H. Baykan, Özgür Baykan, E. Esen, Ayfer Tirak, Serap Akdeniz Gorgulu, T. Karlıdere
Introduction: Major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease are among the leading causes of dementia in the elderly. These diseases are often misdiagnosed because of overlapping symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, which has been used as an indicator of systemic inflammation, can be used for the differential diagnoses of these diseases. Materials and Method: A total of 95 patients with major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s disease were enrolled. Blood specimens were drawn from participants and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were calculated. We compared the three groups according to mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio adjusted for age. We used the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis to predict the sensitivity and specificity of this ratio for the differential diagnosis between depression and Alzheimer’s disease. Results: The mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease groups was 2.2 ± 0.7, 2.9 ± 1.2, and 2.2 ± 0.9, respectively (P = 0.005). The adjusted mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for age for the depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease groups was 2.2 ± 0.17, 2.8 ± 0.15, and 2.2 ± 0.2, respectively (P = 0.025). Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analyses predicted that the sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis between depression and Alzheimer’s disease was 54.8% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggested that a simple arithmetic calculation could help clinicians in the differential diagnosis between depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can be used as a secondary line of evidence, along with the initial clinical assessment.
{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential differential diagnostic marker for Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, and Parkinson’s disease","authors":"H. Baykan, Özgür Baykan, E. Esen, Ayfer Tirak, Serap Akdeniz Gorgulu, T. Karlıdere","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310407","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease are among the leading causes of dementia in the elderly. These diseases are often misdiagnosed because of overlapping symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, which has been used as an indicator of systemic inflammation, can be used for the differential diagnoses of these diseases. \u0000 \u0000Materials and Method: A total of 95 patients with major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s disease were enrolled. Blood specimens were drawn from participants and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were calculated. We compared the three groups according to mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio adjusted for age. We used the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis to predict the sensitivity and specificity of this ratio for the differential diagnosis between depression and Alzheimer’s disease. \u0000 \u0000Results: The mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease groups was 2.2 ± 0.7, 2.9 ± 1.2, and 2.2 ± 0.9, respectively (P = 0.005). The adjusted mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for age for the depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease groups was 2.2 ± 0.17, 2.8 ± 0.15, and 2.2 ± 0.2, respectively (P = 0.025). Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analyses predicted that the sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis between depression and Alzheimer’s disease was 54.8% and 80%, respectively. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: This study suggested that a simple arithmetic calculation could help clinicians in the differential diagnosis between depression, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can be used as a secondary line of evidence, along with the initial clinical assessment.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"71 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89172206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Oğuzhanoğlu, T. Uğurlu, Kemalettin Acar, F. Atesci
A psychological and social perspective on completed suicides in Western Anatolia, Turkey: a case-control psychological autopsy study Objective: Aim of this study was an evaluation of the completed suicide rate as well as exploring what associated psychological and social factors might have increased the risk of death from suicide. Method: The study examines all adult suicide cases in the Province of Denizli that occurred between January 2009 and December 2010. In addition to examining the judicial f iles, interviews were conducted with the suicide victims’ relatives to elaborate the cases and evaluate the risk factors for suicide. For 19 of 53 suicide victims (35.9%), no interviews were conducted; telephone interviews were carried out with relatives of 27 of the victims (50.9%), and face-to-face interviews were held with relatives of 7 of the subjects (13.2%). Healthy controls were randomly chosen from the registers of 14 Denizli primary healthcare centers. The 31 control individuals were from a similar geographic area and social backgrounds as the case group. Results: Of the cases, 13.2% (n=7) were female, while 86.8% (n=46) were male. The mean age was 41.57±15.33 years. The total mean age of the control group was 42.84±16.98 years (p=0.725). The results of this study showed that a history of psychiatric disorder, prior suicide attempts, a history of alcohol abuse, stressful life events, and lack of social support/interaction were associated with suicide. Conclusion: Clinical and psychosocial factors such as a history of psychiatric disorder, unemployment, and financial or relationship problems increase the risk of suicide.
