{"title":"Night and Day: Is Restoration Ecology in the Dark?","authors":"S. Handel","doi":"10.3368/er.39.4.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.4.215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"215 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
177 Hurricane Disturbance and Tropical Tree Species Diversity. 2000. Vandermeer, J., Dept. of Biotogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, jvander@umich.edu; I. Granzow de la Cerda, D. Boucher, I. Perfecto, and Javier J. Ruiz. Science 290(5492):788-791. The so-called intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that very large or small disturbances in tropical forests will not prevent suppression of a tree species--that only intermediate disturbances, such as tree-fall gaps, have this effect. To test this hypothesis, the authors examined whether large disturbances also suppress species. They used studies of post-hurricane forest succession that began in February 1989 to examine the pattern of species accumulation on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua after the large disturbance caused by Hurricane Joan in 1988. Their analysis shows that the pattern after a hurricane differs from that after a single tree-fall disturbance. They conclude that pioneer trees do not respond well after large disturbances and do not suppress other species like they do following smaller disturbances.
177飓风扰动与热带树种多样性。2000年，Vandermeer，J.，密歇根大学生物系，密歇根州安娜堡48109，jvander@umich.edu；I.Granzow de la Cerda、D.Boucher、I.Perfecto和Javier J.Ruiz。《科学》290（5492）：788-791。所谓的中间干扰假说指出，热带森林中非常大或很小的干扰不会阻止对一个树种的抑制——只有中间干扰，如树木坠落间隙，才会产生这种影响。为了验证这一假设，作者研究了大型扰动是否也会抑制物种。他们利用1989年2月开始的飓风后森林演替研究，研究了1988年飓风琼造成的大规模扰动后尼加拉瓜加勒比海海岸的物种积累模式。他们的分析表明，飓风过后的模式与单一树木坠落扰动后的模式不同。他们得出的结论是，先锋树在大扰动后反应不佳，也不会像在小扰动后那样抑制其他物种。
{"title":"WETLANDS","authors":"","doi":"10.3368/er.19.4.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.19.4.256","url":null,"abstract":"177 Hurricane Disturbance and Tropical Tree Species Diversity. 2000. Vandermeer, J., Dept. of Biotogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, jvander@umich.edu; I. Granzow de la Cerda, D. Boucher, I. Perfecto, and Javier J. Ruiz. Science 290(5492):788-791. The so-called intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that very large or small disturbances in tropical forests will not prevent suppression of a tree species--that only intermediate disturbances, such as tree-fall gaps, have this effect. To test this hypothesis, the authors examined whether large disturbances also suppress species. They used studies of post-hurricane forest succession that began in February 1989 to examine the pattern of species accumulation on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua after the large disturbance caused by Hurricane Joan in 1988. Their analysis shows that the pattern after a hurricane differs from that after a single tree-fall disturbance. They conclude that pioneer trees do not respond well after large disturbances and do not suppress other species like they do following smaller disturbances.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"19 1","pages":"256 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48660143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian tropical forests have among the highest rates of forest loss in the world. Ecological restoration is a vital step for biodiversity maintenance and climate change mitigation. For restoration practice, evaluation of species performance at early stages is crucial to avoid failure of the efforts and for screening species suitable to a region. Though the long-term performance of restoration plantings has been well-documented, few studies have evaluated the performance during the establishment of the planted saplings, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Restoration efforts in Northeast India, a region experiencing high forest loss, is limited by the lack of species-specific data on survival and growth. We compared inter-specific variation in seasonal survival and growth rates (diameter and height) for multiple native rainforest species from this region. We planted 3022 saplings of 50 species at a degraded open forest site. After 18 months, sapling survival varied between 9.1–94.3% for 32 species, and only six species showed “excellent” survival after 18 months. Eight out of 17 species that were tested for seasonal variation in survival showed significant differences in survival between seasons. While the diameter growth rate varied for species between seasons, the height growth rate was different between both species and season, but the interaction term between species and season was not significant. Certain animal-dispersed, medium to large-seeded primary forest species performed well and are vital for future restoration efforts in this region.
