Steven O. Link, Lindsay A. Chiono, Mason K. Murphy
{"title":"Using Hot Foam to Control an Invasive Annual, Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), before Seeding","authors":"Steven O. Link, Lindsay A. Chiono, Mason K. Murphy","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"41 1","pages":"157 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denis G. Conover, Olivia M. Canterbury, Samantha A. Al-Bayer
{"title":"Evidence for an Arboretum as a Point Source of Exotic Invasive Plants in Cincinnati, Ohio","authors":"Denis G. Conover, Olivia M. Canterbury, Samantha A. Al-Bayer","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"56 1","pages":"160 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer C. Langill, M. Crossland, Marlène Elias, Barbara Vinceti, Ana Maria Paez Valencia, Alain Traoré, Daouda Traoré
ABSTRACT Within the global literature on ecological restoration, a subset of literature examines the relationship between smallholder land restoration and rural outmigration. However, intrahousehold dynamics surrounding the outmigration of one or more household members and the capacity of the household to undertake land restoration activities are often overlooked. With analyses rooted in Burkina Faso and Kenya, we explore the relationships between restoration, household labor, and rural outmigration, which is a prominent livelihood strategy in the two contexts. Our case studies draw on data from interviews, focus group discussions, and small-n household surveys in Burkina Faso and Kenya. Our analysis substantiates the need to consider migration in understanding and promoting smallholder land restoration. Our multi-sited approach further reveals that the contextually-specific characteristics of the migration event (i.e., type of migration [permanent or temporary], position of the migrant within the household, timing and duration of migration) play an important role in shaping restoration and gender outcomes. As male heads of households or their sons outmigrate periodically in Kenya compared to young men leaving seasonally in Burkina Faso, the impacts of migration on intrahousehold gender relations are more transformative in the Kenyan case study, with women garnering greater decision-making power on the family farm and in land restoration activities, whereas entrenched gender norms in the Burkina Faso case remain unchallenged by migration.
{"title":"Land Restoration Amid Male Outmigration","authors":"Jennifer C. Langill, M. Crossland, Marlène Elias, Barbara Vinceti, Ana Maria Paez Valencia, Alain Traoré, Daouda Traoré","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.220","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Within the global literature on ecological restoration, a subset of literature examines the relationship between smallholder land restoration and rural outmigration. However, intrahousehold dynamics surrounding the outmigration of one or more household members and the capacity of the household to undertake land restoration activities are often overlooked. With analyses rooted in Burkina Faso and Kenya, we explore the relationships between restoration, household labor, and rural outmigration, which is a prominent livelihood strategy in the two contexts. Our case studies draw on data from interviews, focus group discussions, and small-n household surveys in Burkina Faso and Kenya. Our analysis substantiates the need to consider migration in understanding and promoting smallholder land restoration. Our multi-sited approach further reveals that the contextually-specific characteristics of the migration event (i.e., type of migration [permanent or temporary], position of the migrant within the household, timing and duration of migration) play an important role in shaping restoration and gender outcomes. As male heads of households or their sons outmigrate periodically in Kenya compared to young men leaving seasonally in Burkina Faso, the impacts of migration on intrahousehold gender relations are more transformative in the Kenyan case study, with women garnering greater decision-making power on the family farm and in land restoration activities, whereas entrenched gender norms in the Burkina Faso case remain unchallenged by migration.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"63 1","pages":"220 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Disturbances such as grazing, fire, and burrowing are historically important in North American grasslands, and plans for restoring disturbance regimes are often required for successful restoration. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has become the dominant grassland restoration mechanism in many areas, and requires planned disturbances known as mid-contract management (MCM). We recorded evidence of MCM in CRP fields across a 14-state region of the western and central United States, then revisited fields after one to five years to characterize bare ground and vegetative cover and composition using edge-of-road visual surveys. We found a reduced cover of grasses up to five years after MCM, and a concomitant increased cover of flowering forbs and diversity of pollinator-friendly forbs. There was little measurable change in overall plant cover or bare ground cover between one and five years after MCM, though bare soil cover did increase slightly. Baseline tree and shrub covers were very low on average but highly variable due to outliers with high woody cover. After MCM, the presence of woody vegetation remained low and relatively constant. Grazing and haying resulted in a lower probability of noxious grass presence than mowing or disking, but haying and disking were better for inhibiting the presence of noxious forbs. These results show that MCM can be a useful tool for maintaining vegetation quality. The results also point to an important need to understand factors that influence the effects of MCM, including disturbance technique, disturbance frequency, drought, and climate.