{"title":"A psychological and social perspective on completed suicides in Western Anatolia, Turkey: a case-control psychological autopsy study","authors":"N. Oğuzhanoğlu, T. Uğurlu, Kemalettin Acar, F. Atesci","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310401","url":null,"abstract":"A psychological and social perspective on completed suicides in Western Anatolia, Turkey: a case-control psychological autopsy study Objective: Aim of this study was an evaluation of the completed suicide rate as well as exploring what associated psychological and social factors might have increased the risk of death from suicide. Method: The study examines all adult suicide cases in the Province of Denizli that occurred between January 2009 and December 2010. In addition to examining the judicial f iles, interviews were conducted with the suicide victims’ relatives to elaborate the cases and evaluate the risk factors for suicide. For 19 of 53 suicide victims (35.9%), no interviews were conducted; telephone interviews were carried out with relatives of 27 of the victims (50.9%), and face-to-face interviews were held with relatives of 7 of the subjects (13.2%). Healthy controls were randomly chosen from the registers of 14 Denizli primary healthcare centers. The 31 control individuals were from a similar geographic area and social backgrounds as the case group. Results: Of the cases, 13.2% (n=7) were female, while 86.8% (n=46) were male. The mean age was 41.57±15.33 years. The total mean age of the control group was 42.84±16.98 years (p=0.725). The results of this study showed that a history of psychiatric disorder, prior suicide attempts, a history of alcohol abuse, stressful life events, and lack of social support/interaction were associated with suicide. Conclusion: Clinical and psychosocial factors such as a history of psychiatric disorder, unemployment, and financial or relationship problems increase the risk of suicide.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77835228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN20183104001
R. Kupka
Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, Volume 31, Number 4, December 2018 In an optimistic view, bipolar mood disorders are seen as episodic illnesses with complete remission after each episode that respond well to lithium. This clinical picture exists; however, among patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder there is a vast variety of clinical presentations, with differences in previous illness and treatment histories, treatment responses, and degrees of interepisode residual symptoms and cognitive or functional impairment. Some patients have an illness course somewhere in between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, conveniently classified as schizo-affective disorder. Moreover, patients may or may not have a family history of mood disorders, a personal biography complicated by traumatic life events, a comorbid anxiety disorder, substance abuse disorder, or personality disorder. Still, treatment practice, treatment guidelines, and clinical trials tend to disregard this heterogeneity, lumping patients together under the shared diagnosis of bipolar disorder, only to be differentiated into large subcategories such as bipolar I or bipolar II. Although the cross-sectional clinical syndromes of mania, hypomania, and depression may have many similarities among patients, it is in the longitudinal illness course where the individual differences become apparent. Some patients continue to thrive, even after repeated and sometimes severe mood episodes, while others show a gradual decline in psychosocial and cognitive functioning. It is therefore not surprising that treatment response and outcome may differ considerably within a group of bipolar patients, be it in an outpatient treatment program or in a formal clinical trial. In an era where early intervention and personalized treatment have become issues of growing interest, clinical staging of psychiatric disorders is one approach to deal with individual differences in illness progression, complementing current classification. In general medicine, the staging of progressive disorders is well established in areas such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Staging has prognostic significance and helps the clinician to decide which treatment is the most appropriate in an individual patient. Staging systems in psychiatry have been introduced some decades ago (1) but are hampered by the fact that the pathophysiology of psychiatric illness is still largely unknown and recognition of biomarkers is currently in its infancy. Disorders are entirely defined by their Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2018;31:329-330 Guest Editorial / Misafir Editoryal DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN20183104001