{"title":"Tropical Forest Restoration in the Eastern Himalaya: Evaluating Early Survival and Growth of Native Tree Species","authors":"Noopur Borawake, A. Datta, Rohit Naniwadekar","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.194","url":null,"abstract":"Asian tropical forests have among the highest rates of forest loss in the world. Ecological restoration is a vital step for biodiversity maintenance and climate change mitigation. For restoration practice, evaluation of species performance at early stages is crucial to avoid failure of the efforts and for screening species suitable to a region. Though the long-term performance of restoration plantings has been well-documented, few studies have evaluated the performance during the establishment of the planted saplings, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Restoration efforts in Northeast India, a region experiencing high forest loss, is limited by the lack of species-specific data on survival and growth. We compared inter-specific variation in seasonal survival and growth rates (diameter and height) for multiple native rainforest species from this region. We planted 3022 saplings of 50 species at a degraded open forest site. After 18 months, sapling survival varied between 9.1–94.3% for 32 species, and only six species showed “excellent” survival after 18 months. Eight out of 17 species that were tested for seasonal variation in survival showed significant differences in survival between seasons. While the diameter growth rate varied for species between seasons, the height growth rate was different between both species and season, but the interaction term between species and season was not significant. Certain animal-dispersed, medium to large-seeded primary forest species performed well and are vital for future restoration efforts in this region.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"52 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46721574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. García‐de‐Lomas, Laura Plaza, I. Martín, L. Fernández, Yolanda Belmonte, M. Maldonado, N.B.U. Garcia, Eugenio Mallofret, E. Martínez, C. Rodríguez
{"title":"Revegetation of Coastal Dunes: Which Species to Choose?","authors":"J. García‐de‐Lomas, Laura Plaza, I. Martín, L. Fernández, Yolanda Belmonte, M. Maldonado, N.B.U. Garcia, Eugenio Mallofret, E. Martínez, C. Rodríguez","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"144 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deadwood, Take a Bow","authors":"S. Handel","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"142 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harsh conditions hinder the establishment of trees in restoration of forests. Management options to increase survival such as watering or shading may be costly or infeasible. However, low-cost techniques like soil amendment with biochar (which enhances growth environment) and soil transfers (which introduces beneficial microbes) may increase establishment success. To assess the potential effects of biochar and forest soil transfers on woody plants performance we followed a two-pronged approach. We conducted a meta-analysis on the use of biochar on woody plants in various restoration contexts. We also carried out a field experiment where tree seedlings of Quercus rubra were transplanted in three restoration settings. Seedlings were planted under four treatments: soil inoculation and biochar (SB), only biochar (BC), only soil inoculation (SI), and control (C). We then monitored seedlings growth and survival. Results from the meta-analysis suggest positive effects of biochar on woody plant biomass, with an overall effect size of 0.03 ± 0.03 (mean ± SD) overall. However, effects varied widely among the genera analyzed and were negative for Quercus (-0.04 ± 0.002). In our field experiment, although we did not find significant differences among treatments, highest survival probability resulted under SI (mean ± SD, 0.11 ± 0.03) and lowest under C (0.04 ± 0.02). There was no effect of treatment on seedling biomass. Results from our two analyses indicate that the use of either, or both, soil amendment techniques may not be effective in all systems, therefore, these should be tailored to suit the focal species and ecosystem.
