Ecological Restoration最新文献

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Use of a Restored Prairie/Wetland Complex in Ohio by Thamnophis sirtalis (Eastern Garter Snake) and Small Mammals during the First Five Years 东部嘉德蛇(Thamnophis sirtalis)和小型哺乳动物在俄亥俄州恢复的草原/湿地复合体前五年的使用

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.2.97

Wesley O. Smith, Jack R. Marchetti, Daniel R. Timmins, Francis P. Biagioli, Alexandra W. Hogan, Olivia Grandbois, Geoffrey R. Smith

引用次数: 1

The Rise of Non-Native Invasive Plants in Wooded Natural Areas in Southwestern Ohio 非本地入侵植物在俄亥俄州西南部树木繁茂的自然地区的兴起

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.2.94

Denis G. Conover, Robert D. Bergstein

引用次数: 1

A Matter of Life and Decay: Promoting Insect Habitat in Cemeteries through Use of Deadwood Pavilions 生命与腐朽的问题：利用枯木亭促进墓地昆虫栖息地

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.2.116

Timothy Tamulonis

引用次数: 0

Designing the Future 设计未来

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781350036109.ch-018

Doug Tallamy

While there have been improvements in Australian engineering education since the 1990s, there are still strong concerns that more progress needs to be made, particularly in the areas of developing graduate competencies and in outcomes-based curricula. This paper reports on the findings from a two-day ALTC-funded forum that sought to establish a shared understanding with the 3 stakeholders (students, academics and industry) about how to achieve a design-based engineering curriculum. This paper reports on the findings from the first day’s activities and reveals that there is a shared desire for design and project-based curricula that would encourage the development of the ‘three-dimensional’ graduate: one who has technical, personal and professional and systems-thinking/design-based competence. Introduction This paper presents selected findings from a two-day ALTC-funded regional forum held in April 2009 at the University of New South Wales, Australia, as part of the ALTC project “Design based curriculum reform within engineering education”. A forum was proposed for the project because of its effectiveness in focusing stakeholders towards the systemic issues necessary to improve design pedagogy throughout the curriculum (Dym, 2005). The forum brought together 40 leading academics from around Australia, 40 industry representatives primarily from within the Sydney basin and 20 senior students, to reconceptualise engineering curricula around a design core. An engineering design approach was used to consider how a curriculum based strongly around engineering design, that is: problem solving, engineering application and practice, might be achieved. While the forum had many aims, on the first day participants engaged in a structured workshop to identify emerging trends and needs, individual and organisational responses to these challenges, and from this, to specify the competencies which graduate engineers require. It is these findings which are the focus of this paper. The current ALTC project builds on the outcomes and recommendation of a previous ALTC project report entitled “Engineers for the Future: addressing the supply and quality of Australian engineering graduates for the 21 century” (King, 2008). This report reveals that whilst progress has been made in addressing the concerns raised in a 1995-96 review of the national engineering education system (IEA, 1996 in King, 2008), there are areas that have not progressed as expected. The areas relevant to this project are: ISBN 1 876346 59 0 © 2009 AAEE 2009 293 • High levels of student attrition • Lower incentives within the system for improving teaching than for developing research • Effect of research appointments over teaching appointments and barriers to promotion • Concerns that the balance of subjects within current engineering curricula are not adequately matched to graduates’ and industry’s current and future needs It is the last of these areas that this forum sought to address synergisticall