{"title":"Staging bipolar disorder: theoretical exercise or clinical reality?","authors":"R. Kupka","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN20183104001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN20183104001","url":null,"abstract":"Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, Volume 31, Number 4, December 2018 In an optimistic view, bipolar mood disorders are seen as episodic illnesses with complete remission after each episode that respond well to lithium. This clinical picture exists; however, among patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder there is a vast variety of clinical presentations, with differences in previous illness and treatment histories, treatment responses, and degrees of interepisode residual symptoms and cognitive or functional impairment. Some patients have an illness course somewhere in between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, conveniently classified as schizo-affective disorder. Moreover, patients may or may not have a family history of mood disorders, a personal biography complicated by traumatic life events, a comorbid anxiety disorder, substance abuse disorder, or personality disorder. Still, treatment practice, treatment guidelines, and clinical trials tend to disregard this heterogeneity, lumping patients together under the shared diagnosis of bipolar disorder, only to be differentiated into large subcategories such as bipolar I or bipolar II. Although the cross-sectional clinical syndromes of mania, hypomania, and depression may have many similarities among patients, it is in the longitudinal illness course where the individual differences become apparent. Some patients continue to thrive, even after repeated and sometimes severe mood episodes, while others show a gradual decline in psychosocial and cognitive functioning. It is therefore not surprising that treatment response and outcome may differ considerably within a group of bipolar patients, be it in an outpatient treatment program or in a formal clinical trial. In an era where early intervention and personalized treatment have become issues of growing interest, clinical staging of psychiatric disorders is one approach to deal with individual differences in illness progression, complementing current classification. In general medicine, the staging of progressive disorders is well established in areas such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Staging has prognostic significance and helps the clinician to decide which treatment is the most appropriate in an individual patient. Staging systems in psychiatry have been introduced some decades ago (1) but are hampered by the fact that the pathophysiology of psychiatric illness is still largely unknown and recognition of biomarkers is currently in its infancy. Disorders are entirely defined by their Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2018;31:329-330 Guest Editorial / Misafir Editoryal DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN20183104001","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute dystonia caused by clomipramine: a case report Drug-induced acute dystonia is a movement disorder that occurs most often with neuroleptics, though there are many drugs in its etiology. The exact mechanism of antidepressant-associated extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) is not known. However, hypotheses including inhibition of dopaminergic function in the nigrostriatal pathway, impaired balance between dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic or cholinergic activity, and serotonergic inhibition of dopaminergic functions in the striatum leading to extrapyramidal side effects have been suggested. The number of cases with acute dystonia during clomipramine use is low. We wish to draw attention to this rare side effect of clomipramine and to contribute to the literature by presenting a case of acute dystonia on the 5th day of clomipramine treatment in a 19-year-old male patient.
{"title":"Acute dystonia caused by clomipramine: a case report","authors":"Sema Baykara, M. F. Tabara, S. Korkmaz, M. Atmaca","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310408","url":null,"abstract":"Acute dystonia caused by clomipramine: a case report Drug-induced acute dystonia is a movement disorder that occurs most often with neuroleptics, though there are many drugs in its etiology. The exact mechanism of antidepressant-associated extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) is not known. However, hypotheses including inhibition of dopaminergic function in the nigrostriatal pathway, impaired balance between dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic or cholinergic activity, and serotonergic inhibition of dopaminergic functions in the striatum leading to extrapyramidal side effects have been suggested. The number of cases with acute dystonia during clomipramine use is low. We wish to draw attention to this rare side effect of clomipramine and to contribute to the literature by presenting a case of acute dystonia on the 5th day of clomipramine treatment in a 19-year-old male patient.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89161090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venlafaxine-induced hematuria and prostatism: a case report Hematuria and prostatism are important medical conditions affecting the quality of life. They are most often seen causally related to prostate hyperplasia but may also occur as a side effect of certain medications. Although the urogenital side effects of antidepressants are common in the literature, reports that indicate antidepressant induced hematuria are rare. Venlafaxine, an antidepressant that inhibits serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake, is used in clinical practice in a number of psychiatric disorders, especially in major depressive disorder. Although it is a safe and effective antidepressant, it can cause side effects. We present a 55-year-old man with hematuria and symptoms of prostatism starting after the use of venlafaxine that resolved after the withdrawal of venlafaxine. In the literature, symptoms of prostatism have been reported related to antidepressants that are effective through the noradrenaline mechanism, such as venlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, and reboxetine, but there are no reports on hematuria. As far as we know, this is the first report to present a case of venlafaxine-induced hematuria.
