Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-53-59
N. V. Moskvina, N. A. Molganova, S. A. Ovesnov
The state of soils and vegetation in the valleys of the Tolych and Zyryanka rivers (Promkanal, Berezniki) was assessed and changes due to discharges from large industrial facilities were identified. In the Promkanal valley, the formation of secondary solonchaks was recorded, the salinity level and chemical composition of which depend on the composition of discharges and the distance from the water. In the riverine part of the floodplain, a strong salinization of the surface layers of soils with alkaline salts, which are toxic to plants, was revealed. The vegetation suppression and the absence of humus accumulation were detected. It has been established that the degree of salinity decreases with distance from the waters, and the main salt-containing ions are sulfates, sodium and calcium. Areas for improving the soil cover due to the watering of the Promkanal were marked.
{"title":"Soil and Vegetation Cover in the Valleys of the Tolych and Zyryanka Rivers (Perm Region, Russia) under Conditions of Technogenic Salinization","authors":"N. V. Moskvina, N. A. Molganova, S. A. Ovesnov","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-53-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-53-59","url":null,"abstract":"The state of soils and vegetation in the valleys of the Tolych and Zyryanka rivers (Promkanal, Berezniki) was assessed and changes due to discharges from large industrial facilities were identified. In the Promkanal valley, the formation of secondary solonchaks was recorded, the salinity level and chemical composition of which depend on the composition of discharges and the distance from the water. In the riverine part of the floodplain, a strong salinization of the surface layers of soils with alkaline salts, which are toxic to plants, was revealed. The vegetation suppression and the absence of humus accumulation were detected. It has been established that the degree of salinity decreases with distance from the waters, and the main salt-containing ions are sulfates, sodium and calcium. Areas for improving the soil cover due to the watering of the Promkanal were marked.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-66-71
N. Volkova, N. Ivanyutin, R. Zakharov
The results of comprehensive assessment of the qualitative composition of groundwater, used for water supply in the city of Saki of the Republic of Crimea, are presented. The parameters, for which the excess of the maximum permissible concentrations was mainly recorded, include: mineralization, total hardness, content of chlorides, nitrates, magnesium, boron and selenium. For all wells, used for water supply in Saki, the value of integral indicator of drinking water danger exceeded 1, which indicates the need to develop and implement a list of measures, aimed at improving the composition of water resources. To do this, it is advisable to provide water treatment in the form of desalination of water using reverse osmosis technology.
{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Drinking Water Intakes of the City of Saki","authors":"N. Volkova, N. Ivanyutin, R. Zakharov","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-66-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-66-71","url":null,"abstract":"The results of comprehensive assessment of the qualitative composition of groundwater, used for water supply in the city of Saki of the Republic of Crimea, are presented. The parameters, for which the excess of the maximum permissible concentrations was mainly recorded, include: mineralization, total hardness, content of chlorides, nitrates, magnesium, boron and selenium. For all wells, used for water supply in Saki, the value of integral indicator of drinking water danger exceeded 1, which indicates the need to develop and implement a list of measures, aimed at improving the composition of water resources. To do this, it is advisable to provide water treatment in the form of desalination of water using reverse osmosis technology.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43677862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-24-29
I. Burmistrov, B. Khaydarov, D. Suvorov, T. Khaydarov, S. V. Volokhov, V. Kovalev, D.A. Metelkin, D. Lysov, D. Kuznetsov
The study concerned the of obtaining stone-cast products from unmodified blast-furnace slag from Severstal PJSC and its mixture with river sand as a source of silicon dioxide. Mechanical characteristics, surface morphology, cutting microstructure and phase composition of products resulted from blast furnace slag and sand were studied. It was shown that when casting synthetic stone in an electric arc furnace without using a controlled cooling mode, it was possible to obtain a slag casting, the structure of which from chain silicates has a density of 2.9–3.0 g/cm3 and a compressive strength of 44.0–71.4 MPa.
{"title":"Influence of Added Silicon Oxide on Properties of Slag-based Synthetic Stone Casting Products","authors":"I. Burmistrov, B. Khaydarov, D. Suvorov, T. Khaydarov, S. V. Volokhov, V. Kovalev, D.A. Metelkin, D. Lysov, D. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"The study concerned the of obtaining stone-cast products from unmodified blast-furnace slag from Severstal PJSC and its mixture with river sand as a source of silicon dioxide. Mechanical characteristics, surface morphology, cutting microstructure and phase composition of products resulted from blast furnace slag and sand were studied. It was shown that when casting synthetic stone in an electric arc furnace without using a controlled cooling mode, it was possible to obtain a slag casting, the structure of which from chain silicates has a density of 2.9–3.0 g/cm3 and a compressive strength of 44.0–71.4 MPa.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46171120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-18-23
A. Arduanova, I. Glushankova
The results of studies on wastewater treatment from lignosulfonates by the method of induced reagent flotation were presented. The factors influencing the purification efficiency and technological regimes were identified, as well as the choice of activated carbon grades for deep post-treatment of wastewater were substantiated. Based on the research, a method was developed for treating local wastewater from lignosulfonateswith a flotation filter.