{"title":"Mid-contract Management Alters Conservation Reserve Program Vegetation in the Central and Western United States","authors":"K. Elgersma, M. Vandever, Ai Wen","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disturbances such as grazing, fire, and burrowing are historically important in North American grasslands, and plans for restoring disturbance regimes are often required for successful restoration. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has become the dominant grassland restoration mechanism in many areas, and requires planned disturbances known as mid-contract management (MCM). We recorded evidence of MCM in CRP fields across a 14-state region of the western and central United States, then revisited fields after one to five years to characterize bare ground and vegetative cover and composition using edge-of-road visual surveys. We found a reduced cover of grasses up to five years after MCM, and a concomitant increased cover of flowering forbs and diversity of pollinator-friendly forbs. There was little measurable change in overall plant cover or bare ground cover between one and five years after MCM, though bare soil cover did increase slightly. Baseline tree and shrub covers were very low on average but highly variable due to outliers with high woody cover. After MCM, the presence of woody vegetation remained low and relatively constant. Grazing and haying resulted in a lower probability of noxious grass presence than mowing or disking, but haying and disking were better for inhibiting the presence of noxious forbs. These results show that MCM can be a useful tool for maintaining vegetation quality. The results also point to an important need to understand factors that influence the effects of MCM, including disturbance technique, disturbance frequency, drought, and climate.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"7 1","pages":"169 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie M. West, David H. Branson, J. M. Muscha, Joshua W. Campbell
ABSTRACT Plant invasions can change native communities in complex ways. Restoring invasion-altered habitats starts with invader removal, and imposes significant physical and compositional changes. Restoration facilitates desirable plant community development, but arthropod community responses to removal and the timelines required for native vegetation establishment are difficult to predict. We examined initial effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) removal on arthropod communities during a long-term experiment evaluating the combined consequences of invasive shrub removal and plant community restoration. We sampled E. angustifolia-invaded areas pre-removal (2010) and post-removal (2013) using sweep netting, and identified arthropods to family level. We found greater variation in the arthropod community composition within removal blocks than within invaded blocks after two years. These shifts resulted from changes in the relative abundance of community members (e.g., Dictynidae (Araneae), Culicidae (Diptera), and Cicadellidae (Hemiptera)), rather than overall richness or diversity. This response is likely due to increased plant diversity in E. angustifolia removal sites but also structural differences in vegetation cover after removal. Removing a dominant structural element like E. angustifolia instantly changes the successional stage of the ecosystem. Thus, restoration managers should consider methods that maintain structural continuity during restoration implementation. Arthropods provide important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and pollination and serve as a prey base for higher trophic levels. Thus, understanding how arthropod communities change after plant restoration events is vital to assessing future management decisions to limit ecosystem impacts of invasive plants and their management.