{"title":"Venlafaxine-induced hematuria and prostatism: a case report","authors":"İbrahim Gündoğmuş, A. Karagoz, A. Algul","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310411","url":null,"abstract":"Venlafaxine-induced hematuria and prostatism: a case report Hematuria and prostatism are important medical conditions affecting the quality of life. They are most often seen causally related to prostate hyperplasia but may also occur as a side effect of certain medications. Although the urogenital side effects of antidepressants are common in the literature, reports that indicate antidepressant induced hematuria are rare. Venlafaxine, an antidepressant that inhibits serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake, is used in clinical practice in a number of psychiatric disorders, especially in major depressive disorder. Although it is a safe and effective antidepressant, it can cause side effects. We present a 55-year-old man with hematuria and symptoms of prostatism starting after the use of venlafaxine that resolved after the withdrawal of venlafaxine. In the literature, symptoms of prostatism have been reported related to antidepressants that are effective through the noradrenaline mechanism, such as venlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, and reboxetine, but there are no reports on hematuria. As far as we know, this is the first report to present a case of venlafaxine-induced hematuria.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86889683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigating the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory (GMRI) to Turkish. Method: Three hundred and six adults who lost their spouse or one of their parents or siblings due to death in a period between 6 months and 10 years previously were included in the study. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire set including GMRI, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a demographic information form that was generated by the researchers. To investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the scale, exploratory factor analyses, parallel analysis, reliability analyses (Cronbach’s alpha), correlation analyses, and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that the Turkish form of the GMRI consisted of 27 items and 4 subscales. Parallel analysis also supported a four-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha values for the Turkish form of the GMRI were found to be similar to the original scale. Correlation analyses showed that the GMRI scores were strongly negatively correlated with both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. In addition, after controlling for the time elapsed since the loss, age of the bereaved, education level of the bereaved, and age of the deceased person, GMRI scores were found to be a significant negative predictor of BDI and STAI scores. Conclusion: This study showed that the Turkish version of the GMRI can be used in Turkish culture as a valid and reliable measurement tool.
{"title":"Investigating the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory","authors":"Emrah Keser, S. Işıklı","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310405","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory (GMRI) to Turkish. Method: Three hundred and six adults who lost their spouse or one of their parents or siblings due to death in a period between 6 months and 10 years previously were included in the study. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire set including GMRI, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a demographic information form that was generated by the researchers. To investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the scale, exploratory factor analyses, parallel analysis, reliability analyses (Cronbach’s alpha), correlation analyses, and regression analyses were conducted. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that the Turkish form of the GMRI consisted of 27 items and 4 subscales. Parallel analysis also supported a four-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha values for the Turkish form of the GMRI were found to be similar to the original scale. Correlation analyses showed that the GMRI scores were strongly negatively correlated with both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. In addition, after controlling for the time elapsed since the loss, age of the bereaved, education level of the bereaved, and age of the deceased person, GMRI scores were found to be a significant negative predictor of BDI and STAI scores. Conclusion: This study showed that the Turkish version of the GMRI can be used in Turkish culture as a valid and reliable measurement tool.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73663440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substance abuse in high school students: their self-efficacy to avoid substance abuse and related factors Objective: This study aimed at determining high school students’ self-efficacy in the prevention of substance abuse and identifying related factors, given that substance abuse, a major health problem both in Turkey and in other countries of the world, is on the increase not only among adolescents but even among primary school students. Method: The study population comprised 22,623 students (11,210 males, 11,413 females) in 37 high schools in the provincial center of Sivas. The study sample included 911 students (485 females, 426 males). The sample size was calculated using a formula for finite population sampling. The study data were collected using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire and the Self-Efficacy for Protecting Adolescences from Substance Abuse Scale. In the data analysis, frequency distribution, variance analysis (ANOVA), Student’s t test, Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used. Results: Of the participating students, 38.7% reported that they or people around them used a substance. The substances used were cigarettes (32.8%), alcohol (6.8%), bonsai (2.1%), bally (1.6%), cannabis (0.7%), and ecstasy (0.4%). The mean score on the Self-Efficacy for Protecting Adolescences from Substance Abuse Scale students who either used a substance themselves or had people around them who were substance users was 97.7±19.39, while the mean score for those who neither used a substance themselves nor had substance users in their environment was 102.24±18.51 (p=0.001). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). In the prevention of substance abuse, participants who were aged 17 years or older, had any illness, studied in a vocational high school, had a broken family, defined themselves as aggressive, had parents with a low education level, had a bad relationship with their family members, were not satisfied with school life, and had low academic achievement were found to have low self-efficacy (p<0.05). This was 1.46 times higher than in subjects who were not at risk of substance use among the members of the age group 17-19. Students with a history of illness were 0.53 times more likely to use drugs than healthy participants. Conclusion: It was concluded that studies should be carried out to improve self-efficacy to prevent substance abuse among high school students, particularly among those in the at-risk group.