{"title":"Development of a Method for Treating Local Wastewater by Induced Flotation from Lignosulfonates","authors":"A. Arduanova, I. Glushankova","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-18-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-18-23","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies on wastewater treatment from lignosulfonates by the method of induced reagent flotation were presented. The factors influencing the purification efficiency and technological regimes were identified, as well as the choice of activated carbon grades for deep post-treatment of wastewater were substantiated. Based on the research, a method was developed for treating local wastewater from lignosulfonateswith a flotation filter.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-43-47
A. D. Burakaeva, G. V. Petrova, A. Goncharov
The results of monitoring the biological properties of indigenous bacterial strains isolated from soils, which for a long time were in contact with highly concentrated wastewater from the slaughterhouse of meat processing units, were presented. The resulting strains are able to grow on slaughterhouse wastewater in the presence of animal fats as a carbon source in concentration exceeding the maximum acceptable level for wastewater intended for biological treatment with activated sludge, it demonstrated combined high growth rates and resistance to chlorides. The stimulating effect of wastewater treated by combined indigenous bacterial strains on the germination of barley and corn seeds was confirmed. These strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila.
{"title":"Bacteria Stenotrophomonas are Promising Agents for the Treatment of Fat-containing Sewage","authors":"A. D. Burakaeva, G. V. Petrova, A. Goncharov","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-43-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-43-47","url":null,"abstract":"The results of monitoring the biological properties of indigenous bacterial strains isolated from soils, which for a long time were in contact with highly concentrated wastewater from the slaughterhouse of meat processing units, were presented. The resulting strains are able to grow on slaughterhouse wastewater in the presence of animal fats as a carbon source in concentration exceeding the maximum acceptable level for wastewater intended for biological treatment with activated sludge, it demonstrated combined high growth rates and resistance to chlorides. The stimulating effect of wastewater treated by combined indigenous bacterial strains on the germination of barley and corn seeds was confirmed. These strains were identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-36-42
Y. Turov, M. Guznyaeva, D. Lazarev, Y. Petrova, D. Stom
It was shown that the use of methods of chemical analysis of oil-contaminated soils recommended for environmental control, showed no more than 50% of the mass of oil introduced into the soil, even in freshly contaminated samples. It was found that main errors were associated with the loss of light oil fractions during drainage of contaminated soil samples, incomplete extraction of pollutant oil from soils, ignoring high-molecular polar oil fractions, resinous and asphaltenic fractions when using these methods. A slight modification of the applied preparatory analytical methods was proposed, wich consisted in replacing the cold extraction of contaminated soil with a hot one, followed by additional weighing of the extracted chloroform prior swing absorption to assess the content of oil products, as well as soil samples for extraction at a natural moisture level without air- dry preconditionning. It was concluded that these changes significantly reduce analytical errors and increase the reliability of monitoring soil pollution during crude oil spills, as well as the effectiveness of rehabilitation actions.
{"title":"Assessing the Level of Pollution and Effectiveness of Soil Rehabilitation Technologies in Case of Crude Oil Spills","authors":"Y. Turov, M. Guznyaeva, D. Lazarev, Y. Petrova, D. Stom","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-36-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-36-42","url":null,"abstract":"It was shown that the use of methods of chemical analysis of oil-contaminated soils recommended for environmental control, showed no more than 50% of the mass of oil introduced into the soil, even in freshly contaminated samples. It was found that main errors were associated with the loss of light oil fractions during drainage of contaminated soil samples, incomplete extraction of pollutant oil from soils, ignoring high-molecular polar oil fractions, resinous and asphaltenic fractions when using these methods. A slight modification of the applied preparatory analytical methods was proposed, wich consisted in replacing the cold extraction of contaminated soil with a hot one, followed by additional weighing of the extracted chloroform prior swing absorption to assess the content of oil products, as well as soil samples for extraction at a natural moisture level without air- dry preconditionning. It was concluded that these changes significantly reduce analytical errors and increase the reliability of monitoring soil pollution during crude oil spills, as well as the effectiveness of rehabilitation actions.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42938390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-48-52
S. Kolesnikov, D. Moshchenko, A. Kuzina, K. Kazeev
Regional maximum permissible concentrations of gross lead in soils were determined in the area of the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise – the largest Electrozink plant in Russia, located in Vladikavkaz (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and a source of environmental pollution with lead, zinc and cadmium. Modeling of lead contamination of five types and subtypes of soils most closely lying to the metallurgical enterprise was carried out. The following of gross lead concentrations were established in soils in the area of the metallurgical enterprise: chernozem leached – 160 mg/kg, chernozem ordinary – 150 mg/kg, dark gray forest – 120 mg/kg, mountain-meadow soddy – 110 mg/kg, brown forest weakly unsaturated – 100 mg/kg.