尽管自20世纪90年代以来，澳大利亚的工程教育有所改善，但仍有人强烈担心，需要取得更多进展，特别是在培养研究生能力和基于成果的课程方面。本文报告了由ALTC资助的为期两天的论坛的研究结果，该论坛旨在与三个利益相关者（学生、学者和行业）就如何实现基于设计的工程课程建立共同的理解。本文报告了第一天活动的结果，并揭示了人们对设计和基于项目的课程的共同愿望，这些课程将鼓励“三维”毕业生的发展：一个具有技术、个人、专业和系统思维/设计能力的毕业生。引言本文介绍了2009年4月在澳大利亚新南威尔士大学举行的为期两天的ALTC资助的区域论坛的部分研究结果，该论坛是ALTC项目“工程教育中基于设计的课程改革”的一部分。建议为该项目设立一个论坛，因为它有效地将利益相关者集中在改进整个课程设计教学法所需的系统性问题上（Dym，2005）。该论坛汇集了来自澳大利亚各地的40位顶尖学者、主要来自悉尼盆地的40位行业代表和20名高年级学生，围绕设计核心重新定义工程课程。工程设计方法用于考虑如何实现以工程设计为基础的课程，即：问题解决、工程应用和实践。虽然论坛有很多目标，但在第一天，参与者就参加了一个结构化的研讨会，以确定新出现的趋势和需求，个人和组织对这些挑战的反应，并从中明确研究生工程师所需的能力。正是这些发现是本文的重点。目前的ALTC项目以ALTC上一份题为“面向未来的工程师：解决21世纪澳大利亚工程毕业生的供应和质量问题”的项目报告的成果和建议为基础（King，2008）。本报告显示，尽管在解决1995-96年对国家工程教育系统的审查中提出的关切方面取得了进展（国际能源署，1996年，King，2008年），但仍有一些领域没有取得预期的进展。与该项目相关的领域是：ISBN 1 876346 59 0©2009 AAEE 2009 293•学生流失率高•系统内改善教学的动机低于发展研究的动机•研究任命对教学任命的影响和晋升障碍•对当前工程课程中科目平衡不充分的担忧与毕业生和行业当前和未来的需求相匹配这是本论坛试图与之前ALTC项目报告（King，2008）的建议3协同解决的最后一个领域：“工程学校必须发展最佳实践工程教育，促进学生学习，并提供预期的研究生成果。课程将以健全的教育学为基础，包含包容性的概念，并适应新技术和跨学科领域。“论坛重点讨论了本建议中的以下里程碑：•提高雇主对工程毕业生的满意度•提高毕业生对教育经历和就业过渡的满意度•增加大学内工程教育工作者的认可和授权。•系统和全面的教育设计实践，包括学习经验和评估策略，重点是交付指定的研究生成果（King，2008）。第一天的研讨会活动是为了在不翻旧账的情况下，迅速达成对所需毕业生能力的共同理解。方法本次论坛的一个独特方面是来自工业界（37%）、学术界（49%）和学生（14%）的广泛参与者的积极参与，总共80人。参与者从三项活动中生成了大量数据（286行评论）。这些评论后来被转录下来，并与几位研究人员的现场同期摘要和文献参考进行了三角化。对数据进行归纳分析，以揭示新出现的主题/类别，这些主题/类别随后通过结构验证进行了提炼（Trochim，2006）。从活动1到活动3对这些类别进行了检查，目的是确定可能暗示叙述的关系。也就是说，这些数据对课程改革是否有任何明显的影响？还对结果进行了审查，以确定这些活动是否足以作为一个将未来和当前需求与能力联系起来的趋同过程。第一天的第一次会议包括主题演讲，随后是三次讲习班活动。每项活动都由会议召集人介绍，重点问题放在屏幕上的幻灯片上。参与者被分为10张表，每组8人，大致根据研讨会的总体人口统计进行分配。每张桌子上都有肉铺纸、白板笔和小组指定的一名抄写员。每项活动都有大约30分钟的讨论和记录，之后每张桌子上的发言人向论坛的其他人口头总结了他们的结果。每次活动结束时，屠夫的纸都会被收集起来。论坛结束后，评论被转录，然后由领域专家分类。然后，另外两名研究人员分别对回答进行了分类，并对结果进行了细微的修改。然后由领域专家和一名研究人员对每个类别中的评论进行分类；在这个过程中，类别描述被进一步细化，要么聚合为主导描述符，要么分解为互补描述符。例如，“需要增加工程学位的广度和深度”被分解为（1）知识库的广度，（2）学习/真实性的深度，以及（3）改变课程以适应特定评论的解释重点/意图。两位主要研究人员对细化过程进行了交叉检查和关联。然后对类别进行统计，以显示前六个主题，并在活动2中重复此过程。对于活动3，根据CDIO教学大纲（Crawley，2001）对所需研究生能力的反应进行了映射，因为第20届澳大拉西亚工程教育协会会议阿德莱德大学，2009年12月6日至9日，ISBN 1 876346 59 0©2009 AAEE 2009 294分类法提供了高达4个级别的日益增加的特异性，从而允许转录的评论的更准确的表示。然后对由此产生的能力进行统计，得出前六名。结果和分析如表1所示，从转录本中鉴定出大量类别（共24个）。表1确定的类别总数社会意识公众认知知识库广度专业化实践经验设计环境意识全球化技术影响的快速变化工程系统规模或范围工程问题专业性研究/教学困境改变学生人口流动性和可转移性技能/资格终身学习深度/真实性参与度改变工程定义改变工程问题焦点改变学术人口结构改变课程通向工程沟通活动1问参与者：环境中的哪些新兴趋势对工程师和工程组织的影响越来越大？表2显示了六大新兴趋势。表2活动1：新兴趋势-前6类在活动2中，参与者被问到：你（和你的组织）如何应对在这种新兴环境中生存和发展的压力？工程教育工作者是如何适应的？大学是如何适应的？提出这个问题是为了促使参与者（个人或组织）反思在应对外部环境带来的机遇或威胁时存在的优势/战略和/或弱点/差距。以这种方式提出这个问题是为了期望在随后的活动中发现员工和未来毕业生的能力差距。表3显示了排名前六的回复。