{"title":"Substance abuse in high school students: their self-efficacy to avoid substance abuse and related factors","authors":"Sultan Uzun, M. Kelleci","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310404","url":null,"abstract":"Substance abuse in high school students: their self-efficacy to avoid substance abuse and related factors Objective: This study aimed at determining high school students’ self-efficacy in the prevention of substance abuse and identifying related factors, given that substance abuse, a major health problem both in Turkey and in other countries of the world, is on the increase not only among adolescents but even among primary school students. Method: The study population comprised 22,623 students (11,210 males, 11,413 females) in 37 high schools in the provincial center of Sivas. The study sample included 911 students (485 females, 426 males). The sample size was calculated using a formula for finite population sampling. The study data were collected using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire and the Self-Efficacy for Protecting Adolescences from Substance Abuse Scale. In the data analysis, frequency distribution, variance analysis (ANOVA), Student’s t test, Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used. Results: Of the participating students, 38.7% reported that they or people around them used a substance. The substances used were cigarettes (32.8%), alcohol (6.8%), bonsai (2.1%), bally (1.6%), cannabis (0.7%), and ecstasy (0.4%). The mean score on the Self-Efficacy for Protecting Adolescences from Substance Abuse Scale students who either used a substance themselves or had people around them who were substance users was 97.7±19.39, while the mean score for those who neither used a substance themselves nor had substance users in their environment was 102.24±18.51 (p=0.001). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). In the prevention of substance abuse, participants who were aged 17 years or older, had any illness, studied in a vocational high school, had a broken family, defined themselves as aggressive, had parents with a low education level, had a bad relationship with their family members, were not satisfied with school life, and had low academic achievement were found to have low self-efficacy (p<0.05). This was 1.46 times higher than in subjects who were not at risk of substance use among the members of the age group 17-19. Students with a history of illness were 0.53 times more likely to use drugs than healthy participants. Conclusion: It was concluded that studies should be carried out to improve self-efficacy to prevent substance abuse among high school students, particularly among those in the at-risk group.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72615843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A norm study of a neuropsychological test battery for evaluating cognitive functions in commercial airline pilots Objective: This study aims to establish a norm for Turkish commercial airl ine pilots with a neuropsychological test battery that has been prepared specif ically for pilots. The test battery assesses all of the attention components that are critical for piloting: working memory, information processing rate, mental flexibility, reaction time, set switching, inhibiting cognitive interference, several parameters of short/long term visual memory, and spatial comprehension. Method: The study included 147 healthy commercial airline pilots, of whom 144 were men and 3 women. The participants were divided into four age groups: 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, and 50 years and above. They were given the following tests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Digit Span, Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Reaction Time Test (RTT), d2 Test of Attention (d2TA), Stroop Test (ST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Visual Elevator Test (VET), and Judgement of Line Orientation Test (JLO). Results: There was a relation between age and military vs. civilian background, type of bachelor’s degree, and flight experience, but no relation was found between age and hand dominance. It was found that there was a signif icant difference in all test scores between age groups except for CPT scores, d2 Test percentage of errors and total number of errors, ST 1st, 2nd, 5th card self-corrections and 3rd card errors, TMT A and B Form errors, and VET switching numbers. Conclusion: It was concluded that commercial airline pilots’ neuropsychological test scores differ according to age but not by hand dominance. The importance of pilot norms and the necessity of comparing pilots according to professional norms was highlighted in the discussion.