摘要 植物入侵会以复杂的方式改变本地群落。恢复被入侵改变的栖息地首先要清除入侵者，这将带来巨大的物理和成分变化。恢复有利于理想植物群落的发展，但节肢动物群落对移除的反应以及原生植被建立所需的时间很难预测。我们在一项长期实验中考察了移除俄罗斯橄榄（Elaeagnus angustifolia）对节肢动物群落的初步影响，该实验评估了移除入侵灌木和植物群落恢复的综合后果。我们在移除前（2010 年）和移除后（2013 年）对俄罗斯榄属植物入侵区域进行了取样，并对节肢动物进行了科级鉴定。我们发现，两年后，移除区块内节肢动物群落组成的变化大于入侵区块内的变化。这些变化源于群落成员（如鹤形目（Dictynidae）、双翅目（Culicidae）和半翅目（Cicadellidae））相对丰度的变化，而非总体丰富度或多样性的变化。这种反应可能是由于移除 E. angustifolia 的地点植物多样性增加，但也可能是由于移除后植被覆盖的结构差异。移除像 E. angustifolia 这样的主要结构元素会立即改变生态系统的演替阶段。因此，恢复管理者应考虑在实施恢复过程中保持结构连续性的方法。节肢动物提供重要的生态系统服务，如养分循环和授粉，并为更高营养级提供猎物。因此，了解节肢动物群落在植物恢复活动后如何变化，对于评估未来的管理决策以限制入侵植物及其管理对生态系统的影响至关重要。
{"title":"Early Impacts of Invasive Shrub Removal on Riparian Arthropod Communities","authors":"Natalie M. West, David H. Branson, J. M. Muscha, Joshua W. Campbell","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plant invasions can change native communities in complex ways. Restoring invasion-altered habitats starts with invader removal, and imposes significant physical and compositional changes. Restoration facilitates desirable plant community development, but arthropod community responses to removal and the timelines required for native vegetation establishment are difficult to predict. We examined initial effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) removal on arthropod communities during a long-term experiment evaluating the combined consequences of invasive shrub removal and plant community restoration. We sampled E. angustifolia-invaded areas pre-removal (2010) and post-removal (2013) using sweep netting, and identified arthropods to family level. We found greater variation in the arthropod community composition within removal blocks than within invaded blocks after two years. These shifts resulted from changes in the relative abundance of community members (e.g., Dictynidae (Araneae), Culicidae (Diptera), and Cicadellidae (Hemiptera)), rather than overall richness or diversity. This response is likely due to increased plant diversity in E. angustifolia removal sites but also structural differences in vegetation cover after removal. Removing a dominant structural element like E. angustifolia instantly changes the successional stage of the ecosystem. Thus, restoration managers should consider methods that maintain structural continuity during restoration implementation. Arthropods provide important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and pollination and serve as a prey base for higher trophic levels. Thus, understanding how arthropod communities change after plant restoration events is vital to assessing future management decisions to limit ecosystem impacts of invasive plants and their management.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"30 1","pages":"189 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary J. Beneduci, Drew A. Scott, S. Byrd, Rebecca M. Swab
ABSTRACT More than 2.5 million hectares have been impacted by coal mining in the Appalachian region of the United States. Revegetation to forested cover is a desirable post-mining land use but is often impractical given the challenges of reforestation on abandoned coal mines. Considering a prospective pollination crisis and the potential value of habitat restoration for pollinators, prairie restoration on mine lands offers a practical restoration option. We tested the effect of native prairie restoration in comparison to traditional reclamation with non-native cool-season grassland on pollinator richness, diversity, and community structure at three mined sites in southeastern Ohio. Rather than treatment level effects, we found correlations between overall floral and pollinator richness and beta diversity, as well as varied pollinator diversity and distinct community composition by month. Therefore, judicious design of prairie restoration seed mixes could increase floral diversity and provide across-season forage for pollinators in post-mining landscapes. Our findings also suggest, by the presence of several specialist/uncommon pollinators, that prairie restorations on coal mines can provide habitat for at-risk pollinators.