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引用次数: 1

The Love Song of E.O. Wilson E.O.威尔逊的情歌

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.2.79

S. Handel

引用次数: 0

Hemp Hulls Significantly Enhance Growth of the Native North American Shrub Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush) Rubiaceae 大麻皮显著促进北美原生灌木茜草科植物的生长

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.1.15

B. Connolly, B. Windmiller, Cara L. McElroy, E. Prasky

引用次数: 0

Plant, Avian, and Butterfly Response to a Native-Grassland Restoration in Southern Texas 植物、鸟类和蝴蝶对德克萨斯州南部原生草原恢复的反应

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.1.44

Geron Gowdy, F. Hernández, T. Fulbright, Eric D. Grahmann, D. Wester, Ellart Vreugdenhil, Anthony Henehan, Forrest S. Smith, Michael W. Hehman

ABSTRACT Non-native, invasive grasses can pose a threat to biodiversity in the southern U.S. Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass) is an example of an introduced invasive grass that has established in southwestern rangelands and negatively influenced biodiversity. Since its introduction, millions of hectares in the southwestern U.S. have been planted with, or invaded by, buffelgrass. Buffelgrass can form monocultures that not only reduce biodiversity but can also change ecosystem processes. Native-grassland restorations may be able to mitigate such negative impacts of non-native grasses. We conducted a study to document the response of herbaceous plants (grasses and forbs) and wildlife (grassland breeding birds, grassland wintering birds, and butterflies) to a 118-ha grassland restoration (involving prescribed fire, multiple discing and herbicide applications, and native-plant seeding) in La Salle County, Texas during 2013–2019. In general, we documented a numerical increase for all three taxa (native plants, birds, and butterflies) in species richness and relative abundance on the restoration site compared to a control. Our results suggest that native-grassland restoration is possible in a landscape dominated by buffelgrass. These restoration efforts can increase plant and wildlife diversity, although the time and expense required to achieve such responses are great.

摘要：在美国南部，非本土入侵草可能对生物多样性构成威胁。狼尾草（水牛草）是一种引入的入侵草，它已在西南部牧场建立，并对生物多样度产生负面影响。自引进以来，美国西南部数百万公顷的土地上种植或被水牛草入侵。水牛草可以形成单一栽培，不仅减少生物多样性，还可以改变生态系统过程。原生草地的恢复可能能够减轻非原生草地的负面影响。我们进行了一项研究，以记录2013-2019年期间，德克萨斯州拉萨尔县草本植物（草和禁种植物）和野生动物（草原繁殖鸟类、草原越冬鸟类和蝴蝶）对118公顷草原恢复（包括规定的火灾、多次喷洒和除草剂以及本地植物播种）的反应。总的来说，与对照组相比，我们记录了恢复现场所有三个分类群（本地植物、鸟类和蝴蝶）的物种丰富度和相对丰度的数量增加。我们的研究结果表明，在以水牛草为主的景观中，原生草原的恢复是可能的。这些恢复工作可以增加植物和野生动物的多样性，尽管实现这些响应所需的时间和费用都很大。

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引用次数: 1

Poplar Island: Understanding the Development of a Beneficial Use Restoration Site 杨树岛:了解有益用途修复地点的发展

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.1.17

D. Prosser, Jeffery D. Sullivan, Jennifer L. Wall, Evan J. Buck, J. J. Taylor, Carl R. Callahan, P. C. Mcgowan

引用次数: 2

Locating the Responsive Plants for Landscape Recovery: A Toolkit for Designers and Planners 为景观恢复定位响应植物：设计师和规划者的工具包

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.1.33

Xiwei Shen, S. Handel, Niall G. Kirkwood, Yiwei Huang, M. Padua

引用次数: 8

Innovation in Restoration: Estimating Seed Counts Using a Photography App 修复中的创新:使用摄影应用程序估计种子数量

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Ecological Restoration

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.40.1.29

S. Kelly, Cessair McKinney, Kerry M. Byrne

引用次数: 0

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