{"title":"Biochar Application and Soil Transfer in Tree Restoration: A Meta-Analysis and Field Experiment","authors":"Edith Juno, I. Ibáñez","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.158","url":null,"abstract":"Harsh conditions hinder the establishment of trees in restoration of forests. Management options to increase survival such as watering or shading may be costly or infeasible. However, low-cost techniques like soil amendment with biochar (which enhances growth environment) and soil transfers (which introduces beneficial microbes) may increase establishment success. To assess the potential effects of biochar and forest soil transfers on woody plants performance we followed a two-pronged approach. We conducted a meta-analysis on the use of biochar on woody plants in various restoration contexts. We also carried out a field experiment where tree seedlings of Quercus rubra were transplanted in three restoration settings. Seedlings were planted under four treatments: soil inoculation and biochar (SB), only biochar (BC), only soil inoculation (SI), and control (C). We then monitored seedlings growth and survival. Results from the meta-analysis suggest positive effects of biochar on woody plant biomass, with an overall effect size of 0.03 ± 0.03 (mean ± SD) overall. However, effects varied widely among the genera analyzed and were negative for Quercus (-0.04 ± 0.002). In our field experiment, although we did not find significant differences among treatments, highest survival probability resulted under SI (mean ± SD, 0.11 ± 0.03) and lowest under C (0.04 ± 0.02). There was no effect of treatment on seedling biomass. Results from our two analyses indicate that the use of either, or both, soil amendment techniques may not be effective in all systems, therefore, these should be tailored to suit the focal species and ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"158 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Peters, Sara N. Schoen, Morgan L. Rhodes, H. Griscom
{"title":"Up Smith Creek without a Paddle: A Case Study on the Barriers to Stream Restoration Assessment","authors":"J. Peters, Sara N. Schoen, Morgan L. Rhodes, H. Griscom","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"151 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46202124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations of Nocturnal Upland Habitat Use by the Rana Draytonii (California Red-Legged Frog), and Implications for Restoration and Other Activities","authors":"J. Alvarez, Jeffery T. Wilcox","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"155 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A clonal tree species, Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) typically regenerates from root suckers following forest fire but is also capable of reproducing via small, wind-dispersed seeds. On land reclaimed following oil sands mining in northeastern Alberta, aspen forests are naturally regenerating from seed in contrast to nearby fire-origin stands that are regenerating, predominantly, from root suckers. This study compares relationships between developing canopies and understory vegetation communities for aspen stands originating from forest fire and from land reclamation activities utilizing forest floor—mineral mix (FFMM) and peat—mineral mix (PMM) cover soils. Across all stand types, understory biomass was negatively related to canopy stem density, indicating competitive interactions are beginning to structure the vegetation six years following disturbance. However, several understory components exhibited differential responses to developing forest canopies in natural and reclaimed sites. Positive correlations between overstory and understory components in fire-origin stands were driven by native flora while negative correlations on PMM reclamation soils were driven by non-native species. On FFMM reclamation soils both positive correlations with native species and negative correlations with non-native species were seen. The negative relationships point to non-native forbs inhibiting the establishment or growth of aspen seedlings on reclamation sites. In contrast, native species were associated with greater canopy densities in fire-origin stands where an open seed bed was not required for establishment. Although precise mechanisms are difficult to determine, it is clear that after six years of growth, different processes are influencing plant community development in reclaimed versus fire-origin boreal aspen stands.
{"title":"Relationships between Overstory and Understory Components of Young Natural and Reconstructed Boreal Aspen Stands","authors":"R. Errington, B. Pinno","doi":"10.3368/er.39.3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.3.182","url":null,"abstract":"A clonal tree species, Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) typically regenerates from root suckers following forest fire but is also capable of reproducing via small, wind-dispersed seeds. On land reclaimed following oil sands mining in northeastern Alberta, aspen forests are naturally regenerating from seed in contrast to nearby fire-origin stands that are regenerating, predominantly, from root suckers. This study compares relationships between developing canopies and understory vegetation communities for aspen stands originating from forest fire and from land reclamation activities utilizing forest floor—mineral mix (FFMM) and peat—mineral mix (PMM) cover soils. Across all stand types, understory biomass was negatively related to canopy stem density, indicating competitive interactions are beginning to structure the vegetation six years following disturbance. However, several understory components exhibited differential responses to developing forest canopies in natural and reclaimed sites. Positive correlations between overstory and understory components in fire-origin stands were driven by native flora while negative correlations on PMM reclamation soils were driven by non-native species. On FFMM reclamation soils both positive correlations with native species and negative correlations with non-native species were seen. The negative relationships point to non-native forbs inhibiting the establishment or growth of aspen seedlings on reclamation sites. In contrast, native species were associated with greater canopy densities in fire-origin stands where an open seed bed was not required for establishment. Although precise mechanisms are difficult to determine, it is clear that after six years of growth, different processes are influencing plant community development in reclaimed versus fire-origin boreal aspen stands.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"39 1","pages":"182 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45189644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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