{"title":"We Built It; Did They Come? Pollinator Diversity and Community Structure in a Post-Mining Prairie Restoration Project","authors":"Zachary J. Beneduci, Drew A. Scott, S. Byrd, Rebecca M. Swab","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT More than 2.5 million hectares have been impacted by coal mining in the Appalachian region of the United States. Revegetation to forested cover is a desirable post-mining land use but is often impractical given the challenges of reforestation on abandoned coal mines. Considering a prospective pollination crisis and the potential value of habitat restoration for pollinators, prairie restoration on mine lands offers a practical restoration option. We tested the effect of native prairie restoration in comparison to traditional reclamation with non-native cool-season grassland on pollinator richness, diversity, and community structure at three mined sites in southeastern Ohio. Rather than treatment level effects, we found correlations between overall floral and pollinator richness and beta diversity, as well as varied pollinator diversity and distinct community composition by month. Therefore, judicious design of prairie restoration seed mixes could increase floral diversity and provide across-season forage for pollinators in post-mining landscapes. Our findings also suggest, by the presence of several specialist/uncommon pollinators, that prairie restorations on coal mines can provide habitat for at-risk pollinators.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"1 1","pages":"180 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The ability of temperate forest herbaceous species to recover from anthropogenic disturbance and to colonize new secondary woods is limited by both seed shortage (lack of dispersal) and suitable safe sites (sites where seedling establishment is possible). In this study, which originated in 1998–99, I added seeds of 14 species, including six phylogenetically related pairs classified as common or restricted in distribution, to both occupied and unoccupied upland forest sites. I recorded emergence the first year and followed yearly survival for an additional five years. Adding seeds resulted in flowering individuals for 12 of the 14 species and an additional species established by vegetative spread. I concluded that dispersal, rather than safe sites, was most limiting. Species with restricted distributions, which also have larger seeds than related common species, had higher survivorship over five years. Minimum longevity ranged from 8–18 years, suggesting that once on site, long-term persistence is possible. A practical implication of these results is that limited funding and other resources can be focused on seed addition techniques, particularly for larger-seeded species. Because the mean age to first flowering was six years, a second practical implication is that the traditional monitoring protocol of following plants through to reproduction as a measure of restoration success may be difficult for many long-lived species. Using “citizen scientists” to monitor may help make long-term monitoring more feasible beyond the limited time frame of grant funding.
{"title":"Demography, Time to First Flowering and Longevity of 14 Temperate Forest Herbaceous Species, Iowa, USA","authors":"Catherine Mabry McMullen","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ability of temperate forest herbaceous species to recover from anthropogenic disturbance and to colonize new secondary woods is limited by both seed shortage (lack of dispersal) and suitable safe sites (sites where seedling establishment is possible). In this study, which originated in 1998–99, I added seeds of 14 species, including six phylogenetically related pairs classified as common or restricted in distribution, to both occupied and unoccupied upland forest sites. I recorded emergence the first year and followed yearly survival for an additional five years. Adding seeds resulted in flowering individuals for 12 of the 14 species and an additional species established by vegetative spread. I concluded that dispersal, rather than safe sites, was most limiting. Species with restricted distributions, which also have larger seeds than related common species, had higher survivorship over five years. Minimum longevity ranged from 8–18 years, suggesting that once on site, long-term persistence is possible. A practical implication of these results is that limited funding and other resources can be focused on seed addition techniques, particularly for larger-seeded species. Because the mean age to first flowering was six years, a second practical implication is that the traditional monitoring protocol of following plants through to reproduction as a measure of restoration success may be difficult for many long-lived species. Using “citizen scientists” to monitor may help make long-term monitoring more feasible beyond the limited time frame of grant funding.","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"40 1","pages":"213 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Iliad, Book XXV. Restoration of the Trojan War Battlefield","authors":"S. Handel","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"68 1","pages":"149 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. C. Fernandes, Taruhim Miranda Cardoso Quadros, Taise Almeida Conceição, Zubaria Waqar, Ivana Cardoso, A. S. Santos, F. Gaiotto
{"title":"Can Forest Restoration Affect the Genetic Diversity of Plants?","authors":"A. K. C. Fernandes, Taruhim Miranda Cardoso Quadros, Taise Almeida Conceição, Zubaria Waqar, Ivana Cardoso, A. S. Santos, F. Gaiotto","doi":"10.3368/er.41.4.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.41.4.152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11492,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Restoration","volume":"46 1","pages":"152 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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