{"title":"A norm study of a neuropsychological test battery for evaluating cognitive functions in commercial airline pilots","authors":"Z. Arıkan, Dijan Ertemir, Cahit Keskinkiliç","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310406","url":null,"abstract":"A norm study of a neuropsychological test battery for evaluating cognitive functions in commercial airline pilots Objective: This study aims to establish a norm for Turkish commercial airl ine pilots with a neuropsychological test battery that has been prepared specif ically for pilots. The test battery assesses all of the attention components that are critical for piloting: working memory, information processing rate, mental flexibility, reaction time, set switching, inhibiting cognitive interference, several parameters of short/long term visual memory, and spatial comprehension. Method: The study included 147 healthy commercial airline pilots, of whom 144 were men and 3 women. The participants were divided into four age groups: 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, and 50 years and above. They were given the following tests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Digit Span, Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Reaction Time Test (RTT), d2 Test of Attention (d2TA), Stroop Test (ST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Visual Elevator Test (VET), and Judgement of Line Orientation Test (JLO). Results: There was a relation between age and military vs. civilian background, type of bachelor’s degree, and flight experience, but no relation was found between age and hand dominance. It was found that there was a signif icant difference in all test scores between age groups except for CPT scores, d2 Test percentage of errors and total number of errors, ST 1st, 2nd, 5th card self-corrections and 3rd card errors, TMT A and B Form errors, and VET switching numbers. Conclusion: It was concluded that commercial airline pilots’ neuropsychological test scores differ according to age but not by hand dominance. The importance of pilot norms and the necessity of comparing pilots according to professional norms was highlighted in the discussion.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72585460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fırat, G. Ü. Bolat, Hesna Gul, Muharrem Burak Baytunca, Burcu Kardaş, A. Aysev, E. Ercan
Barkley Child Attention Scale validity and reliability study Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) for 6to 12-year-old children. Method: This study was conducted with 291 children (of an age of 6-12 years) with a clinically normal level of intelligence and a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The structure validity of the scale was studied by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In order to evaluate the measuredependent validity of the scale, Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) parental form were used. Reliability of the scale was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consists of two factors called “daydreaming” and “sluggish,” as is the case in its original form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices of the scale were at an acceptable level. The correlation analysis study for the criterion-related validity study of the scale revealed that Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) had a positive correlation with ADHD-IN and internalization problems, a negative correlation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivityimpulsivity (ADHD-HI), and no correlation with externalization problems. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the BCAS is 0.86 and the scale is seen to be reliable. Conclusion: It can be said that the BCAS is a valid and reliable scale that can measure sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms of 6to 12-year-old children.
巴克利儿童注意量表效度和信度研究目的:本研究的目的是检验6 ~ 12岁儿童巴克利儿童注意量表(BCAS)的心理测量学特征。方法:研究对象为291名临床智力正常且诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童(年龄6-12岁)。采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对量表的结构效度进行了研究。为了评估量表的测量依赖效度，使用了6-18岁儿童行为检查表和Swanson, Nolan and Pelham问卷(SNAP-IV)家长表格。量表的信度采用Cronbach’s alpha系数来衡量。结果:探索性因子分析的结果是，量表由两个因子组成，分别是“白日梦”和“呆滞”，与最初的形式一样。验证性因子分析表明，量表的拟合指标处于可接受的水平。对量表标准效度的相关分析研究发现，迟缓认知节奏(SCT)与ADHD-IN和内化问题呈正相关，与ADHD-HI呈负相关，与外化问题无相关性。BCAS的Cronbach’s alpha系数为0.86，量表是可靠的。结论:BCAS是一种有效、可靠的6 ~ 12岁儿童认知节奏迟缓症状量表。
{"title":"Barkley Child Attention Scale validity and reliability study","authors":"S. Fırat, G. Ü. Bolat, Hesna Gul, Muharrem Burak Baytunca, Burcu Kardaş, A. Aysev, E. Ercan","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310306","url":null,"abstract":"Barkley Child Attention Scale validity and reliability study Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) for 6to 12-year-old children. Method: This study was conducted with 291 children (of an age of 6-12 years) with a clinically normal level of intelligence and a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The structure validity of the scale was studied by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In order to evaluate the measuredependent validity of the scale, Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) parental form were used. Reliability of the scale was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consists of two factors called “daydreaming” and “sluggish,” as is the case in its original form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices of the scale were at an acceptable level. The correlation analysis study for the criterion-related validity study of the scale revealed that Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) had a positive correlation with ADHD-IN and internalization problems, a negative correlation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperactivityimpulsivity (ADHD-HI), and no correlation with externalization problems. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the BCAS is 0.86 and the scale is seen to be reliable. Conclusion: It can be said that the BCAS is a valid and reliable scale that can measure sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms of 6to 12-year-old children.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86414544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Correlation of anxiety and depression levels with attitudes towards coping with illness and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of anxiety and depression levels of breast cancer patients that had completed a year since receiving the diagnosis with their sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes towards coping with their disease. Method: This study was conducted with 94 female patients between the ages of 35 and 65 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and who were treated at the Oncology Department of Cukurova University’s Faculty of Medicine between June 5 and July 31, 2017. Data were collected via a personal information form prepared by the investigator, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and COPE inventory. Results: It was found that 27.7% and 16.0% of patients with breast cancer who had completed one year of treatment and had not presented or been referred to psychiatry experienced clinically relevant anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. A positive relationship was found between depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients (p<0.05, r=0.68). The level of anxiety was higher in patients who were not sufficiently informed about the disease (p=0.014) and who thought that the partner was behaving more distant (p=0.019). Patients between the ages of 35 and 44 years were found to be more depressive and anxious than those at age 55-65 (p=0.006 and p=0.010, respectively). It was found that primary school graduates were more likely to use “religious coping” (p=0.02) and university graduates were more likely to use “humor” (p=0.04). In addition, “positive reinterpretation” and “planning” attitudes were found to be more common in those with sufficient knowledge of the disease (p=0.045 and p=0.01, respectively). There was a negative correlation between depression and “mental disengagement” (p=0.011) and “active coping” (p=0.008). There was a positive relationship between anxiety and “use of emotional social support” (p=0.038). Conclusion: In our study, sufficient information about the disease and the partner’s behavior were found to be associated with anxiety in breast cancer patients, and coping attitudes were found to be effective regarding depression and development of anxiety. Addressing the psychological effects of breast cancer and giving importance to psychosocial interventions and coping attitudes have been considered preventive factors in the development of depression and anxiety.
{"title":"Correlation of anxiety and depression levels with attitudes towards coping with illness and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer","authors":"Rabia Geyikci, S. Çakmak, M. Demirkol, S. Uguz","doi":"10.5350/DAJPN2018310302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310302","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation of anxiety and depression levels with attitudes towards coping with illness and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of anxiety and depression levels of breast cancer patients that had completed a year since receiving the diagnosis with their sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes towards coping with their disease. Method: This study was conducted with 94 female patients between the ages of 35 and 65 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and who were treated at the Oncology Department of Cukurova University’s Faculty of Medicine between June 5 and July 31, 2017. Data were collected via a personal information form prepared by the investigator, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and COPE inventory. Results: It was found that 27.7% and 16.0% of patients with breast cancer who had completed one year of treatment and had not presented or been referred to psychiatry experienced clinically relevant anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. A positive relationship was found between depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients (p<0.05, r=0.68). The level of anxiety was higher in patients who were not sufficiently informed about the disease (p=0.014) and who thought that the partner was behaving more distant (p=0.019). Patients between the ages of 35 and 44 years were found to be more depressive and anxious than those at age 55-65 (p=0.006 and p=0.010, respectively). It was found that primary school graduates were more likely to use “religious coping” (p=0.02) and university graduates were more likely to use “humor” (p=0.04). In addition, “positive reinterpretation” and “planning” attitudes were found to be more common in those with sufficient knowledge of the disease (p=0.045 and p=0.01, respectively). There was a negative correlation between depression and “mental disengagement” (p=0.011) and “active coping” (p=0.008). There was a positive relationship between anxiety and “use of emotional social support” (p=0.038). Conclusion: In our study, sufficient information about the disease and the partner’s behavior were found to be associated with anxiety in breast cancer patients, and coping attitudes were found to be effective regarding depression and development of anxiety. Addressing the psychological effects of breast cancer and giving importance to psychosocial interventions and coping attitudes have been considered preventive factors in the development of depression and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":11480,"journal":{"name":"Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87256135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：