期间Pt的快速氧化动力学。由于Pt氧化的不可逆性，一些残余的氧化Pt在脉冲后仍保持在典型的燃料电池工作电位。图1
{"title":"A Structural Model for Transient Pt Oxidation during Fuel Cell Start-up Using Electrochemical X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy","authors":"Hassan Nagra, Rik Mom, Axel Knop-Gericke","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01382205mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382205mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"Potential spikes during the start-up (SU) and shutdown (SD) of fuel cells are a major cause of platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst degradation, which limits the lifetime of the device. The electrochemical oxidation of Pt that occurs on the cathode during the potential spikes plays a key role in this degradation process. However, the composition of the oxide species formed, as well as their role in catalyst dissolution remains unclear. In this study, we employ a special arrangement of XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), in which the Pt electrocatalyst is covered by graphene, making the in situ examination of the Pt oxidation/reduction under wet conditions possible. We use this assembly to investigate oxidation state changes of Pt within fuel cell relevant potential window. We show that above 1.1 V RHE , a mixed Pt δ+ /Pt 2+ /Pt 4+ surface oxide is formed, with an average oxidation state that gradually increases as the potential is increased. By comparing a model based on the XPS data to the oxidation charge measured during potential spikes, we show that our description of Pt oxidation is also valid during the transient conditions of fuel cell SU/SD. This is due to the rapid Pt oxidation kinetics during the pulses. As a result of the irreversibility of Pt oxidation, some remnants of oxidized Pt remain at typical fuel cell operating potentials after a pulse. Figure 1","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1149/ma2023-01492557mtgabs
Peter Strasser
The science and technology of the direct electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction on both model electrodes in liquid-electrolyte H-cells and Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) in flow electrolyzers offer as many formidable challenges as intriguing opportunities. Controlling the selectivity (faradaic efficiency), while maximizing the energy efficiency by lowering the kinetic overpotentials remains key to turn this complex reaction into a practical process embedded in a process chain. In this talk, I will highlight some of our recent advances in the design and characterization of NiNC single site electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to CO and CO 2 /CO mixed feeds into value-added fuels and chemicals in H-cell and Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE) single cell electrolyzers. Further focus will be placed on the diagnosis of carbonate transport processes during electrolyzer cell operation using the experimentally accessible carbon crossover coefficient, CCC. Performance and its limitations of cell operation in alkaline and acid conditions will be contrasted and discussed.
{"title":"(Keynote) Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction on NiNC Single Metal Atom Catalysts Under Alkaline to Acidic pH Conditions","authors":"Peter Strasser","doi":"10.1149/ma2023-01492557mtgabs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01492557mtgabs","url":null,"abstract":"The science and technology of the direct electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction on both model electrodes in liquid-electrolyte H-cells and Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) in flow electrolyzers offer as many formidable challenges as intriguing opportunities. Controlling the selectivity (faradaic efficiency), while maximizing the energy efficiency by lowering the kinetic overpotentials remains key to turn this complex reaction into a practical process embedded in a process chain. In this talk, I will highlight some of our recent advances in the design and characterization of NiNC single site electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to CO and CO 2 /CO mixed feeds into value-added fuels and chemicals in H-cell and Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE) single cell electrolyzers. Further focus will be placed on the diagnosis of carbonate transport processes during electrolyzer cell operation using the experimentally accessible carbon crossover coefficient, CCC. Performance and its limitations of cell operation in alkaline and acid conditions will be contrasted and discussed.","PeriodicalId":11461,"journal":{"name":"ECS Meeting Abstracts","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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