{"title":"Experience of Determination of Regional Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Leadin Soils in the Area of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises","authors":"S. Kolesnikov, D. Moshchenko, A. Kuzina, K. Kazeev","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-48-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-48-52","url":null,"abstract":"Regional maximum permissible concentrations of gross lead in soils were determined in the area of the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise – the largest Electrozink plant in Russia, located in Vladikavkaz (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and a source of environmental pollution with lead, zinc and cadmium. Modeling of lead contamination of five types and subtypes of soils most closely lying to the metallurgical enterprise was carried out. The following of gross lead concentrations were established in soils in the area of the metallurgical enterprise: chernozem leached – 160 mg/kg, chernozem ordinary – 150 mg/kg, dark gray forest – 120 mg/kg, mountain-meadow soddy – 110 mg/kg, brown forest weakly unsaturated – 100 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-11-17
A. Kistovich, T. Chaplina
The paper provides an overview of existing methods and sorbents for the elimination of hydrocarbons from the surface of the water, studied their characteristics and the principle of operation of devices that are currently used to eliminate oil spills. An original method of eliminating hydrocarbon spills is proposed, the main element of which is the creation of a controlled vortex funnel in a rotating cylindrical cup equipped with a suction system for petroleum products. The principle of operation and methods of controlling the modes of operation of the vortex funnel have been confirmed by experimental studies.
{"title":"Cleaning Of The Sea Surface From Oil Pollution By Means Of A Controlled Vortex Funnel","authors":"A. Kistovich, T. Chaplina","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-11-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-11-17","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an overview of existing methods and sorbents for the elimination of hydrocarbons from the surface of the water, studied their characteristics and the principle of operation of devices that are currently used to eliminate oil spills. An original method of eliminating hydrocarbon spills is proposed, the main element of which is the creation of a controlled vortex funnel in a rotating cylindrical cup equipped with a suction system for petroleum products. The principle of operation and methods of controlling the modes of operation of the vortex funnel have been confirmed by experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-43-49
D. Dubrovin, O. M. Sharonova, S. S. Dobrosmislov, A. Anshits
The effect of replacing cement with high-calcium fly ash (HCFA), represented by 4 fractions (Fr1–Fr4) from 4 electrostatic precipitators of the ash collectors at the Krasnoyarsk TPP-2, on the properties of cementing slurry was studied. The parameters of flowability, thickening, and compressive strength of specimens containing Fr1–Fr4 fractions from 100 to 20% were determined. Optimal compositions of cement slurries containing Fr3 fraction from 20, 30 to 40% were proposed.
{"title":"Effect of Replacing Cement with High-calcium Fly Ash on the Properties of Cementing Slurry","authors":"D. Dubrovin, O. M. Sharonova, S. S. Dobrosmislov, A. Anshits","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-43-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-43-49","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of replacing cement with high-calcium fly ash (HCFA), represented by 4 fractions (Fr1–Fr4) from 4 electrostatic precipitators of the ash collectors at the Krasnoyarsk TPP-2, on the properties of cementing slurry was studied. The parameters of flowability, thickening, and compressive strength of specimens containing Fr1–Fr4 fractions from 100 to 20% were determined. Optimal compositions of cement slurries containing Fr3 fraction from 20, 30 to 40% were proposed.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46162859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-30-35
V. V. Dyachenko, V. Devisilov, V. Shemanin
The analysis of lidar technologies application for remote measurement of concentrations of climate impacting active gases was presented. The modelling of the lidar equation for measuring the concentration of carboxyl ring molecules was carried out using the lidar combined action of Raman scattering of light in the atmosphere at detection distances up to 100 m. It was confirmed that when probing the atmosphere with a lidar in combinational with laser radiation at a wavelength of 405 nm, the concentration of all studied molecules in the gas mixture was detected.
{"title":"Lidar Technology for Measuring Climate Impacting Active Gases for Carbon Polygons","authors":"V. V. Dyachenko, V. Devisilov, V. Shemanin","doi":"10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-30-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-6-30-35","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of lidar technologies application for remote measurement of concentrations of climate impacting active gases was presented. The modelling of the lidar equation for measuring the concentration of carboxyl ring molecules was carried out using the lidar combined action of Raman scattering of light in the atmosphere at detection distances up to 100 m. It was confirmed that when probing the atmosphere with a lidar in combinational with laser radiation at a wavelength of 405 nm, the concentration of all studied molecules in the gas mixture was detected.","PeriodicalId":11462,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Industry of Russia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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